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Article ; Online: Estimating plume reach and trapping radii for male and female Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) captured in pheromone-kairomone baited traps in Washington State apple orchards under mating disruption.

Curtiss, R T / Nottingham, Louis / Gut, Larry J

2023 Volume 116, Issue 5, Page(s) 1592–1603

Abstract: Male Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dispersion has largely been studied in nonmating disrupted orchards due to synthetic pheromone interference with capture in monitoring traps. Little is known about female dispersion. This study aimed ... ...

Abstract	Male Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dispersion has largely been studied in nonmating disrupted orchards due to synthetic pheromone interference with capture in monitoring traps. Little is known about female dispersion. This study aimed to characterize male and female dispersion in mating disrupted commercial apple orchards. Sterile C. pomonella recapture data from single-trap multiple-release experiments using PHEROCON CM-DA COMBO + AA Lure-baited orange Pherocon VI delta traps was interpreted to determine pheromone-kairomone lure-baited trap effective area, trap deployment density for effective monitoring, and absolute male and female C. pomonella density in mating disrupted Washington commercial apple orchards. The maximum plume reach of the pheromone-kairomone lure in mating disrupted orchards was <5 m from the baited trap for both sexes. Maximum dispersive distances for 95% of the released C. pomonella in mating disrupted orchards were 106 and 135 m for males and females, yielding trapping areas of 3.87 and 6.16 ha, respectively. Estimates were consistent across 3 growing seasons and represent the first records of male and female dispersal distance and monitoring trap efficacy from commercial C. pomonella mating disrupted apple orchards. With relevance to commercial monitoring programs and economic thresholds in mating disrupted orchards, traps should be deployed at a density of 1 per 3-6 ha. Capture of a single male or female C. pomonella corresponds to at least 82-104 C. pomonella within the 3-6 ha trapping area. This refined C. pomonella capture interpretation in pheromone-kairomone baited traps in mating disrupted commercial apple orchards yields more precise damage estimates and assists in insecticide-use decision making.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Animals ; Pheromones/pharmacology ; Malus ; Washington ; Insect Control ; Moths ; Sex Attractants/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Pheromones ; Sex Attractants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	1938-291X ; 0022-0493
ISSN (online)	1938-291X
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toad167
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Article ; Online: Impact of Background Fruit Odors on Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Its Symbiotic Yeast.

Huang, Juan / Gut, Larry J

Journal of insect science (Online)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 2

Abstract: Background odors produced by plants in the environment can interfere with the response of insects to a point-releasing attractant, especially when their compositions overlap. In this study, a series of binary choice tests was conducted in a wind tunnel ... ...

Abstract	Background odors produced by plants in the environment can interfere with the response of insects to a point-releasing attractant, especially when their compositions overlap. In this study, a series of binary choice tests was conducted in a wind tunnel to investigate whether background odors emitted from cherry, blueberry, blackberry, or raspberry fruits would affect the level of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) attraction to its symbiotic yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae). Whether an increase in the intensity of background odors would affect the attractiveness of H. uvarum to D. suzukii was also investigated, either by increasing the number of cherry or raspberry fruit per cup or by increasing the number of fruit cups surrounding the cup baited with the yeast. In wind tunnel assays, background fruit odors interfering with D. suzukii attraction to the yeast varied among fruit types. Raspberry odor inhibited the attractiveness of H. uvarum to the fly the most, followed by blackberry odor, whereas cherry and blueberry odors had no significant impact on the attraction. An increase in the intensity of odors by adding more cherry or raspberry fruit per cup did not increase the impact of fruit odor on the attraction; however, adding more raspberry cups around H. uvarum linearly decreased its attractiveness, suggesting that background host fruit abundance and likely increase in host odor may influence D. suzukii attraction to yeast odor depending on host species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Assay/methods ; Blueberry Plants/physiology ; Drosophila/microbiology ; Drosophila/physiology ; Fruit/physiology ; Hanseniaspora ; Odorants ; Prunus avium/physiology ; Rubus/physiology ; Saccharomycetales ; Symbiosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2049098-7
ISSN	1536-2442 ; 1536-2442
ISSN (online)	1536-2442
ISSN	1536-2442
DOI	10.1093/jisesa/ieab016
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Article: Attraction of Choristoneura rosaceana to pheromone blends in ratios produced in glands or emitted by females

Huang, Juan / Gut, Larry J. / Grieshop, Matthew J.

