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  1. Article ; Online: A Robust Process to Produce Lignocellulosic Nanofibers from Corn Stover, Reed Canary Grass, and Industrial Hemp.

    Pascoli, Danielle Uchimura / Dichiara, Anthony / Gustafson, Rick / Bura, Renata

    Polymers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4

    Abstract: The use of agricultural waste biomass for nanocellulose production has gained interest due to its environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional bleached pulp feedstock. However, there is still a need to establish robust process ... ...

    Abstract The use of agricultural waste biomass for nanocellulose production has gained interest due to its environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional bleached pulp feedstock. However, there is still a need to establish robust process technologies that can accommodate the variability of waste feedstocks and to understand the effects of feedstock characteristics on the final nanofiber properties. Here, lignocellulosic nanofibers with unique properties are produced from various waste biomass based on a simple and low-cost process using mild operating conditions. The process robustness is demonstrated by diversifying the feedstock, ranging from food crop waste (corn stover) to invasive grass species (reed canary grass) and industrial lignocellulosic residues (industrial hemp). This comprehensive study provides a thorough examination of the influence of the feedstocks' physico-chemical characteristics on the conversion treatment, including process yield, degree of delignification, effectiveness of nanofibrillation, fiber morphology, surface charge, and density. Results show that nanofibers have been successfully produced from all feedstocks, with minor to no adjustments to process conditions. This work provides a framework for future studies to engineer nanocellulose with specific properties by taking advantage of biomass feedstocks' intrinsic characteristics to enable versatile applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527146-5
    ISSN 2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
    ISSN (online) 2073-4360
    ISSN 2073-4360
    DOI 10.3390/polym15040937
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Thesis: Epidemiological studies of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis

    Gustafson, Rolf

    (Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases : Supplementum ; 92)

    1994  

    Title variant tick borne
    Author's details Rolf Gustafson
    Series title Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases : Supplementum ; 92
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases ; Supplementum
    Collection Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases ; Supplementum
    Keywords Lyme Disease / epidemiology ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / epidemiology ; Lyme-Krankheit ; Epidemiologie ; Frühjahr-Sommer-Encephalitis
    Subject Krankheitsverbreitung ; Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis ; FSME ; Zeckenenzephalitis ; Zentraleuropäische Enzephalitis ; Mitteleuropäische Enzephalitis ; Russische Frühjahr-Sommerenzephalitis ; Frühjahrs-Sommerenzephalitis ; Tick borne encephalitis ; TBE ; Lyme-Borreliose ; Erythema-migrans-Krankheit ; Zeckenborreliose ; Borrelia-burgdorferi-Infektion ; Lyme disease
    Language English
    Size 63 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Scandinavian Univ. Press
    Publishing place Oslo u.a.
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Stockholm, Karolinska Inst., Diss., 1993
    HBZ-ID HT006272384
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    Zs A 600 -Suppl.92- verfügbar in Königswinter Königswinter

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  3. Book ; Thesis: Epidemiological studies of Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis

    Gustafson, Rolf

    1993  

    Title variant tick-borne
    Author's details av Rolf Gustafson
    Language English
    Size Getr. Zählung : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Stockholm, Karolinska Inst., Diss., 1993
    HBZ-ID HT005019950
    ISBN 91-628-0958-X ; 978-91-628-0958-4
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article: Mental health-related healthcare service utilisation and psychotropic drug dispensation trends in British Columbia during COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study.

    Zandy, Moe / El Kurdi, Sylvia / Samji, Hasina / McKee, Geoff / Gustafson, Reka / Smolina, Kate

    General psychiatry

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) e100941

    Abstract: Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's mental health is vital for informing public health policy and decision-making. However, information on mental health-related healthcare service utilisation trends beyond the first year ... ...

    Abstract Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's mental health is vital for informing public health policy and decision-making. However, information on mental health-related healthcare service utilisation trends beyond the first year of the pandemic is limited.
    Aims: We examined mental health-related healthcare service utilisation patterns and psychotropic drug dispensations in British Columbia, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based secondary analysis using administrative health data to capture outpatient physician visits, emergency department visits, hospital admissions and psychotropic drug dispensations. We examined time trends of mental health-related healthcare service utilisation and psychotropic drug dispensations between January to December 2019 (prepandemic period) and January 2020 to December 2021 (pandemic period). In addition, we calculated age-standardised rates and rate ratios to compare mental health-related healthcare service utilisation before and during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, stratified by year, sex, age and condition.
    Results: By late 2020, except for emergency department visits, utilisation of healthcare services recovered to prepandemic levels. Between 2019 and 2021, the monthly average rate for overall mental health-related outpatient physician visits, emergency department visits and psychotropic drug dispensations increased significantly by 24%, 5% and 8%, respectively. Notable and statistically significant increases were observed among 10-14 year-olds (44% in outpatient physician visits, 30% in emergency department visits, 55% in hospital admissions and 35% in psychotropic drug dispensations) and 15-19 year-olds (45% in outpatient physician visits, 14% in emergency department visits, 18% in hospital admissions and 34% in psychotropic drug dispensations). Additionally, these increases were more prominent among females than males, with some variation for specific mental health-related conditions.
    Conclusions: The increase in mental health-related healthcare service utilisation and psychotropic drug dispensations during the pandemic likely reflects significant societal consequences of both the pandemic and pandemic management measures. Recovery efforts in British Columbia should consider these findings, especially among the most affected subpopulations, such as adolescents.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2941976-1
    ISSN 2517-729X ; 2517-729X ; 2096-5923
    ISSN (online) 2517-729X
    ISSN 2517-729X ; 2096-5923
    DOI 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100941
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Lignocellulosic nanomaterials production from wheat straw via peracetic acid pretreatment and their application in plastic composites.

