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Article ; Online: Landscape position and cover crops affects crop yields in a terrace-tiled field

Harpreet Kaur / Kelly A. Nelson / Gurbir Singh / Gurpreet Kaur / Katherine Grote

Agricultural Water Management, Vol 289, Iss , Pp 108517- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Cover crops (CC) provide soil ecosystem benefits including reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and nutrient cycling. However, the effect of CCs on rotational commodity crop grain yields and nutrient uptake may vary at different landscape ... ...

Abstract	Cover crops (CC) provide soil ecosystem benefits including reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and nutrient cycling. However, the effect of CCs on rotational commodity crop grain yields and nutrient uptake may vary at different landscape positions and under different soil moisture dynamics. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of CCs in a terraced field on soil moisture at crop emergence and reproductive stages of corn (Zea mays L) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) development, and evaluate CCmix (wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. Sativus), and turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa)) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) effect on corn and soybean grain yield and plant nutrient concentration, respectively. A randomized complete block design with two treatments including cover crop (CC) and no cover crop (no CC) and three replications was used. In this 4-year study, cereal rye produced 1.0–1.6 Mg ha−1 higher aboveground biomass compared to the CCmix species. Nutrient uptake in the CCmix biomass was greater than cereal rye. Soybean yield following cereal rye termination was not influenced by the CC treatment (P = 0.3229). Dry climatic conditions during the soybean growing period and landscape positions influenced grain yield and nutrient uptake. Average soybean yield at different landscape positions was ranked as shoulder (4.8 Mg ha−1) > backslope (4.4 Mg ha−1) > footslope (3.9 Mg ha−1) > channel (3.6 Mg ha−1). In 2021, corn yield was reduced 29% following the CCmix compared to no CC control, indicating a yield penalty when corn was preceded with the CCmix species. In this study, higher CC biomass production exacerbated soil wetness in a wet year (2021), resulting in uneven corn germination and excess soil water stress on plant growth. Increased soil wetness at channel and footslope positions in 2019 and 2021 reduced corn yield 45–70%. This study suggests that CCs in terraced fields can have a neutral or negative effect on the following commodity ...
Keywords	Landscape position ; Cover crops ; Soil water potential ; corn-soybean yield ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972 ; Agricultural industries ; HD9000-9495
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cover crops and landscape positions mediate corn–soybean production

Gurbir Singh / Madhav Dhakal / Gurpreet Kaur / Jon E. Schoonover / Karl W. J. Williard

Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

2022

Abstract: Abstract Ecosystem services and cash crop benefits provided by cover crops (CCs) can be affected by temporal and spatial variability of CC performances as influenced by topographic position of the field. A watershed‐scale study was initiated in 2015 to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Ecosystem services and cash crop benefits provided by cover crops (CCs) can be affected by temporal and spatial variability of CC performances as influenced by topographic position of the field. A watershed‐scale study was initiated in 2015 to assess the influence of crop rotations [cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)–corn (Zea mays L.) (CC) and winter‐fallow soybean–winter‐fallow corn (NoCC)] and topography (i.e., shoulder, backslope, and footslope) on corn and soybean productivity in southern Illinois. Cereal rye increased soybean yield by 0.29 Mg ha‐1 at the shoulder position, but it reduced yield by 0.44 Mg ha‐1 at the footslope position when compared with the NoCC treatments. At the footslope position, every 1 Mg ha‐1 increase in cereal rye biomass increased soybean yield by 0.87 Mg ha‐1. Soybean yield was negatively related to the cereal rye biomass at the shoulder and backslope positions. Within the CC rotation, corn yield was greater at the shoulder and backslope positions than at the footslope. Hairy vetch biomass affected corn yield positively within each landscape position. Cover cropping did not improve soybean and corn yield at the footslope position. Site‐specific CC management is critical if the landscape has significant variability in soil characteristics.
Keywords	Agriculture ; S ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Effect of precision planting and seeding rates on canola plant density and seed yield in southern Alberta

Dhillon, Gurbir Singh / Baarda, Lewis / Gretzinger, Mike / Coles, Ken

Canadian journal of plant science. 2022 Feb. 11, v. 102, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Precision planters are recently being adopted for seeding canola to improve crop establishment and seed yield. This study determined the effect of seeding canola using precision planters (30.5 and 50.8 cm seeding row width) and conventional air drill ... ...

