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  1. Article ; Online: Data from Multiple Portable XRF Units and Their Significance for Ancient Glass Studies.

    Yatsuk, Oleh / Ferretti, Marco / Gorghinian, Astrik / Fiocco, Giacomo / Malagodi, Marco / Agostino, Angelo / Gulmini, Monica

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 18

    Abstract: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique employed for elemental analysis of a wide range of materials. Its advantages are especially valued in archaeometry, where portable instruments are available. Considering ancient glass, such ... ...

    Abstract X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique employed for elemental analysis of a wide range of materials. Its advantages are especially valued in archaeometry, where portable instruments are available. Considering ancient glass, such instruments allow for the detection of some major, minor, and trace elements linked to the deliberate addition of specific components or to impurities in the raw materials of the glass batch. Besides some undoubted advantages, portable XRF (p-XRF) has some limitations that are addressed in this study. The performance assessment of four different p-XRF units and the reconciling of their output were conducted. The results show the limitations in cross-referencing the data obtained from each unit and suggest procedures to overcome the issues. The p-XRF units were tested on the set of Corning reference glasses and on a small set of archaeological glasses with known composition. The compatibility of the output was assessed using multivariate statistical tools. Such a workflow allows us to consider data from multiple sources in the same frame of reference.
    MeSH term(s) Archaeology/methods ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/methods ; Trace Elements
    Chemical Substances Trace Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27186068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Nanofocused Light on Stradivari Violins: Infrared s-SNOM Reveals New Clues Behind Craftsmanship Mastery.

    Stani, Chiaramaria / Invernizzi, Claudia / Birarda, Giovanni / Davit, Patrizia / Vaccari, Lisa / Malagodi, Marco / Gulmini, Monica / Fiocco, Giacomo

    Analytical chemistry

    2022  

    Abstract: It is well-known that all the phases of the manufacturing influence the extraordinary aesthetic and acoustic features of Stradivari's instruments. However, these masterpieces still keep some of their secrets hidden by the lack of documentary evidence. In ...

    Abstract It is well-known that all the phases of the manufacturing influence the extraordinary aesthetic and acoustic features of Stradivari's instruments. However, these masterpieces still keep some of their secrets hidden by the lack of documentary evidence. In particular, there is not a general consensus on the use of a protein-based ground coating directly spread on the wood surface by the Cremonese Master. The present work demonstrates that infrared scattering-type scanning near-fields optical microscopy (s-SNOM) may provide unprecedented information on very complex cross-sectioned microsamples collected from two of Stradivari's violins, nanoresolved chemical sensitivity being the turning point for detecting minute traces of a specific compound, namely proteins, hidden by the matrix when macro or micro sampling approaches are exploited. This nanoresolved chemical-sensitive technique contributed new and robust evidence to the long-debated question about the use of proteinaceous materials by Stradivari.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1508-8
    ISSN 1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
    ISSN (online) 1520-6882
    ISSN 0003-2700
    DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02965
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tears with inspace balloon: rational and medium-term results.

    Vecchini, Eugenio / Gulmini, Marco / Peluso, Angelo / Fasoli, Giacomo / Anselmi, Angela / Maluta, Tommaso / De Cristan, Damiano / Magnan, Bruno / Ricci, Matteo

    Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

    2022  Volume 92, Issue S3, Page(s) e2021584

    Abstract: Background and aim: The treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (MIRCTs) represents a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon both for the affected population and for the intrinsic characteristics of the injury. There are different types of ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: The treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (MIRCTs) represents a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon both for the affected population and for the intrinsic characteristics of the injury. There are different types of treatment ranging from bursectomy to reverse shoulder prosthesis and subacromial spacers. The aim of the work is to establish the clinical and functional improvement of patients treated with subacromial spacer.
    Methods: we conducted 2 studies: the first analyzing a sample of 24 patients (14 females and 10 male, mean age 65.7 years) operated between 2015 and 2017 whose last follow up dates back to October 2021 and a second one analyzing 55 patients (including patients of the first sample) (30 females and 25 males, mean age 64 years) over a period of time from 2015 to 2021. The mean follow up was 56 months. All patients were diagnosed with irreparable massive rotator cuff  tears and treated with subacromial spacer.
    Results: the result in both studies was an increase of Constant score, tripled from the pre-operative values, in ROM, doubled, and a reduction of VAS.
    Conclusions: the clinical results are encouraging and the use of the subacromial spacer could be a valid surgical alternative for patients with MIRCTs.  However, we needed randomized trials with long-term follow-up.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Arthroscopy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2114240-3
    ISSN 2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
    ISSN (online) 2531-6745
    ISSN 0392-4203
    DOI 10.23750/abm.v92iS3.12558
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A vascular lesion in hip revision arthroplasty: a case report.