    Pascoli, Danielle U / Dichiara, Anthony / Roumeli, Eleftheria / Gustafson, Rick / Bura, Renata

    Carbohydrate polymers

    2022  Volume 295, Page(s) 119857

    Abstract: Cellulose nanofibrils are typically prepared from high-purity bleached pulp through harsh chemical treatments (e.g., TEMPO oxidation), resulting in high costs and environmental impact. In this work, we utilize inexpensive wheat straw feedstock and ... ...

    Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils are typically prepared from high-purity bleached pulp through harsh chemical treatments (e.g., TEMPO oxidation), resulting in high costs and environmental impact. In this work, we utilize inexpensive wheat straw feedstock and alkaline peroxide pulping followed by mild peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment to produce lignocellulosic nanomaterials (nano and microfibrils) with potential bioplastics applications. PAA was chosen due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and high reaction selectivity. As-synthesized lignocellulosic nanomaterials were thoroughly characterized and compared to nanofibrils produced via TEMPO oxidation pretreatment and then applied as reinforcing agents in plastic composites. A remarkable case of simultaneous strengthening and toughening of the polymer nanocomposite was achieved with high specific tensile strength (up to 59.5 MPa g
    MeSH term(s) Lignin ; Nanostructures ; Peracetic Acid ; Plastics ; Triticum/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Plastics ; lignocellulose (11132-73-3) ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Peracetic Acid (I6KPI2E1HD)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1501516-6
    ISSN 1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
    ISSN (online) 1879-1344
    ISSN 0144-8617
    DOI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119857
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  7. Article ; Online: Reconciling randomized trial evidence on proximal versus distal outcomes, with application to trials of influenza vaccination for healthcare workers.

    Gustafson, Reka / Gustafson, Paul / Daly, Patricia

    Statistics in medicine

    2019  Volume 38, Issue 22, Page(s) 4323–4333

    Abstract: When synthesizing the body of evidence concerning a clinical intervention, impacts on both proximal and distal outcome variables may be relevant. Assessments will be more defensible if results concerning a proximal outcome align with those concerning a ... ...

    Abstract When synthesizing the body of evidence concerning a clinical intervention, impacts on both proximal and distal outcome variables may be relevant. Assessments will be more defensible if results concerning a proximal outcome align with those concerning a corresponding distal outcome. We present a method to assess the coherence of empirical clinical trial results with biologic and mathematical first principles in situations where the intervention can only plausibly impact the distal outcome indirectly via the proximal outcome. The method comprises a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, where plausible ranges for key parameters are specified, resulting in a constellation of plausible pairs of estimated intervention effects, for the proximal and distal outcomes, respectively. Both outcome misclassification and sampling variability are reflected in the method. We apply our methodology in the context of cluster randomized trials to evaluate the impacts of vaccinating healthcare workers on the health of elderly patients, where the proximal outcome is suspected influenza and the distal outcome is death. However, there is scope to apply the method for other interventions in other disease areas.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Simulation ; Endpoint Determination/methods ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Probability ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 843037-8
    ISSN 1097-0258 ; 0277-6715
    ISSN (online) 1097-0258
    ISSN 0277-6715
    DOI 10.1002/sim.8299
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article ; Online: Resuming In-Person Classes under COVID-19: Evaluating Assigned Seating Protocols in Limiting Contacts at Postsecondary Institutions

    Daly-Grafstein, Daniel / Daly, Patricia / Gustafson, Reka

    medRxiv

    Abstract: In order to limit the spread of COVID-19, Canadian postsecondary institutions are offering the majority of classes online for the 2020-21 academic year. The goal of Canada9s public health pandemic response is to reduce severe illness and mortality from ... ...