Journal of applied entomology. 2022 July, v. 146, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Trap captures of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to pheromone blends in ratios approximating those reported in pheromone glands and a novel blend based on a volatile headspace collection from live virgin females were evaluated ...

Abstract	Trap captures of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to pheromone blends in ratios approximating those reported in pheromone glands and a novel blend based on a volatile headspace collection from live virgin females were evaluated in field experiments in Michigan apple orchards. In an initial field trapping study, pheromone lures composed of either a three‐ or four‐component blend approximation of the blend present in female pheromone glands at doses ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/lure were compared. The four‐component blend was a combination of (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14:Ac), (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐14:Ac), (Z)‐11‐tetradecenol (Z11‐14:OH) and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenal (Z11‐14:Al) in a ratio of 96.5:1.8:1.4:0.2, respectively, while the three‐component blend lacked Z11‐14:Al. Pheromone emissions by groups of virgin females and commercial lures were collected in the laboratory and analysed by gas chromatography. These data were used to formulate a new pheromone lure that was compared to a commercial lure in a second trapping study. In the first field study, traps baited with 10 mg pheromones or above captured significantly more moths than traps baited with 1 mg or less, regardless of the blend. Surprisingly, groups of virgin females only emitted two detectable pheromone components, Z11‐14:Ac and Z11‐14:OH in a ratio of 37:63, which was substantially different from the blends detected in pheromone glands in the literature. The newly formulated pheromone lure based on females’ emission was more than twice as attractive as the commercial lure which emitted a 74:5:21 three‐component blend of Z11‐14:Ac, E11‐14:Ac and Z11‐14:OH. Our results suggested that the actual pheromones released by females may not translate directly to the content of pheromone glands.
Keywords	Choristoneura rosaceana ; acetates ; apples ; entomology ; gas chromatography ; headspace analysis ; pheromone traps ; Michigan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 734-742.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	631360-7
ISSN	1439-0418 ; 0044-2240 ; 0931-2048
ISSN (online)	1439-0418
ISSN	0044-2240 ; 0931-2048
DOI	10.1111/jen.13012
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Article ; Online: Fungicide Exposure in Honey Bee Hives Varies By Time, Worker Role, and Proximity to Orchards in Spring.

Perkins, Jacquelyn A / Kim, Kyungmin / Gut, Larry J / Sundin, George W / Wilson, Julianna K

Journal of economic entomology

2023 Volume 116, Issue 2, Page(s) 435–446

Abstract: Fungicides are commonly applied to prevent diseases in eastern North American cherry orchards at the same time that honey bees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) are rented for pollination services. Fungicide exposure in honey bees can cause ... ...

Abstract	Fungicides are commonly applied to prevent diseases in eastern North American cherry orchards at the same time that honey bees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) are rented for pollination services. Fungicide exposure in honey bees can cause negative health effects. To measure fungicide exposure, we sampled commercial honey bee colonies during orchard bloom at two commercial tart cherry orchards and one holding yard in northern Michigan over two seasons. Nurse bees, foragers, larvae, pollen, bee bread, and wax were screened for captan, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate-methyl. We also looked at the composition of pollens collected by foragers during spring bloom. We found differences in fungicide residue levels between nurse bees and foragers, with higher captan levels in nurse bees. We also found that residue levels of chlorothalonil in workers were significantly increased during tart cherry bloom, and that nurse bees from hives adjacent to orchards had significantly higher chlorothalonil residues than nurse bees from hives kept in a holding yard. Our results suggest that fungicide exposure of individual honey bees depends greatly on hive location in relation to mass-flowering crops, and worker role (life stage) at the time of collection. In some pollen samples, captan and chlorothalonil were detected at levels known to cause negative health effects for honey bees. This study increases our understanding of exposure risk for bees under current bloom time orchard management in this region. Further research is needed to balance crop disease management requirements with necessary pollination services and long-term pollinator health.
MeSH term(s)	Bees ; Animals ; Fungicides, Industrial ; Captan ; Seasons ; Nitriles ; Prunus avium ; Pollination
Chemical Substances	Fungicides, Industrial ; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (J718M71A7A) ; Captan (EOL5G26Q9F) ; Nitriles
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	1938-291X ; 0022-0493
ISSN (online)	1938-291X
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toad008
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Article: Predicting the Risk of Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus) Infestation by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Wilson, Julianna K. / Gut, Larry J. / Powers, Karen / Huang, Juan / Rothwell, Nikki

