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  1. Article ; Online: Real-Time High Throughput Technique to Quantify Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation in Human Neutrophils.

    Nakabo, Shuichiro / Kaplan, Mariana J / Gupta, Sarthak

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2023  , Issue 202

    Abstract: Neutrophils are myeloid-lineage cells that form a crucial part of the innate immune system. The past decade has revealed additional key roles that neutrophils play in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various acute and chronic ... ...

    Abstract Neutrophils are myeloid-lineage cells that form a crucial part of the innate immune system. The past decade has revealed additional key roles that neutrophils play in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions by contributing to the initiation and perpetuation of immune dysregulation through multiple mechanisms, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are structures crucial in antimicrobial defense. Limitations in techniques to quantify NET formation in an unbiased, reproducible, and efficient way have restricted our ability to further understand the role of neutrophils in health and diseases. We describe an automated, real-time, high-throughput method to quantify neutrophils undergoing NET formation using a live cell imaging platform coupled with a membrane permeability-dependent dual-dye approach using two different DNA dyes to image intracellular and extracellular DNA. This methodology is able to help assess neutrophil physiology and test molecules that can target NET formation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neutrophils ; Extracellular Traps ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Coloring Agents ; DNA
    Chemical Substances Coloring Agents ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/66051
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Bite of the wolf: innate immune responses propagate autoimmunity in lupus.

    Gupta, Sarthak / Kaplan, Mariana J

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2021  Volume 131, Issue 3

    Abstract: The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, ... ...

    Abstract The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, multifactorial interplay between underlying genetic susceptibility factors and the environment. Prominent pathogenic factors include the induction of aberrant cell death pathways coupled with defective cell death clearance mechanisms that promote excessive externalization of modified cellular and nuclear debris with subsequent loss of tolerance to a wide variety of autoantigens and innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. While abnormalities in adaptive immunity are well recognized and are key to the pathogenesis of SLE, recent findings have emphasized fundamental roles of the innate immune system in the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity and the development of organ damage in this disease. This Review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of components of the innate immune system, specifically neutrophils and interferons, in promoting various aspects of lupus pathogenesis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmunity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferons/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Neutrophils/pathology
    Chemical Substances Interferons (9008-11-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI144918
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article: How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures.

    Gupta, Sarthak / Santangelo, Christian D / Patteson, Alison E / Schwarz, J M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by ... ...

    Abstract Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.30.526272
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures.

    Gupta, Sarthak / Santangelo, Christian D / Patteson, Alison E / Schwarz, J M

    ArXiv

    2023  

    Abstract: Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by ... ...

    Abstract Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    ISSN 2331-8422
    ISSN (online) 2331-8422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Neuromorphic Time-Multiplexed Reservoir Computing With On-the-Fly Weight Generation for Edge Devices.

    Gupta, Sarthak / Chakraborty, Satrajit / Thakur, Chetan Singh

    IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 2676–2685

    Abstract: The human brain has evolved to perform complex and computationally expensive cognitive tasks, such as audio-visual perception and object detection, with ease. For instance, the brain can recognize speech in different dialects and perform other cognitive ... ...

    Abstract The human brain has evolved to perform complex and computationally expensive cognitive tasks, such as audio-visual perception and object detection, with ease. For instance, the brain can recognize speech in different dialects and perform other cognitive tasks, such as attention, memory, and motor control, with just 20 W of power consumption. Taking inspiration from neural systems, we propose a low-power neuromorphic hardware architecture to perform classification on temporal data at the edge. The proposed architecture uses a neuromorphic cochlea model for feature extraction and reservoir computing (RC) framework as a classifier. In the proposed hardware architecture, the RC framework is modified for on-the-fly generation of reservoir connectivity, along with binary feedforward and reservoir weights. Also, a large reservoir is split into multiple small reservoirs for efficient use of hardware resources. These modifications reduce the computational and memory resources required, thereby resulting in a lower power budget. The proposed classifier is validated for speech and human activity recognition (HAR) tasks. We have prototyped our hardware architecture using Intel's cyclone-10 low-power series field-programmable gate array (FPGA), consuming only 4790 logic elements (LEs) and 34.9-kB memory, making it a perfect candidate for edge computing applications. Moreover, we have implemented a complete system for speech recognition with the feature extraction block (cochlea model) and the proposed classifier, utilizing 15 532 LEs and 38.4-kB memory. By using the proposed idea of multiple small reservoirs along with on-the-fly generation of reservoir binary weights, our architecture can reduce the power consumption and memory requirement by order of magnitude compared to existing FPGA models for speech recognition tasks with similar complexity.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Computers ; Neural Networks, Computer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2162-2388
    ISSN (online) 2162-2388
    DOI 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3085165
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Quantification of Neutrophils Undergoing NET Formation and Distinguishing Mechanisms of Neutrophil Cell Death by Use of a High-Throughput Method.

    Nakabo, Shuichiro / Kaplan, Mariana J / Gupta, Sarthak

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2022  Volume 2543, Page(s) 129–140

    Abstract: Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell type in humans, play a crucial role in innate host defenses. Recent studies have revealed additional key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms including the ...

