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  1. Article: Depression, anxiety and brain volume after hearing loss and tinnitus: cohort study in the UK Biobank.

    Chen, Xiaowan / Hu, Kejia / Song, Huan / Yin, Li / Kaijser, Magnus / Gurholt, Tiril P / Andreassen, Ole A / Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur / Fang, Fang / Duan, Maoli

    BJPsych open

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e37

    Abstract: Background: Hearing loss and tinnitus have been proposed as potential indicators of impaired mental health and brain morphological changes.: Aims: To assess the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with the risk of depression and anxiety and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hearing loss and tinnitus have been proposed as potential indicators of impaired mental health and brain morphological changes.
    Aims: To assess the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with the risk of depression and anxiety and with brain volume.
    Method: We conducted a community-based cohort study including 129 610 participants aged 40-69 years at recruitment to the UK Biobank with a follow-up period during 2006-2021 to estimate the risk of depression and anxiety after detection of hearing loss and reported tinnitus. We also assessed the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with brain volume in a subsample with available brain magnetic resonance imaging data (
    Results: We observed an increased risk of depression among individuals with hearing loss (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26), tinnitus (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21-1.41) or both (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.52), compared with individuals with neither hearing loss nor tinnitus. Similar results were noted for anxiety (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.30 for hearing loss; HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22-1.43 for tinnitus; and HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30-1.68 for both). Hearing loss was associated with decreased overall brain volume as well as decreased volume of different brain regions. The latter associations disappeared after adjustment for whole intracranial volume. Tinnitus was associated with greater left accumbens and right occipital pole volume after adjustment for the whole intracranial volume.
    Conclusions: Individuals with tinnitus are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. Hearing loss, on the other hand, is associated with both mood disorders and altered brain morphology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2829557-2
    ISSN 2056-4724
    ISSN 2056-4724
    DOI 10.1192/bjo.2023.634
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Linking sarcopenia, brain structure and cognitive performance: a large-scale UK Biobank study.

    Gurholt, Tiril P / Borda, Miguel Germán / Parker, Nadine / Fominykh, Vera / Kjelkenes, Rikka / Linge, Jennifer / van der Meer, Dennis / Sønderby, Ida E / Duque, Gustavo / Westlye, Lars T / Aarsland, Dag / Andreassen, Ole A

    Brain communications

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) fcae083

    Abstract: Sarcopenia refers to age-related loss of muscle mass and function and is related to impaired somatic and brain health, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationships between sarcopenia, brain structure and cognition are ... ...

    Abstract Sarcopenia refers to age-related loss of muscle mass and function and is related to impaired somatic and brain health, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationships between sarcopenia, brain structure and cognition are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the associations between sarcopenic traits, brain structure and cognitive performance. We included 33 709 UK Biobank participants (54.2% female; age range 44-82 years) with structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, thigh muscle fat infiltration (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-1297
    ISSN (online) 2632-1297
    DOI 10.1093/braincomms/fcae083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.

    Bell, Christina / Rokicki, Jaroslav / Tesli, Natalia / Gurholt, Tiril P / Hjell, Gabriela / Fischer-Vieler, Thomas / Bang, Nina / Melle, Ingrid / Agartz, Ingrid / Andreassen, Ole A / Ringen, Petter Andreas / Rasmussen, Kirsten / Dahl, Hilde / Friestad, Christine / Haukvik, Unn K

    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience

    2024  

    Abstract: The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and ... ...

    Abstract The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits. 3T MRI scans (n = 628, all male 18-70 years) were obtained from PSY-V, n = 38, NPV, n = 20, non-violent psychosis patients (PSY-NV), n = 134, and healthy controls (HC), n = 436. The total hypothalamus volume and its eleven nuclei were delineated into five subunits using Freesurfer v7.3. Psychopathy traits were assessed with Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). ANCOVAs and linear regressions were used to analyze associations with subunit volumes. Both groups with a history of violence exhibited smaller anterior-superior subunit volumes than HC (NPV Cohen's d = 0.56, p = 0.01 and PSY-V d = 0.38, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between HC and PSY-NV. PCL-R scores were positively associated with the inferior tubular subunit on a trend level (uncorrected p = 0.045, Cohen's d = 0.04). We found distinct hypothalamic subunit volume reductions in persons with a history of violence independent of concomitant psychotic disorder but not in persons with psychosis alone. The results provide further information about the involvement of the hypothalamus in aggression, which ultimately may lead to the development of targeted treatment for the clinical and societal challenge of aggression and violent behavior.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045583-8
    ISSN 1433-8491 ; 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    ISSN (online) 1433-8491
    ISSN 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    DOI 10.1007/s00406-023-01725-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Microstructural White Matter and Links With Subcortical Structures in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Free-Water Imaging Approach.