    Giaretta, Stefano / Micheloni, Gian Mario / Mosconi, Federico / Luppi, Valentina / Vanzetti, Alessandro / Gulmini, Marco / Momoli, Alberto

    Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

    2021  Volume 92, Issue S3, Page(s) e2021031

    Abstract: Vascular injuries during hip revision surgery can be life-threatening complications for patients. There are many aspects to consider when approaching this type of surgery for an optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, as a careful planning with ... ...

    Abstract Vascular injuries during hip revision surgery can be life-threatening complications for patients. There are many aspects to consider when approaching this type of surgery for an optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, as a careful planning with extensive preoperative investigations, a full attention during the surgical procedure and the use of suitable material for a proper treatment. This kind of surgery can require a dedicated and trained multidisciplinary team. We report a case of an acute intraoperative vascular lesion during an acetabular revision performed in a 55-years-old patient.
    MeSH term(s) Acetabulum/surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-26
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2114240-3
    ISSN 2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
    ISSN (online) 2531-6745
    ISSN 0392-4203
    DOI 10.23750/abm.v92iS3.11818
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Identification of dyestuffs in historical textiles: Strong and weak points of a non-invasive approach

    Gulmini, M / Idone, A / Diana, E / Gastaldi, D / Vaudan, D / Aceto, M

    Dyes and pigments. 2013 July, v. 98, no. 1

    2013  

    Abstract: The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain countless beautiful colours. It is hard to disclose which dyestuff has been used to dye a historical or an archaeological textile through non-invasive ... ...

    Abstract The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain countless beautiful colours. It is hard to disclose which dyestuff has been used to dye a historical or an archaeological textile through non-invasive analytical techniques; therefore invasive analytical strategies, which require sampling, are generally employed to face this task. Some useful indication may nevertheless derive from the electronic transitions of dyes supported on the fibres and the signals can be easily recorded by reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The use of portable instruments equipped with fibre optics allows operation in-situ directly on the surface of the samples, through a non-invasive approach which is particularly suitable for the inspection of historical or archaeological samples. In this paper, the strong and weak points of visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy are discussed, in order to highlight its possible application as a first non-invasive step of a multi-technique analytical strategy devoted to the recognition of natural dyestuffs in ancient textile artefacts. Visible fibre optics reflectance spectra were collected from a large set of reference samples (wool and silk) coloured through various dyestuffs and dyeing procedures, in order to identify the signals of the coloured species that impregnate the fibres. The position of minimum, maximum and inflection points in the reflectance spectra was evaluated and critically discussed, in order to identify the signals which are not contingent to dyeing procedures or to the fibre typology, and that can be therefore confidently used for analytical purposes. In particular, wavelength intervals were defined, in which the characteristic signals of the investigated dyestuffs (indigo, woad, Saxon blue, logwood, cochineal, madder, brazilwood, old fustic, weld, turmeric and saffron) are expected. It emerged that visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy is poorly selective for yellow dyes based on curcumins and flavonoids, while it generally succeeds in detecting the other dyestuffs considered herein. The information obtained from the reference sample set was then exploited to analyze an embroidered cloth dated from the seventeenth century. Preliminary information obtained via visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy was confirmed, or integrated, by the results obtained through liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry on extracts obtained from some coloured threads sampled from the historical cloth.
    Keywords color ; dyeing ; equipment ; fabrics ; fiber optics ; flavonoids ; indigo ; liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; reflectance ; reflectance spectroscopy ; saffron ; silk ; turmeric ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ; wavelengths ; wool
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-07
    Size p. 136-145.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0143-7208
    DOI 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.02.010
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Compositional and Micro-Morphological Characterisation of Red Colourants in Archaeological Textiles from Pharaonic Egypt.