Abstract	Precision planters are recently being adopted for seeding canola to improve crop establishment and seed yield. This study determined the effect of seeding canola using precision planters (30.5 and 50.8 cm seeding row width) and conventional air drill seeders at different rates (20, 40, 60, 80, and 160 seeds m⁻²) on plant density and seed yield. The study was conducted for 4 yr (2016 to 2019) at three locations in southern Alberta. Plant density increased with higher seeding rates following the negative exponential function distribution. The yield-density relationship was non-linear asymptotic in nature and weak-to-moderate in strength at most site-years. The parameters of yield-density relationship did not show statistically significant differences among the air drill and precision planters. When averaged among seeding rates, canola yield was higher for the narrow row precision planter at 5 site-years and for the air drill at 2 site-years out of a total of 12 site-years. Under irrigated and high-precipitation conditions, seed yield in narrow-row precision planted canola was higher than air drill seeded canola. There was an average increase of 463 kg ha⁻¹ (10%) in the seed yield in narrow-row precision planted canola compared with the air drill seeded canola among irrigated systems; however, under water-limited conditions, seed yield in air drill seeded canola was comparable or higher than the precision planted canola. Wide-row planter led to poor crop establishment and seed yield under both irrigated and dryland conditions, attributed to higher in-row plant density due to wider row spacing.
Keywords	air ; arid lands ; canola ; irrigation ; plant density ; plant establishment ; seed yield ; Alberta
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0211
Size	p. 698-709.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417255-3
ISSN	1918-1833 ; 0008-4220
ISSN (online)	1918-1833
ISSN	0008-4220
DOI	10.1139/CJPS-2020-0186
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of precision planting and seeding rates on canola plant density and seed yield in southern Alberta

Dhillon, Gurbir Singh / Baarda, Lewis / Gretzinger, Mike / Coles, Ken

Canadian journal of plant science. 2022 Feb. 11, v. 102, no. 3

2022

Abstract	Precision planters are recently being adopted for seeding canola to improve crop establishment and seed yield. This study determined the effect of seeding canola using precision planters (30.5 and 50.8 cm seeding row width) and conventional air drill seeders at different rates (20, 40, 60, 80, and 160 seeds m⁻²) on plant density and seed yield. The study was conducted for 4 yr (2016 to 2019) at three locations in southern Alberta. Plant density increased with higher seeding rates following the negative exponential function distribution. The yield-density relationship was non-linear asymptotic in nature and weak-to-moderate in strength at most site-years. The parameters of yield-density relationship did not show statistically significant differences among the air drill and precision planters. When averaged among seeding rates, canola yield was higher for the narrow row precision planter at 5 site-years and for the air drill at 2 site-years out of a total of 12 site-years. Under irrigated and high-precipitation conditions, seed yield in narrow-row precision planted canola was higher than air drill seeded canola. There was an average increase of 463 kg ha⁻¹ (10%) in the seed yield in narrow-row precision planted canola compared with the air drill seeded canola among irrigated systems; however, under water-limited conditions, seed yield in air drill seeded canola was comparable or higher than the precision planted canola. Wide-row planter led to poor crop establishment and seed yield under both irrigated and dryland conditions, attributed to higher in-row plant density due to wider row spacing.
Keywords	air ; arid lands ; canola ; irrigation ; plant density ; plant establishment ; seed yield ; Alberta
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0211
Size	p. 698-709.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417255-3
ISSN	1918-1833 ; 0008-4220
ISSN (online)	1918-1833
ISSN	0008-4220
DOI	10.1139/cjps-2020-0186
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Adaptation to Early-Season Soil Waterlogging Using Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Practices and Corn Hybrids

Gurpreet Kaur / Kelly A. Nelson / Peter P. Motavalli / Gurbir Singh

Agronomy, Vol 10, Iss 3, p

2020 Volume 378

Abstract: Excessive rainfall occurring in the early spring season in the Midwestern United States result in waterlogged soils contributing to corn production losses. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of soil waterlogging [non-waterlogged or ... ...

