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Book ; Online: Associations of air pollution on the brain in children: a brain imaging study

Guxens, Mònica / Lubczyńska, Małgorzata J. / Pérez-Crespo, Laura / Muetzel, Ryan L. / El Marroun, Hanan / Basagaña, Xavier / Hoek, Gerard / Tiemeier, Henning

with a critique by the HEI Review Committee

(Research report / Health Effects Institute ; 209)

2022

Author's details	Mònica Guxens, Małgorzata J. Lubczyńska, Laura Pérez-Crespo, Ryan L. Muetzel, Hanan El Marroun, Xavier Basagaña, Gerard Hoek, Henning Tiemeier
Series title	Research report / Health Effects Institute ; 209
Collection
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (ix, 64 Seiten), Illustrationen, Karten
Publisher	Health Effects Institut
Publishing place	Boston, Mass
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021262100
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Exposure to Traffic Density during Pregnancy and Birth Weight in a National Cohort, 2000-2017.

Canto, Marcelle Virginia / Guxens, Mònica / Ramis, Rebeca

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 14

Abstract: The variation on birth weight is associated with several outcomes early on in life and low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Some environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as particulate matters and other traffic- ... ...

Abstract	The variation on birth weight is associated with several outcomes early on in life and low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Some environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as particulate matters and other traffic-related pollutants can have a significant effect on pregnant women and fetuses. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of exposure to traffic density during pregnancy over birth weight in Spain, from 2000-2017. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the information from Spain Birth Registry Statistics database. The traffic density was measured using the Annual average daily traffic. Multivariate linear regression models using birth weight and traffic density were performed, as well as a logistic regression model to estimated Odds ratios for LBW and GAM models to evaluate the non-linear effect. Our findings showed that increases in traffic density were associated with reduction of birth weight and increases of LBW risk. Moreover, exposure to high and very-high traffic-density during pregnancy were associated with reduction of birth weight and increase on LBW risk comparing with exposure to low number of cars trespassing the neighborhoods. The results of this study agree with previous literature and highlights the need of effective policies for reducing traffic density in residential neighborhoods of cities and towns.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Birth Weight ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Exposure ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19148611
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Exposure to outdoor residential noise during pregnancy, embryonic size, fetal growth, and birth outcomes

Graafland, Naomi / Essers, Esmée / Posthumus, Anke / Gootjes, Dionne / Ambrós, Albert / Steegers, Eric / Guxens, Mònica

Environment International. 2023 Jan., v. 171 p.107730-

2023

Abstract: Previous literature suggested that noise exposure during pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, no studies evaluated the association between noise exposure and embryonic and fetal growth, or mutually assessed other urban ... ...

Abstract	Previous literature suggested that noise exposure during pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, no studies evaluated the association between noise exposure and embryonic and fetal growth, or mutually assessed other urban environmental exposures such as traffic-related air pollution or natural spaces. We included 7947 pregnant women from the Generation R Study, the Netherlands. We estimated total (road traffic, aircraft, railway, and industry), road traffic, and railway noise at the participants' home addresses during pregnancy using environmental noise maps. We estimated traffic-related air pollution using land-use regression models, greenness within a 300 m buffer using the normalized difference vegetation index, and distance to blue spaces using topographical maps at the home addresses. Embryonic size (crown-rump length) and fetal growth parameters (head circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight) were measured by ultrasound at several gestational ages. Information on neonatal anthropometrics at birth (head circumference, length, and weight) and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age) were retrieved from medical records. Higher total noise exposure during pregnancy was associated with larger crown-rump length (0.07 SDS [95%CI 0.00 to 0.14]). No association was found with fetal growth parameters, neonatal anthropometrics, and adverse birth outcomes. Similar results were observed for road traffic noise exposure, while railway noise exposure was not associated with any of the outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution was not associated with crown-rump length. Total noise exposure mediated 15% of the association between exposure to greenness and smaller crown-rump length. No association was observed between distance to blue spaces and total noise exposure. Exposure to outdoor residential noise during pregnancy was associated with larger embryonic size. Moreover, a reduction of total noise exposure during pregnancy partially mediated the association between exposure to greenness and smaller embryonic size. Additional research is warranted to confirm and further understand these novel findings.
Keywords	air pollution ; aircraft ; environment ; femur ; fetal development ; head circumference ; industry ; land use ; low birth weight ; noise pollution ; normalized difference vegetation index ; pregnancy ; premature birth ; railroads ; small for gestational age ; traffic ; ultrasonics ; Netherlands ; Environmental pollution ; Development ; Cohort study ; Road traffic noise
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2023.107730
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Outdoor residential noise exposure and sleep in preadolescents from two European birth cohorts