    Tamburini, Diego / Dyer, Joanne / Davit, Patrizia / Aceto, Maurizio / Turina, Valentina / Borla, Matilde / Vandenbeusch, Marie / Gulmini, Monica

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2019  Volume 24, Issue 20

    Abstract: When the imagination conjures up an image of an Egyptian mummy, it is normally one of a human body wrapped with undyed linen bandages. However, the reality was much more colourful, as shown by the set of red mummy shrouds and textile fragments from ... ...

    Abstract When the imagination conjures up an image of an Egyptian mummy, it is normally one of a human body wrapped with undyed linen bandages. However, the reality was much more colourful, as shown by the set of red mummy shrouds and textile fragments from Pharaonic Egypt considered in this work. The textiles were subjected to scientific investigation with the main aim of shedding light on the sources of red colour and on the possible reasons for the different levels of colour fading. The red colourants were investigated using various non-invasive and micro-invasive approaches. The results pointed towards the presence of three sources of red colour, which, in increasing order of lightfastness, are safflower (
    MeSH term(s) Carthamus tinctorius/chemistry ; Clay/chemistry ; Coloring Agents/analysis ; Coloring Agents/classification ; Egypt, Ancient ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mummies ; Rubia/chemistry ; Textiles/analysis ; Textiles/history
    Chemical Substances Coloring Agents ; Clay (T1FAD4SS2M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules24203761
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Spectroscopic Analysis to Characterize Finishing Treatments of Ancient Bowed String Instruments.

    Fiocco, Giacomo / Rovetta, Tommaso / Gulmini, Monica / Piccirillo, Anna / Licchelli, Maurizio / Malagodi, Marco

    Applied spectroscopy

    2017  Volume 71, Issue 11, Page(s) 2477–2487

    Abstract: Historical bowed string instruments exhibit acoustic features and aesthetic appeal that are still considered inimitable. These characteristics seem to be in large part determined by the materials used in the ground and varnishing treatments after the ... ...

    Abstract Historical bowed string instruments exhibit acoustic features and aesthetic appeal that are still considered inimitable. These characteristics seem to be in large part determined by the materials used in the ground and varnishing treatments after the assembly of the instrument. These finishing processes were kept secret by the violinmakers and the traditional methods were handed down orally from master craftsmen to apprentices. Today, the methods of the past can represent a secret to be revealed through scientific investigations. The "Cremonese" methods used in the 17th and 18th centuries were lost as the last Great Masters from the Amati, Guarneri, and Stradivari families passed away. In this study, we had the chance of combining noninvasive and microinvasive techniques on six fragments of historical musical instruments. The fragments were detached from different instruments during extraordinary maintenance and restoration treatments, which involved the substitution of severely damaged structural parts like top plates, back plates, or ribs. Therefore, the fragments can offer to the scientists a valuable overview on the materials and techniques used by the violinmakers. The results obtained by portable X-ray fluorescence, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared microscopy allowed us to: (1) determine the stratigraphy of six instruments; (2) obtain new information about the materials involved in the finishing processes employed in Cremona; and (3) elucidate the technological relationship among the procedures adopted in the violin making workshops during the considered period.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1943-3530
    ISSN (online) 1943-3530
    DOI 10.1177/0003702817715622
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: On the identification of folium and orchil on illuminated manuscripts.

    Aceto, Maurizio / Calà, Elisa / Agostino, Angelo / Fenoglio, Gaia / Idone, Ambra / Porter, Cheryl / Gulmini, Monica

    Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

    2017  Volume 171, Page(s) 461–469

    Abstract: The identification of the two purple dyes folium and orchil has rarely been reported in the analysis of painted artworks, especially when analysing illuminated manuscripts. This is not consistent with the fact that ancient literary sources suggested ... ...