    Abstract Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell type in humans, play a crucial role in innate host defenses. Recent studies have revealed additional key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Further research to expand the understanding of neutrophils' role in health and diseases is limited by lack of techniques to quantify neutrophils undergoing NET formation in an objective, reproducible, and efficient manner. In this chapter, we describe an automated high-throughput method to quantify NETting neutrophils in real time using a two-color, live-content imaging platform, the IncuCyte™S3 (Essen BioScience, Inc.) system, coupled to membrane integrity-dependent dual-dye approach to image intracellular and extracellular DNA. Based on characteristic differences in nuclear morphology and membrane integrity, this method may also be used to distinguish between different types of neutrophil cell death. This platform can help to assess neutrophil physiology and to develop and test therapeutic targets.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism ; Cell Death ; DNA/metabolism ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Humans ; Neutrophils/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-2553-8_11
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online: [Re] Double Sampling Randomized Smoothing

    Gupta, Aryan / Gupta, Sarthak / Kumar, Abhay / Dugar, Harsh

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper is a contribution to the reproducibility challenge in the field of machine learning, specifically addressing the issue of certifying the robustness of neural networks (NNs) against adversarial perturbations. The proposed Double Sampling ... ...

    Abstract This paper is a contribution to the reproducibility challenge in the field of machine learning, specifically addressing the issue of certifying the robustness of neural networks (NNs) against adversarial perturbations. The proposed Double Sampling Randomized Smoothing (DSRS) framework overcomes the limitations of existing methods by using an additional smoothing distribution to improve the robustness certification. The paper provides a clear manifestation of DSRS for a generalized family of Gaussian smoothing and a computationally efficient method for implementation. The experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 demonstrate the effectiveness of DSRS, consistently certifying larger robust radii compared to other methods. Also various ablations studies are conducted to further analyze the hyperparameters and effect of adversarial training methods on the certified radius by the proposed framework.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory
    Subject code 310
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Trust, But Verify

    Kumari, Anupriya / Bhardwaj, Devansh / Jindal, Sukrit / Gupta, Sarthak

    A Survey of Randomized Smoothing Techniques

    2023  

    Abstract: Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success across diverse domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Empirical defence mechanisms often fall short, as new attacks constantly emerge, rendering existing defences obsolete. A ... ...

    Abstract Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success across diverse domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Empirical defence mechanisms often fall short, as new attacks constantly emerge, rendering existing defences obsolete. A paradigm shift from empirical defences to certification-based defences has been observed in response. Randomized smoothing has emerged as a promising technique among notable advancements. This study reviews the theoretical foundations, empirical effectiveness, and applications of randomized smoothing in verifying machine learning classifiers. We provide an in-depth exploration of the fundamental concepts underlying randomized smoothing, highlighting its theoretical guarantees in certifying robustness against adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of existing methodologies and offer insightful perspectives on potential solutions. This paper is novel in its attempt to systemise the existing knowledge in the context of randomized smoothing.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Statistics - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Adsorptive removal of Cd2+ ions using dolochar at an industrial-scale process optimization by response surface methodology

    Upadhyay, Utkarsh / Gupta, Sarthak / Agarwal, Ankita / Sreedhar, Inkollu / Anitha, Kayamkulathethu Latitha

    Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023 Jan., v. 30, no. 4 p.8403-8415

    2023  

    Abstract: In this work, performance of laboratory-synthesized dolochar has been investigated for adsorption of Cd²⁺ ions in a large-scale process with the application of Aspen Adsorption. Moreover, the optimum values of the operating parameters (namely, flow rate, ...

    Abstract In this work, performance of laboratory-synthesized dolochar has been investigated for adsorption of Cd²⁺ ions in a large-scale process with the application of Aspen Adsorption. Moreover, the optimum values of the operating parameters (namely, flow rate, bed height, and inlet metal ion concentration) that would result into maximum amount of cadmium ion adsorption (high exhaustion capacity) in minimum time (less exhaustion time) for a fixed mass of dolochar have been calculated via the application of response surface methodology. It was found that, at optimum values of bed height (3.48 m), flow rate (76.31 m³/day), and inlet concentration (10 ppm), the optimized value of exhaustion capacity and exhaustion time for cadmium ion adsorption in dolochar packed bed is equal to 1.85 mg/g and 11.39 h, respectively. The validity of these simulation experiments can be proven by the fact that the obtained exhaustion capacity of dolochar packed bed always remained in close proximity of the experimentally obtained value of adsorption capacity of the dolochar in batch process mode (equal to 2.1 mg/g).
    Keywords adsorption ; batch systems ; cadmium ; response surface methodology
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 8403-8415.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-021-17216-9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5915: Show issues

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  10. Article: The Importance of Prompt Management of Morel-Lavallée Lesions.

    Khan, Khizar K / Dhaniwala, Nareshkumar S / Gupta, Sarthak / Kekatpure, Aditya L

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e24639

    Abstract: The Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed soft-tissue injury that is frequently associated with high-intensity trauma. The thigh, hip, and pelvic regions are the most typically affected regions. It is critical to recognize and treat an MLL as soon as ... ...

    Abstract The Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed soft-tissue injury that is frequently associated with high-intensity trauma. The thigh, hip, and pelvic regions are the most typically affected regions. It is critical to recognize and treat an MLL as soon as possible because it is often neglected or its identification is delayed because of other distracting injuries in a polytrauma patient. Bacterial colonization of these closed soft-tissue wounds can result in an increased risk of perioperative and postoperative infection. Magnetic resonance imaging has recently been used to define and grade these lesions. To reduce the dangers of these situations, clinical suspicion and on-the-spot identification of these lesions are essential. Here, we report an operated case of fracture shaft femur associated with MLLs and discuss the diagnostic and surgical approaches.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.24639
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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