Pérez-Crespo, Laura / Essers, Esmée / Foraster, Maria / Ambrós, Albert / Tiemeier, Henning / Guxens, Mònica

Environmental Research. 2023 May, v. 225 p.115502-

2023

Abstract: To examine whether outdoor residential exposure to annual average road traffic and multiple (i.e., road traffic, railway, aircraft, industry) noise levels is related with preadolescents' sleep using maternal-reported and wrist-actigraphy data in two ... ...

Abstract	To examine whether outdoor residential exposure to annual average road traffic and multiple (i.e., road traffic, railway, aircraft, industry) noise levels is related with preadolescents' sleep using maternal-reported and wrist-actigraphy data in two European birth cohorts. This cross-sectional study used data of 1245 preadolescents from the Dutch Generation R Study and 232 from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell cohort with a mean age of 12.3 years old. We used noise maps to assess average outdoor road traffic and multiple noise levels (day-evening-night noise indicator, LDEN) at each child's residential address for the year before the sleep assessment. Sleep disturbances were reported by mothers through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and objectively recorded using GeneActiv wrist-actigraphy during seven subsequent days. Linear and Poisson regression models adjusted for several potential confounding variables were performed. The mean (SD) exposure to road traffic noise was 53.2 dB (7.3) in the Generation R Study and 61.3 dB (5.9) in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Exposure to road traffic was related with reduced total sleep time and longer wake after sleep onset (e.g. −3.62 min (95%CI -6.87; −0.37) and 6.88 min (95%CI 1.15; 12.61) per an increase of 10 dB in road traffic noise, respectively) collected by wrist-actigraphy. We observed no association between road traffic exposure and maternal-reported sleep disturbances. Results were similar for multiple noise exposure. These findings indicate that sleep may be compromised for preadolescents living in areas highly exposed to outdoor residential noise. Future studies using longitudinal designs to further explore these associations during the different stages of sleep development across childhood and adolescence are warranted. Also, wrist-actigraphy measurements which provide more accurate information and may be complementary to the parental- and self-reported data should be considered.
Keywords	adolescence ; aircraft ; childhood ; children ; cross-sectional studies ; industry ; noise pollution ; railroads ; research ; sleep deprivation ; traffic ; Transportation noise ; Sleep disorders ; Actigraphy ; Birth cohort
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115502
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Article ; Online: Exposure to outdoor residential noise during pregnancy, embryonic size, fetal growth, and birth outcomes.

Graafland, Naomi / Essers, Esmée / Posthumus, Anke / Gootjes, Dionne / Ambrós, Albert / Steegers, Eric / Guxens, Mònica