    Gurholt, Tiril P / Haukvik, Unn K / Lonning, Vera / Jönsson, Erik G / Pasternak, Ofer / Agartz, Ingrid

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 56

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with often a chronic course. Neuroimaging studies report brain abnormalities in both white and gray matter structures. However, the relationship between microstructural white matter differences and volumetric ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with often a chronic course. Neuroimaging studies report brain abnormalities in both white and gray matter structures. However, the relationship between microstructural white matter differences and volumetric subcortical structures is not known. We investigated 30 long-term treated patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (mean age 51.1 ± 7.9 years, mean illness duration 27.6 ± 8.0 years) and 42 healthy controls (mean age 54.1 ± 9.1 years) using 3 T diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging. The free-water imaging method was used to model the diffusion signal, and subcortical volumes were obtained from FreeSurfer. We applied multiple linear regression to investigate associations between (i) patient status and regional white matter microstructure, (ii) medication dose or clinical symptoms on white matter microstructure in patients, and (iii) for interactions between subcortical volumes and diagnosis on microstructural white matter regions showing significant patient-control differences. The patients had significantly decreased free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00056
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Bio-psycho-social factors' associations with brain age: a large-scale UK Biobank diffusion study of 35,749 participants.

    Korbmacher, Max / Gurholt, Tiril P / de Lange, Ann-Marie G / van der Meer, Dennis / Beck, Dani / Eikefjord, Eli / Lundervold, Arvid / Andreassen, Ole A / Westlye, Lars T / Maximov, Ivan I

    Frontiers in psychology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1117732

    Abstract: Brain age refers to age predicted by brain features. Brain age has previously been associated with various health and disease outcomes and suggested as a potential biomarker of general health. Few previous studies have systematically assessed brain age ... ...

    Abstract Brain age refers to age predicted by brain features. Brain age has previously been associated with various health and disease outcomes and suggested as a potential biomarker of general health. Few previous studies have systematically assessed brain age variability derived from single and multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. Here, we present multivariate models of brain age derived from various diffusion approaches and how they relate to bio-psycho-social variables within the domains of sociodemographic, cognitive, life-satisfaction, as well as health and lifestyle factors in midlife to old age (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1117732
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Dissecting unique and common variance across body and brain health indicators using age prediction.

    Beck, Dani / de Lange, Ann-Marie G / Gurholt, Tiril P / Voldsbekk, Irene / Maximov, Ivan I / Subramaniapillai, Sivaniya / Schindler, Louise / Hindley, Guy / Leonardsen, Esten H / Rahman, Zillur / van der Meer, Dennis / Korbmacher, Max / Linge, Jennifer / Leinhard, Olof D / Kalleberg, Karl T / Engvig, Andreas / Sønderby, Ida / Andreassen, Ole A / Westlye, Lars T

    Human brain mapping

    2024  Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) e26685

    Abstract: Ageing is a heterogeneous multisystem process involving different rates of decline in physiological integrity across biological systems. The current study dissects the unique and common variance across body and brain health indicators and parses inter- ... ...