Journal of economic entomology. 2022 Aug. 19, v. 115, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a vinegar fly native to East Asia that has rapidly expanded its range to become a pest of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, L. 1753 [Rosales: Rosaceae]) and tart cherry (P. cerasus, L. 1753) in ... ...

Abstract	Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a vinegar fly native to East Asia that has rapidly expanded its range to become a pest of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, L. 1753 [Rosales: Rosaceae]) and tart cherry (P. cerasus, L. 1753) in North America and Europe. The goal of the research presented herein was to improve the decision-making process for managing D. suzukii in tart cherry. Knowing that D. suzukii females are attracted to ripening fruit, we measured fruit infestation by D. suzukii as it relates to an existing fruit development model that uses full bloom as a biofix, calculating accumulated growing degree days (GDD) with a lower threshold of 4°C. Increasing larval infestation was highly correlated with fruit development expressed as GDD post-bloom with very few larvae developing in fruit subjected to no-choice assays prior to 530 GDD (base 4°C) and no larvae detected in naturally infested fruit prior to 800 GDD. Our findings provide the first quantification of the relationship between fruit development and D. suzukii infestation that allows for pinpointing the timing of fruit susceptibility and that could be used as the basis for a more sustainable management program for this pest in tart cherry orchards.
Keywords	Drosophila suzukii ; Prunus avium ; Prunus cerasus ; decision making ; entomology ; flowering ; fruiting ; fruits ; larvae ; models ; pests ; risk ; East Asia ; Europe ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0819
Size	p. 1024-1028.
Publishing place	Entomological Society of America
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	0022-0493
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toac024
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Article ; Online: Predicting the Risk of Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus) Infestation by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Wilson, Julianna K / Gut, Larry J / Powers, Karen / Huang, Juan / Rothwell, Nikki

Journal of economic entomology

2022 Volume 115, Issue 4, Page(s) 1024–1028

Abstract	Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a vinegar fly native to East Asia that has rapidly expanded its range to become a pest of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, L. 1753 [Rosales: Rosaceae]) and tart cherry (P. cerasus, L. 1753) in North America and Europe. The goal of the research presented herein was to improve the decision-making process for managing D. suzukii in tart cherry. Knowing that D. suzukii females are attracted to ripening fruit, we measured fruit infestation by D. suzukii as it relates to an existing fruit development model that uses full bloom as a biofix, calculating accumulated growing degree days (GDD) with a lower threshold of 4°C. Increasing larval infestation was highly correlated with fruit development expressed as GDD post-bloom with very few larvae developing in fruit subjected to no-choice assays prior to 530 GDD (base 4°C) and no larvae detected in naturally infested fruit prior to 800 GDD. Our findings provide the first quantification of the relationship between fruit development and D. suzukii infestation that allows for pinpointing the timing of fruit susceptibility and that could be used as the basis for a more sustainable management program for this pest in tart cherry orchards.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila ; Female ; Fruit ; Insect Control ; Larva ; Prunus avium ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	1938-291X ; 0022-0493
ISSN (online)	1938-291X
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toac024
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Article ; Online: Field releases of the exotic parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and survey of native parasitoids attacking Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Michigan.