Environment international

2023 Volume 171, Page(s) 107730

Abstract: Introduction: Previous literature suggested that noise exposure during pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, no studies evaluated the association between noise exposure and embryonic and fetal growth, or mutually assessed ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Previous literature suggested that noise exposure during pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, no studies evaluated the association between noise exposure and embryonic and fetal growth, or mutually assessed other urban environmental exposures such as traffic-related air pollution or natural spaces. Methods: We included 7947 pregnant women from the Generation R Study, the Netherlands. We estimated total (road traffic, aircraft, railway, and industry), road traffic, and railway noise at the participants' home addresses during pregnancy using environmental noise maps. We estimated traffic-related air pollution using land-use regression models, greenness within a 300 m buffer using the normalized difference vegetation index, and distance to blue spaces using topographical maps at the home addresses. Embryonic size (crown-rump length) and fetal growth parameters (head circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight) were measured by ultrasound at several gestational ages. Information on neonatal anthropometrics at birth (head circumference, length, and weight) and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age) were retrieved from medical records. Results: Higher total noise exposure during pregnancy was associated with larger crown-rump length (0.07 SDS [95%CI 0.00 to 0.14]). No association was found with fetal growth parameters, neonatal anthropometrics, and adverse birth outcomes. Similar results were observed for road traffic noise exposure, while railway noise exposure was not associated with any of the outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution was not associated with crown-rump length. Total noise exposure mediated 15% of the association between exposure to greenness and smaller crown-rump length. No association was observed between distance to blue spaces and total noise exposure. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor residential noise during pregnancy was associated with larger embryonic size. Moreover, a reduction of total noise exposure during pregnancy partially mediated the association between exposure to greenness and smaller embryonic size. Additional research is warranted to confirm and further understand these novel findings.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Premature Birth/chemically induced ; Noise/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Fetal Development ; Air Pollutants/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2023.107730
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Article ; Online: Outdoor residential noise exposure and sleep in preadolescents from two European birth cohorts.

Pérez-Crespo, Laura / Essers, Esmée / Foraster, Maria / Ambrós, Albert / Tiemeier, Henning / Guxens, Mònica

Environmental research

2023 Volume 225, Page(s) 115502

Abstract: Objective: To examine whether outdoor residential exposure to annual average road traffic and multiple (i.e., road traffic, railway, aircraft, industry) noise levels is related with preadolescents' sleep using maternal-reported and wrist-actigraphy data ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine whether outdoor residential exposure to annual average road traffic and multiple (i.e., road traffic, railway, aircraft, industry) noise levels is related with preadolescents' sleep using maternal-reported and wrist-actigraphy data in two European birth cohorts. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data of 1245 preadolescents from the Dutch Generation R Study and 232 from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell cohort with a mean age of 12.3 years old. We used noise maps to assess average outdoor road traffic and multiple noise levels (day-evening-night noise indicator, L Results: The mean (SD) exposure to road traffic noise was 53.2 dB (7.3) in the Generation R Study and 61.3 dB (5.9) in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Exposure to road traffic was related with reduced total sleep time and longer wake after sleep onset (e.g. -3.62 min (95%CI -6.87; -0.37) and 6.88 min (95%CI 1.15; 12.61) per an increase of 10 dB in road traffic noise, respectively) collected by wrist-actigraphy. We observed no association between road traffic exposure and maternal-reported sleep disturbances. Results were similar for multiple noise exposure. Conclusions: These findings indicate that sleep may be compromised for preadolescents living in areas highly exposed to outdoor residential noise. Future studies using longitudinal designs to further explore these associations during the different stages of sleep development across childhood and adolescence are warranted. Also, wrist-actigraphy measurements which provide more accurate information and may be complementary to the parental- and self-reported data should be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Birth Cohort ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Noise, Transportation/adverse effects ; Sleep ; Environmental Exposure
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115502
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Article: Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood, cognitive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents

Kusters, Michelle S.W. / Essers, Esmée / Muetzel, Ryan / Ambrós, Albert / Tiemeier, Henning / Guxens, Mònica

Environmental research. 2022 Nov., v. 214

2022

Abstract: Exposure to air pollution may impact neurodevelopment during childhood, but current evidence on the association with cognitive function and mental health is inconclusive and primarily focusses on young children. Therefore, we aim to study the association ...