    Abstract Ageing is a heterogeneous multisystem process involving different rates of decline in physiological integrity across biological systems. The current study dissects the unique and common variance across body and brain health indicators and parses inter-individual heterogeneity in the multisystem ageing process. Using machine-learning regression models on the UK Biobank data set (N = 32,593, age range 44.6-82.3, mean age 64.1 years), we first estimated tissue-specific brain age for white and gray matter based on diffusion and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, respectively. Next, bodily health traits, including cardiometabolic, anthropometric, and body composition measures of adipose and muscle tissue from bioimpedance and body MRI, were combined to predict 'body age'. The results showed that the body age model demonstrated comparable age prediction accuracy to models trained solely on brain MRI data. The correlation between body age and brain age predictions was 0.62 for the T1 and 0.64 for the diffusion-based model, indicating a degree of unique variance in brain and bodily ageing processes. Bayesian multilevel modelling carried out to quantify the associations between health traits and predicted age discrepancies showed that higher systolic blood pressure and higher muscle-fat infiltration were related to older-appearing body age compared to brain age. Conversely, higher hand-grip strength and muscle volume were related to a younger-appearing body age. Our findings corroborate the common notion of a close connection between somatic and brain health. However, they also suggest that health traits may differentially influence age predictions beyond what is captured by the brain imaging data, potentially contributing to heterogeneous ageing rates across biological systems and individuals.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Male ; Aging/physiology ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Machine Learning ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Body Composition/physiology ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/anatomy & histology ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/anatomy & histology ; Bayes Theorem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1197207-5
    ISSN 1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
    ISSN (online) 1097-0193
    ISSN 1065-9471
    DOI 10.1002/hbm.26685
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  7. Article ; Online: Cardiometabolic health across menopausal years is linked to white matter hyperintensities up to a decade later.

    Schindler, Louise S / Subramaniapillai, Sivaniya / Ambikairajah, Ananthan / Barth, Claudia / Crestol, Arielle / Voldsbekk, Irene / Beck, Dani / Gurholt, Tiril P / Topiwala, Anya / Suri, Sana / Ebmeier, Klaus P / Andreassen, Ole A / Draganski, Bogdan / Westlye, Lars T / de Lange, Ann-Marie G

    Frontiers in global women's health

    2023  Volume 4, Page(s) 1320640

    Abstract: Introduction: The menopause transition is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor cardiometabolic health is further linked to microvascular brain lesions, which can be detected as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using T2-FLAIR ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The menopause transition is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor cardiometabolic health is further linked to microvascular brain lesions, which can be detected as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using T2-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Females show higher risk for WMHs post-menopause, but it remains unclear whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors underlie menopause-related increase in brain pathology.
    Methods: In this study, we assessed whether cross-sectional measures of cardiometabolic health, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood lipids, blood pressure, and long-term blood glucose (HbA1c), as well as longitudinal changes in BMI and WHR, differed according to menopausal status at baseline in 9,882 UK Biobank females (age range 40-70 years,
    Results: Postmenopausal females showed higher levels of baseline blood lipids (HDL
    Discussion: Our findings emphasise the importance of monitoring cardiometabolic risk factors in females from midlife through the menopause transition and into the postmenopausal phase, to ensure improved cerebrovascular outcomes in later years.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2673-5059
    ISSN (online) 2673-5059
    DOI 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1320640
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  8. Article ; Online: The oxytocin signalling gene pathway contributes to the association between loneliness and cardiometabolic health.

    Winterton, Adriano / Bettella, Francesco / Beck, Dani / Gurholt, Tiril P / Steen, Nils Eiel / Rødevand, Linn / Westlye, Lars T / Andreassen, Ole A / Quintana, Daniel S

    Psychoneuroendocrinology

    2022  Volume 144, Page(s) 105875

    Abstract: Increasing evidence has shown adverse effects of loneliness on cardiometabolic health. The neuromodulator and hormone oxytocin has traditionally been linked with social cognition and behaviour. However, recent implications of the oxytocin system in ... ...

    Abstract Increasing evidence has shown adverse effects of loneliness on cardiometabolic health. The neuromodulator and hormone oxytocin has traditionally been linked with social cognition and behaviour. However, recent implications of the oxytocin system in energy metabolism and the overrepresentation of metabolic issues in psychiatric illness suggests that oxytocin may represent a mechanism bridging mental and somatic traits. To clarify the role of the oxytocin signalling system in the link between cardiometabolic risk factors and loneliness, we calculated the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin signalling pathway gene-set (154 genes) to the polygenic architecture of loneliness and body mass index (BMI). We investigated the associations of these oxytocin signalling pathway polygenic scores with body composition measured using body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone mineral density (BMD), haematological markers, and blood pressure in a sample of just under half a million adults from the UK Biobank (BMD subsample n = 274,457; body MRI subsample n = 9796). Our analysis revealed significant associations of the oxytocin signalling pathway polygenic score for BMI with abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue, HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, and BMD. We also found an association between the oxytocin signalling pathway polygenic score for loneliness and apolipoprotein A1, the major protein component of HDL. Altogether, these results provide additional evidence for the oxytocin signalling pathway's role in energy metabolism, lipid homoeostasis, and bone density, and support oxytocin's complex pleiotropic effects.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Oxytocin/genetics
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, HDL ; Oxytocin (50-56-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197636-9
    ISSN 1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
    ISSN (online) 1873-3360
    ISSN 0306-4530
    DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105875
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  9. Article ; Online: Psychopathy subdomains in violent offenders with and without a psychotic disorder.