Simaz, Olivia / Michaelson, Julie / Wilson, Julianna K / Talamas, Elijah / Gut, Larry / Pote, John / Szűcs, Marianna

Environmental entomology

2023 Volume 52, Issue 6, Page(s) 998–1007

Abstract: An adventive population of the exotic parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), discovered in Michigan in 2018, is a promising biological control agent of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). ... ...

Abstract	An adventive population of the exotic parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), discovered in Michigan in 2018, is a promising biological control agent of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Following its discovery, field releases of Tr. japonicus were conducted over 2 yr in southern Michigan, to test how release size or release frequency impacts establishment. Sentinel eggs of H. halys and of the native Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were used alongside yellow sticky cards to monitor parasitoids. In 2019 and 2020, 7,200 Tr. japonicus were released at 16 sites. Monitoring between 2019 and 2021 yielded only 49 individuals. The captures suggest reproductive activity and overwintering success in the field but do not allow for evaluation of best release methods. Parasitism by native parasitoids was below 7%, which is similar to other states and unlikely to provide sufficient control of H. halys. The placement of sentinel eggs or sticky traps either in the lower or middle canopy of trees did not influence parasitoid capture rates. Frozen and fresh H. halys sentinel eggs were attacked at the same rate, but more native parasitoids emerged from frozen eggs. We did not find signs of nontarget effects on P. maculiventris thus parasitism rates overall were very low. These results could indicate dispersal of Tr. japonicus from the release sites or slow population growth. The latter may be due to the relatively low densities of H. halys in Michigan or may stem from the small founding size of our laboratory colony.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Michigan ; Heteroptera ; Wasps ; Trees ; Reproduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120799-4
ISSN	1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
ISSN (online)	1938-2936
ISSN	0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
DOI	10.1093/ee/nvad102
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Article ; Online: Impact of Multiple Applications of Insecticides and Post-harvest Washing on Residues at Harvest and Associated Risk for Cherry Export

VanWoerkom, Anthony H. / Whalon, Mark E. / Gut, Larry J. / Kunkel, Daniel L. / Wise, John C.

International Journal of Fruit Science. 2022 Dec. 31, v. 22, no. 1 p.346-357

2022

Abstract: Residue profiling was used to determine the degradation curves of four key insecticides registered for use in US tart cherries. Single and multiple application treatment regimens with minimum and maximum seasonal applications were tested for their ... ...

Abstract	Residue profiling was used to determine the degradation curves of four key insecticides registered for use in US tart cherries. Single and multiple application treatment regimens with minimum and maximum seasonal applications were tested for their effects on residue levels at harvest. The effects of the cherry washing procedure were also tested. The residue profiles suggest that fenpropathrin, cyantraniliprole, phosmet, and spinetoram would be relatively low risk for US tart cherry growers to use when exporting from the US to most prospective international markets. Fenpropathrin exceeded the European Union’s MRL at harvest for single or multiple applications and unwashed or washed treatments, making fenpropathrin a moderate risk for export to the EU.
Keywords	European Union ; Prunus cerasus ; cherries ; cyantraniliprole ; exports ; fenpropathrin ; fruits ; phosmet ; risk ; Maximum residue levels ; insecticide ; Residue ; cherry ; export
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1231
Size	p. 346-357.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2235787-7
ISSN	1553-8621 ; 1553-8362
ISSN (online)	1553-8621
ISSN	1553-8362
DOI	10.1080/15538362.2022.2039839
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Article ; Online: Comparative response of two seasonal spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) morphs to different classes of insecticides

Seong, Keon Mook / Sun, Weilin / Huang, Juan / Gut, Larry / Kim, Young Ho / Pittendrigh, Barry R.

Entomological Research. 2022 Nov., v. 52, no. 11 p.504-512

2022

Abstract: Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Drosophilidae) is a devasting invasive pest affecting berry crops and cherry production throughout North America, South America, and Europe. This species has two different morph phenotypes, winter and summer morphs, which ... ...