Abstract	Excessive rainfall occurring in the early spring season in the Midwestern United States result in waterlogged soils contributing to corn production losses. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of soil waterlogging [non-waterlogged or waterlogged for 7 days when corn was at V3 growth stage (corn plant having three fully developed leaves with collar visible)], different pre-plant nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources and post-waterlogging rescue N fertilizer on grain and silage yield of two commercially available corn hybrids with different flood tolerance. Pre-plant N fertilizer was applied at 168 kg N ha −1 . Nitrogen sources were a non-treated control (CO), polymer coated urea (PCU), urea (NCU), and urea plus Instinct (NCU + NI). A post-waterlogging rescue N fertilizer was applied at V7 as 0 or 83 kg N ha −1 of urea plus N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (NCU + UI). Waterlogging decreased grain and silage yields in different years; however, significant interactions were observed among treatments. Rescue N applications increased grain yields by 6−46% in non-waterlogged treatments, but not in waterlogged treatments. The PCU and NCU + NI increased grain yields compared to the CO. Pre-plant N sources showed no significant differences in grain yield, probably due to existing environmental conditions or incorporation of fertilizer. The N source, application method, and timing for post-waterlogging rescue N application and flood-tolerant corn hybrids needs further investigation in poorly-drained claypan soils prone to waterlogging under a changing climate.
Keywords	enhanced efficiency n fertilizer ; silage ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modeling Hairy Vetch and Cereal Rye Cover Crop Decomposition and Nitrogen Release

Madhav Dhakal / Gurbir Singh / Rachel L. Cook / Taylor Sievers

Agronomy, Vol 10, Iss 701, p

2020 Volume 701

Abstract: Empirical models could help us to understand the process of plant residue decomposition and nutrient release into the soil. The objective of this study was to determine an appropriate model to describe the decomposition of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ... ...

Abstract	Empirical models could help us to understand the process of plant residue decomposition and nutrient release into the soil. The objective of this study was to determine an appropriate model to describe the decomposition of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) cover crop (CC) residue and nitrogen (N) release. Data pertaining to above and belowground CC residue mass loss and N release for up to 2633 cumulative decomposition degree days (112 d) after litterbag installation were obtained from two cropping system experiments, a 1-yr study conducted in 2015 and a 2-yr study during 2017 to 2018 in the humid subtropical environment of southern IL, USA. Six exponential and two hyperbolic models were fit to percent mass and N remaining data to find the one with minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and residual sum of squares. Modified three-parameter single exponential and two- or three-parameter hyperbolic models best met the assumed criteria of selection for above and belowground CC residue, respectively. Fitting a double exponential model to combined data for percent mass and N remaining identified two mass and N pools, a fast and a slow pool with different rate constants. A five-parameter double exponential with an asymptote met the preset criteria and passed all tests for normally distributed population, constant variance, and independence of residuals at α = 0.05 when fit to combined data of hairy vetch shoot mass and N remaining. However, a two-parameter hyperbolic and three-parameter asymptotic hyperbolic model provided the best fit to a combined data of cereal rye shoot mass and N remaining, respectively. Both hyperbolic decay models showed a good fit for belowground mass decomposition and N release for both CCs. Cereal rye had a poorer fit than hairy vetch for mass and N remaining of both above and belowground mass. The best-selected decay models can be used to estimate the decomposition and N release rates of hairy vetch and cereal rye above and belowground residue in a ...
Keywords	cover crop ; cereal rye ; hairy vetch ; decomposition ; nitrogen release ; exponential and hyperbolic models ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cogan syndrome: An autoimmune eye and ear disease with systemic manifestations.

Bhandari, Gurbir Singh / Duggal, Lalit / Jain, Neeraj / Patel, Jeet

The National medical journal of India

2021 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 349–351

Abstract: Cogan syndrome (CS) is a rare vasculitis seen primarily in young adults. It predominantly affects eyes, ears and the heart with characteristic findings of interstitial keratitis, sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. A high index of ... ...