Abstract	Exposure to air pollution may impact neurodevelopment during childhood, but current evidence on the association with cognitive function and mental health is inconclusive and primarily focusses on young children. Therefore, we aim to study the association of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. We used data from 5170 participants of a birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Concentrations of fourteen air pollutants at participant's home addresses were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, using land use regression models. We included four cognitive domains (processing speed, working memory, fluid reasoning and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ)) and an estimated full-scale IQ. Internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems were self- and parent-reported. We used linear regression models to assess the association of each air pollutant, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems, adjusting for socioeconomic status and lifestyle characteristics. Then, we performed multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm. Air pollution exposure was not associated with full-scale IQ, working memory, or processing speed. Higher exposure to few air pollutants was associated with higher fluid reasoning and verbal IQ scores (e.g. 0.22 points of fluid reasoning (95%CI 0.00; 0.44) per 1 μg/m³ increase in organic carbon during pregnancy). Higher exposure to some air pollutants was also associated with less internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems (e.g. −0.27 internalizing problems (95% CI -0.52; −0.02) per each 5 ng/m³ increase in copper during pregnancy). Higher exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood was not associated with lower cognitive function or more emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Based on previous literature and biological plausibility, the observed protective associations are probably explained by negative residual confounding, selection bias, or chance and do not represent a causal relationship.
Keywords	air ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; algorithms ; childhood ; cognition ; copper ; land use ; lifestyle ; memory ; mental health ; neurodevelopment ; organic carbon ; pregnancy ; regression analysis ; research ; socioeconomic status ; Netherlands
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113891
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Article: The association between air pollutants and hippocampal volume from magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Balboni, Erica / Filippini, Tommaso / Crous-Bou, Marta / Guxens, Mònica / Erickson, Lance D. / Vinceti, Marco

Environmental research. 2022 Mar., v. 204

2022

Abstract: Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that air pollution may increase the risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of neurodegeneration and an important diagnostic biomarker is volume reduction of a key brain structure, the ...

Abstract	Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that air pollution may increase the risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of neurodegeneration and an important diagnostic biomarker is volume reduction of a key brain structure, the hippocampus. We aimed to investigate the possibility that outdoor air nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM₂.₅) and ≤10 μm (PM₁₀) adversely affect hippocampal volume, through a meta-analysis. We considered studies that assessed the relation between outdoor air pollution and hippocampal volume by structural magnetic resonance imaging in adults and children, searching in Pubmed and Scopus databases from inception through July 13, 2021. For inclusion, studies had to report the correlation coefficient along with its standard error or 95% confidence interval (CI) between air pollutant exposure and hippocampal volume, to use standard space for neuroimages, and to consider at least age, sex and intracranial volume as covariates or effect modifiers. We meta-analyzed the data with a random-effects model, considering separately adult and child populations. We retrieved four eligible studies in adults and two in children. In adults, the pooled summary β regression coefficients of the association of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀ and NO₂ with hippocampal volume showed respectively a stronger association (summary β −7.59, 95% CI −14.08 to −1.11), a weaker association (summary β −2.02, 95% CI −4.50 to 0.47), and no association (summary β −0.44, 95% CI −1.27 to 0.40). The two studies available for children, both carried out in preadolescents, did not show an association between PM₂.₅ and hippocampal volume. The inverse association between PM₂.₅ and hippocampal volume in adults appeared to be stronger at higher mean PM₂.₅ levels. Our results suggest that outdoor PM₂.₅ and less strongly PM₁₀ could adversely affect hippocampal volume in adults, a phenomenon that may explain why air pollution has been related to memory loss, cognitive decline, and dementia.
Keywords	adults ; air ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; biomarkers ; children ; cognitive disorders ; confidence interval ; dementia ; hippocampus ; magnetism ; memory disorders ; meta-analysis ; neurodegenerative diseases ; nitrogen dioxide ; particulates ; research ; risk ; statistical models ; systematic review
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2021.111976
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Article: Environmental noise exposure and emotional, aggressive, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related symptoms in children from two European birth cohorts

Essers, Esmée / Pérez-Crespo, Laura / Foraster, Maria / Ambrós, Albert / Tiemeier, Henning / Guxens, Mònica

Environment international. 2022 Jan., v. 158

2022

Abstract: Environmental noise exposure is increasing but limited research has been done on the association with emotional, aggressive, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms in children. To analyze the association between prenatal and ...