Abstract	Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Drosophilidae) is a devasting invasive pest affecting berry crops and cherry production throughout North America, South America, and Europe. This species has two different morph phenotypes, winter and summer morphs, which are temperature dependent. Chemical control is the most widely used management approach for managing the spotted wing drosophila, D. suzukii. Little is known regarding the differential response of the two seasonal morphs to insecticides. In this study, we identified a high number of differentially expressed genes likely involved in phase I, II, and III of detoxification pathways and other cuticular proteins in winter morphs as compared to summer morphs. Specifically, several detoxification genes (phase I: Cyp4e3, Cyp4s3, Cyp6d5, Cyp49a1, Cyp318a1; phase II: GstD10, Ugt35Bb, Ugt37b1, Ugt58Fa; phase III: Mdr65) were overexpressed more than two‐fold in winter morph. Additionally, we determined the median lethal concentration, LC₅₀, values of Malathion, Cyantraniliprole, Imidan, Zeta‐cypermethrin, and Spinetoram insecticides to compare the insecticide susceptibility against two seasonal morphs of D. suzukii. For most of the pesticides tested, there were no differences between the LC₅₀ values, between summer and winter morphs, however, we found that winter morph exhibited an LC₅₀ value of Spinetoram 3.7‐fold, significantly higher than that of the summer morph. Overall, we demonstrated that seasonally induced different morphological phenotypes may result in different transcriptional response of phases I, II, and III of the detoxification pathways and other cuticular proteins. However, we found different responses to at least one insecticide, Spinetoram. It remains to be determined what are underlying physiological differences that lead to these changes in response to Spinetoram.
Keywords	Drosophila suzukii ; chemical control ; cherries ; cyantraniliprole ; gene expression regulation ; insecticide resistance ; lethal concentration 50 ; malathion ; pests ; research ; summer ; temperature ; transcription (genetics) ; winter ; Europe ; North America ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 504-512.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2227607-5
ISSN	1748-5967 ; 1738-2297
ISSN (online)	1748-5967
ISSN	1738-2297
DOI	10.1111/1748-5967.12624
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Article: Population distribution and density of Antestiopsis thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the coffee growing regions of Rwanda in relation to climatic variables

Bigirimana, Joseph / Gut, Larry J / Uzayisenga, Bellancile

Elsevier Ltd Crop protection. 2019 Aug., v. 122

2019

Abstract: Antestia bug, Antestiopsis thunbergii (Gmelin, 1970) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most damaging pests of coffee (Coffea arabica, L.) worldwide, except in central and south America. A two – year study was conducted to assess the distribution ... ...

Abstract	Antestia bug, Antestiopsis thunbergii (Gmelin, 1970) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most damaging pests of coffee (Coffea arabica, L.) worldwide, except in central and south America. A two – year study was conducted to assess the distribution and the density of Antestia bug in the coffee growing regions of Rwanda, and to determine the effects of climatic variables on density of Antestia bug. 205 farms were surveyed in 2016 and 191 farms in 2017. The density and damage of Antestia bug were quantified and climatic variables including temperature, rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were recorded. Antestia bug was distributed in all coffee growing regions of Rwanda, during both study periods. Over both years, the highest density was recorded in the northern region of the country while the lowest was recorded in the eastern region. The economic damage due to Antestia bug ranged from 0 to 92% and from 0 to 81% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that temperature and rainfall significantly influenced pest density. However, wind speed was not significantly associated with the density of Antestia bug. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated three distinct groupings. Coffee regions that received higher, regular rains had a higher population of Antestia bug than where rains were erratic. Similarly, the areas where temperature was consistently high had high densities of Antestia bug. Wind speed was highly and negatively related to principal component one. This study indicated the need to intensify control measures against Antestia bug. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on density and damage of Antestia bug and other coffee pests needs further research.
Keywords	Antestiopsis ; climate change ; climatic factors ; Coffea arabica ; control methods ; farms ; pests ; population distribution ; principal component analysis ; rain ; regression analysis ; relative humidity ; temperature ; wind speed ; Rwanda
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 136-141.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	786839-x
ISSN	1873-6904 ; 0261-2194
ISSN (online)	1873-6904
ISSN	0261-2194
DOI	10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.029
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