Abstract	Cogan syndrome (CS) is a rare vasculitis seen primarily in young adults. It predominantly affects eyes, ears and the heart with characteristic findings of interstitial keratitis, sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose this rare disorder. It is one of the few vasculitis which can involve vessels of all sizes: small, medium and large. Coexistence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Cogan syndrome has been described in the literature. Immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids with or without steroid sparing agents are the standard of care. Early diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstone of treatment to prevent permanent damage to the ears and eyes. We describe a patient with Cogan syndrome with large vessel vasculitis and IBD. Our patient was treated with glucocorticoids and methotrexate.
MeSH term(s)	Cogan Syndrome/complications ; Cogan Syndrome/diagnosis ; Cogan Syndrome/drug therapy ; Cogan Syndrome/immunology ; Colonoscopy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/immunology ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology ; Male ; Methotrexate/administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Methotrexate (YL5FZ2Y5U1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-07
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645116-0
ISSN	0970-258X
ISSN	0970-258X
DOI	10.4103/0970-258X.303611
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cover crops and tillage effects on carbon–nitrogen pools

Gurbir Singh / Gurpreet Kaur / Karl W. J. Williard / Jon E. Schoonover

Vadose Zone Journal, Vol 20, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

A lysimeter study

2021

Abstract: Abstract Cover crops (CCs) and tillage practices influence C and N pools in soil, which can affect dissolved organic C (DOC) and N leaching from agricultural fields. Previous studies on cover crops have focused mostly on nitrate leaching and total C (TC). ...

Abstract	Abstract Cover crops (CCs) and tillage practices influence C and N pools in soil, which can affect dissolved organic C (DOC) and N leaching from agricultural fields. Previous studies on cover crops have focused mostly on nitrate leaching and total C (TC). Therefore, a study was conducted in southern Illinois from 2015 to 2018 to evaluate the effects of tillage systems (conventional till [CT] and no‐tillage [NT]) and CCs on C and N pools including water‐extractable C (WEC), permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), TC, water‐extractable N (WEN), and total N (TN) in soil and on TN and DOC leaching collected with zero‐tension lysimeters. Crop rotations included were corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation without winter CC (C–S), corn–cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)–soybean–hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (C–R–S–HV), corn–cereal rye–soybean–oat + radish (Avena sativa L.+ Raphanus sativus L.) (C–R–S–OR). The WEC decreased over time under CT system at a depth to 0–15 cm in rotation C–R–S–OR having cereal rye and oat + radish CCs. The POXC at depths of 15–30 and 30–45 cm increased significantly over time from fall 2015 to spring 2018 for all rotations under both tillage systems. The cumulative DOC leaching was greater in C–R–S–HV rotation than in C–S rotation in fall 2015 and spring 2018. Inclusion of cereal rye in C–R–S–HV and C–R–S–OR rotations reduced cumulative TN leaching compared with the C–S having no CC in spring 2018. Increased DOC leaching losses with the introduction of CC should be addressed and need further evaluation for its impact on C cycling in surface and subsurface waters.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Aggregation Behavior of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate in Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Mixtures with Water

Komal / Gagandeep Singh / Gurbir Singh / Tejwant Singh Kang

ACS Omega, Vol 3, Iss 10, Pp 13387-

An Account of Solvent’s Polarity, Cohesiveness, and Solvent Structure

2018 Volume 13398

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Perceptions of Irrigation Water Management Practices in the Mississippi Delta

Carson Roberts / Drew M. Gholson / Nicolas Quintana-Ashwell / Gurpreet Kaur / Gurbir Singh / L. Jason Krutz / Trey Cooke

Agronomy, Vol 12, Iss 186, p

2022 Volume 186

Abstract: The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is being depleted, and practices that improve water stewardship have been developed to reduce drawdown. This study assesses how Mississippi Delta producers changed their perceptions of these practices ...

Abstract	The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is being depleted, and practices that improve water stewardship have been developed to reduce drawdown. This study assesses how Mississippi Delta producers changed their perceptions of these practices over time. The analysis employs data from two surveys carried-out in 2012 and 2014 of all Mississippi permittees who held an agricultural well permit drawing from the MRVAA. Focusing on water-saving practices, this study found that producer perception of the usability of flowmeters improved over time. About 80% and 90% more producers growing corn and soybeans, respectively, felt that computerized hole selection was highly efficient. In 2014, 38% of corn and 35% of soybean producers believed that shortened furrow length was a highly efficient practice—up from 21% in corn and 24% in soybean producers in 2012. Approval of irrigation automation, moisture probes, and other irrigation technology rose from 75% of producers in 2012 to 88% by 2014. Favorability toward water-saving practices increased overall between the survey years.
Keywords	irrigation ; irrigator survey groundwater ; irrigation management ; conservation adoption ; irrigation meters ; computerized hole selection ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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