    Abstract The identification of the two purple dyes folium and orchil has rarely been reported in the analysis of painted artworks, especially when analysing illuminated manuscripts. This is not consistent with the fact that ancient literary sources suggested their use as substitutes for the more expensive Tyrian purple dye. By employing non-invasive spectroscopic techniques, the present work demonstrates that these dyes were actually widely used in the production of ancient manuscripts. By employing UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibres (FORS) and spectrofluorimetry, the abundant identification of both dyes on medieval manuscripts was performed by comparing the spectra recorded on ancient codices with those obtained on accurate replicas of dyed or painted parchment. Moreover, examples are also reported whereby the considered purple dyes were used in mixtures with other colourants. The overall information obtained here allowed us to define new boundaries for the time range in which orchil and folium dyes were used which is wider than previously thought, and to focus on their particular uses in the decoration of books.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 210413-1
    ISSN 1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    ISSN (online) 1873-3557
    ISSN 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    DOI 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Reflection FTIR spectroscopy for the study of historical bowed string instruments: Invasive and non-invasive approaches.

    Fiocco, Giacomo / Invernizzi, Claudia / Grassi, Silvia / Davit, Patrizia / Albano, Michela / Rovetta, Tommaso / Stani, Chiaramaria / Vaccari, Lisa / Malagodi, Marco / Licchelli, Maurizio / Gulmini, Monica

    Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

    2020  Volume 245, Page(s) 118926

    Abstract: A micro-sample detached from a historical bowed string instrument represents a valuable record of the materials used by the great Masters of violin-making art. It allows researchers to collect a wealth of information and to disclose - at least partially - ...

    Abstract A micro-sample detached from a historical bowed string instrument represents a valuable record of the materials used by the great Masters of violin-making art. It allows researchers to collect a wealth of information and to disclose - at least partially - their procedures for finishing and varnishing. In the present work, a set of four cross-sectioned micro-samples - collected from well-preserved bowed string instruments made by Antonio Stradivari and Lorenzo Storioni - are investigated by Synchrotron Radiation (SR) FTIR micro-spectroscopy in reflection mode. SR-FTIR spectra are discussed both as point analysis and as univariate and multivariate chemical maps. The same cross-sections are also investigated by optical microscopy under UV light and SEM-EDX. Moreover, data obtained directly from the musical instruments by a non-invasive approach employing a portable reflection FTIR spectrometer are also considered. FTIR investigation of the cross-sections is a challenging task for such brittle and complex layered micro-samples. Nevertheless, the high intensity of the analytical SR beam used in reflection geometry allowed us to obtain informative FTIR spectra and to fully preserve the integrity of the samples. Both the non-invasive and the micro-invasive reflection FTIR approaches can reveal the materials spread on the wood surface to finish the musical instruments. The fingerprint of Lorenzo Storioni's production around 1790 emerged from the study of the cross-sectioned samples, definitely different from the technique of Stradivari.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 210413-1
    ISSN 1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    ISSN (online) 1873-3557
    ISSN 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    DOI 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A diagnostic study on folium and orchil dyes with non-invasive and micro-destructive methods.

    Aceto, Maurizio / Arrais, Aldo / Marsano, Francesco / Agostino, Angelo / Fenoglio, Gaia / Idone, Ambra / Gulmini, Monica

    Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

    2015  Volume 142, Page(s) 159–168

    Abstract: Folium and orchil are dyes of vegetal origin. Folium is obtained from Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss., whereas orchil is obtained from Roccella and other genera of lichens. These dyes were used in the past to impart purple hue to paintings and ... ...

    Abstract Folium and orchil are dyes of vegetal origin. Folium is obtained from Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss., whereas orchil is obtained from Roccella and other genera of lichens. These dyes were used in the past to impart purple hue to paintings and textiles as substitutes for the more prised Tyrian purple dye, obtained from shellfish. Despite several citations in ancient technical treatises dating back at least to the Greek-Roman age, the identification of these dyes in artworks is rare. In the case of folium, an additional drawback is that its composition is presently unknown. In this work different non-invasive (FT-IR, FT-Raman, fibre optic reflectance spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) and micro-invasive (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) techniques were used in order to increase the diagnostic information available on these dyes. Measurements were carried out on the dyes extracted from raw materials and on painted or dyed parchments. The possibility to distinguish between folium and orchil by chemical analysis is discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Art ; Ascomycota/chemistry ; Coloring Agents/analysis ; Coloring Agents/isolation & purification ; Euphorbiaceae/chemistry ; Fluorometry ; Fruit/chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Paint/analysis ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
    Chemical Substances Coloring Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 210413-1
    ISSN 1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    ISSN (online) 1873-3557
    ISSN 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
    DOI 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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