    Abstract In order to limit the spread of COVID-19, Canadian postsecondary institutions are offering the majority of classes online for the 2020-21 academic year. The goal of Canada9s public health pandemic response is to reduce severe illness and mortality from COVID-19 while minimizing social disruption. To achieve this goal, post secondary institutions need practical tools to limit COVID-19 spread and facilitate contact tracing while returning students to in-person instruction. In this paper, we explore the impact of assigned seating for students attending in-person classes in reducing potential contacts. We conduct a variety of seating simulations using student enrollment data and measure the number of potential contacts under each scenario. We find that assigning seats to students significantly reduces the expected number of contacts relative to random seating, making the return to in-person classes more feasible under these scenarios.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.05.07.21256844
    Database COVID19

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  9. Article: Integration of wastewater treatment into process design of lignocellulosic biorefineries for improved economic viability.

    Tobin, Tyler / Gustafson, Rick / Bura, Renata / Gough, Heidi L

    Biotechnology for biofuels

    2020  Volume 13, Page(s) 24

    Abstract: Background: Production and use of bio-based products offer advantages over conventional petrochemicals, yet the relatively high cost of production has restricted their mainstream adoption. Optimization of wastewater treatment processes could reduce ... ...

    Abstract Background: Production and use of bio-based products offer advantages over conventional petrochemicals, yet the relatively high cost of production has restricted their mainstream adoption. Optimization of wastewater treatment processes could reduce capital expenditures, lowering the barrier to market entry for lignocellulosic biorefineries. This paper characterizes wastewater associated with lignocellulosic ethanol production and evaluates potential wastewater treatment operations.
    Results: It is found that organic material is intrinsic to bioconversion wastewater, representing up to 260 kg of biological oxygen demand per tonne of feedstock processed. Inorganics in the wastewater largely originate from additions during pretreatment and pH adjustments, which increase the inorganic loading by 44 kg per tonne of feedstock processed. Adjusting the ethanol production process to decrease addition of inorganic material could reduce the demands and therefore cost of waste treatment. Various waste treatment technologies-including those that take advantage of ecosystem services provided by feedstock production-were compared in terms of capital and operating costs, as well as technical feasibility.
    Conclusions: It is concluded that wastewater treatment technologies should be better integrated with conversion process design and feedstock production. Efforts to recycle resources throughout the biofuel supply chain through application of ecosystem services provided by adjacent feedstock plantations and recovery of resources from the waste stream to reduce overall capital and operating costs of bioconversion facilities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2421351-2
    ISSN 1754-6834
    ISSN 1754-6834
    DOI 10.1186/s13068-020-1657-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Novel ethanol production using biomass preprocessing to increase ethanol yield and reduce overall costs.

    Pascoli, Danielle Uchimura / Suko, Azra / Gustafson, Rick / Gough, Heidi L / Bura, Renata

    Biotechnology for biofuels

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 9

    Abstract: Background: Ethanol biorefineries need to lower their overall production costs to become economically feasible. Two strategies to achieve this are to reduce costs using cheaper feedstocks or to increase the ethanol production yield. Low-cost feedstocks ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ethanol biorefineries need to lower their overall production costs to become economically feasible. Two strategies to achieve this are to reduce costs using cheaper feedstocks or to increase the ethanol production yield. Low-cost feedstocks usually have high non-structural components (NSC) content; therefore, a new process is necessary to accommodate these feedstocks and overcome the negative effects of NSC. This study developed a novel ethanol biorefinery process including a biomass preprocessing step that enabled the use of lower-cost feedstocks while improving ethanol production without detoxification (overliming). Two types of poplar feedstocks were used, low-quality whole-tree chips (WTC) and high-quality clean pulp chips (CPC), to determine if the proposed process is effective while using feedstocks with different NSC contents.
    Results: Technical assessment showed that acidic preprocessing increased the monomeric sugar recovery of WTC from 73.2% (untreated) to 87.5% due to reduced buffering capacity of poplar, improved sugar solubilization during pretreatment, and better enzymatic hydrolysis conversion. Preprocessing alone significantly improved the fermentability of the liquid fraction from 1-2% to 49-56% for both feedstocks while overliming improved it to 45%. Consequently, it was proposed that preprocessing can substitute for the detoxification step. The economic assessment revealed that using poplar WTC via the new process increased annual ethanol production of 10.5 million liters when compared to using CPC via overliming (base case scenario). Also, savings in total operating costs were about $10 million per year when using cheaper poplar WTC instead of CPC, and using recycled water for preprocessing lowered its total operating costs by 45-fold.
    Conclusions: The novel process developed in this study was successful in increasing ethanol production while decreasing overall costs, thus facilitating the feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol biorefineries. Key factors to achieving this outcome included substituting overliming by preprocessing, enabling the use of lower-quality feedstock, increasing monomeric sugar recovery and ethanol fermentation yield, and using recycled water for preprocessing. In addition, preprocessing enabled the implementation of an evaporator-combustor downstream design, resulting in a low-loading waste stream that can be treated in a wastewater treatment plant with a simple configuration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2421351-2
    ISSN 1754-6834
    ISSN 1754-6834
    DOI 10.1186/s13068-020-01839-0
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