    Bell, Christina / Tesli, Natalia / Gurholt, Tiril P / Rokicki, Jaroslav / Hjell, Gabriela / Fischer-Vieler, Thomas / Melle, Ingrid / Agartz, Ingrid / Andreassen, Ole A / Ringen, Petter Andreas / Rasmussen, Kirsten / Dahl, Hilde / Friestad, Christine / Haukvik, Unn K

    Nordic journal of psychiatry

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 4, Page(s) 393–402

    Abstract: Background: Violence in psychosis has been linked to antisocial behavior and psychopathy traits. Psychopathy comprises aspects of interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial traits which may be differently involved in violent offending by ... ...

    Abstract Background: Violence in psychosis has been linked to antisocial behavior and psychopathy traits. Psychopathy comprises aspects of interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial traits which may be differently involved in violent offending by persons with psychotic disorders. We explored psychopathy subdomains among violent offenders with and without a psychotic disorder.
    Methods: 46 males, with a history of severe violence, with (
    Results: Total PCL-R scores did not differ between the groups (
    Conclusion: Patients with a psychotic disorder and a history of severe violence have lower affective psychopathy scores than violent offenders without psychotic disorders. This observation may point toward distinct underlying mechanisms for violence and may provide a target for focused treatment and prevention.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology ; Criminals/psychology ; Aggression/psychology ; Violence/psychology ; Psychotic Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104974-1
    ISSN 1502-4725 ; 0803-9488 ; 0029-1455
    ISSN (online) 1502-4725
    ISSN 0803-9488 ; 0029-1455
    DOI 10.1080/08039488.2022.2128869
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  10. Article ; Online: White matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence.

    Tesli, Natalia / Westlye, Lars T / Storvestre, Guttorm B / Gurholt, Tiril P / Agartz, Ingrid / Melle, Ingrid / Andreassen, Ole A / Haukvik, Unn K

    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience

    2019  Volume 271, Issue 4, Page(s) 623–634

    Abstract: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Neuroimaging research suggests SCZ to be a disorder of disrupted connectivity, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicating white matter (WM) ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Neuroimaging research suggests SCZ to be a disorder of disrupted connectivity, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicating white matter (WM) abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that SCZ patients with a history of violence (SCZ-V) have brain abnormalities distinguishing them from SCZ patients with no history of violence (SCZ-NV). Yet, a thorough investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of state and trait measures of violence and aggression in SCZ derived from DTI indices is lacking. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we compared DTI-derived microstructural indices: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial (AD) and radial diffusivity across the brain; (1) between SCZ-V (history of murder, attempted murder, or severe assault towards other people, n = 24), SCZ-NV (n = 52) and healthy controls (HC, n = 94), and (2) associations with current aggression scores among both SCZ groups. Then, hypothesis-driven region of interest analyses of the uncinate fasciculus and clinical characteristics including medication use were performed. SCZ-V and SCZ-NV showed decreased FA and AD in widespread regions compared to HC. There were no significant differences on any DTI-based measures between SCZ-V and SCZ-NV, and no significant associations between state or trait measures of aggression and any of the DTI metrics in the ROI analyses. The DTI-derived WM differences between SCZ and HC are in line with previous findings, but the results do not support the hypothesis of specific brain WM microstructural correlates of violence or aggression in SCZ.
    MeSH term(s) Anisotropy ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Violence ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045583-8
    ISSN 1433-8491 ; 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    ISSN (online) 1433-8491
    ISSN 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
    DOI 10.1007/s00406-019-00988-0
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