Abstract	Environmental noise exposure is increasing but limited research has been done on the association with emotional, aggressive, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms in children. To analyze the association between prenatal and childhood environmental noise exposure and emotional, aggressive, and ADHD-related symptoms in children from two European birth cohorts. We included 534 children from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell Project and 7424 from the Dutch Generation R Study. Average 24 h noise exposure at the participants’ home address during pregnancy and childhood periods were estimated using EU maps from road traffic noise and total noise (road, aircraft, railway, and industry). Symptom outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Child Behavioral Checklist, ADHD Criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition List, and Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised at 4, 7 and 9 years (INMA-Sabadell cohort) and 18 months, 3, 5, and 9 years (Generation R Study). Adjusted linear mixed models of prenatal and repeated childhood noise exposure with repeated symptom outcomes were run separately by cohort and overall estimates were combined with random-effects meta-analysis. Average prenatal and childhood road traffic noise exposure levels were 61.3 (SD 6.1) and 61.7 (SD 5.8) for INMA-Sabadell and 54.6 (SD 7.9) and 51.6 (SD 7.1) for Generation R, respectively. Prenatal and childhood road traffic noise exposure were not associated with emotional, aggressive, or ADHD-related symptoms. No heterogeneity was observed between cohorts and results were comparable for total noise exposure. No association was observed between prenatal or childhood road traffic or total noise exposure and symptom outcomes in children. Future studies should include a more comprehensive noise exposure assessment considering noise sensitivity and noise exposure at different settings such as work for pregnant women and school for children.
Keywords	aircraft ; childhood ; children ; environment ; exposure assessment ; industry ; meta-analysis ; noise pollution ; pregnancy ; questionnaires ; railroads ; traffic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2021.106946
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Article ; Online: Lifetime prevalence and temporal trends of incidence of child's mental disorder diagnoses in Catalonia, Spain.

Kusters, Michelle S W / Pérez-Crespo, Laura / Canals, Josefa / Guxens, Mònica

Spanish journal of psychiatry and mental health

2021 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–31

Abstract: Introduction: Most mental disorders have its onset during childhood, but less than one third of affected children seek professional help. The aim of this study is to (1) estimate the lifetime prevalence of mood, anxiety, conduct, and eating disorder ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Most mental disorders have its onset during childhood, but less than one third of affected children seek professional help. The aim of this study is to (1) estimate the lifetime prevalence of mood, anxiety, conduct, and eating disorder diagnoses in 18-year-olds in 2017 and (2) the temporal trends of incidence diagnosis rates in 2009-2017 in children aged 2-18 in Catalonia, Spain. Material and methods: We used a registry-based cohort including all children aged 2-18 living in Catalonia in 2009-2017, from the Catalan Health Service. Cases were identified with ICD-9 codes. Lifetime prevalence was calculated for 2017, and annual incidence for 2009-2017. Temporal trends were analyzed with multivariate negative binomial regression models. Results: Lifetime prevalence of diagnoses was highest for conduct disorders (5.05%), followed by anxiety (4.37%), mood (3.07%), and eating disorders (2.11%). Median age of diagnosis was 16 years for mood, anxiety and eating disorders, and 15 years for conduct disorders. Comorbidity was present in 20.74% of those diagnosed with a mental disorder. Annual incidence rates for all disorders increased in 2011-2013/2014, and then stabilized. However, incidence rate of anxiety diagnoses in 13-18-year-old children doubled between 2016 and 2017. Conclusions: Lifetime prevalence of diagnoses are lower than the expected rates of mental disorders based on interview/survey European studies. Further research is needed into the factors underlying (1) the underdiagnoses of mental disorders in children and (2) the increasing trend of anxiety disorder diagnoses in older children.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Incidence ; Spain/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-09
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2950-2853
ISSN (online)	2950-2853
DOI	10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.02.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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