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Book ; Online: Did the Black Death reach the Kingdom of Poland in the middle of the 14th century?

Guzowski, Piotr

2021

Abstract: The Black Death is regarded as a turning point in late medieval European history. Recent studies have shown that even regions that have so far been perceived in the literature as not or only marginally affected by the epidemic, suffered from its profound ...

Abstract	The Black Death is regarded as a turning point in late medieval European history. Recent studies have shown that even regions that have so far been perceived in the literature as not or only marginally affected by the epidemic, suffered from its profound demographic and economic consequences. The scale and geographical range of the plague in Central Europe, the Kingdom of Poland included remains, however, a matter of dispute and from the beginning scholar's views on this matter have been divided. What is particularly important, the outbreak of the plague in Western Europe coincided with the reign of Casimir of the Piast dynasty, the only ruler of Poland to receive the nickname the Great, who is associated with the modernization and extraordinary development of his kingdom which was entering the golden age of its history.
Keywords	Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Publishing date	2021-11-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Anthropocene history of rich fen acidification in W Poland - Causes and indicators of change.

Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika / Kołaczek, Piotr / Czerwiński, Sambor / Gałka, Mariusz / Guzowski, Piotr / Lamentowicz, Mariusz

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 838, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 155785

Abstract: In the time of the global climate crisis, it is vital to protect and restore peatlands to maintain their functioning as carbon sinks. Otherwise, their transformations may trigger a shift to a carbon source state and further contribute to global warming. ... ...

Abstract	In the time of the global climate crisis, it is vital to protect and restore peatlands to maintain their functioning as carbon sinks. Otherwise, their transformations may trigger a shift to a carbon source state and further contribute to global warming. In this study, we focused on eutrophication, which resulted in the transition from rich fen to poor fen conditions on the Kazanie fen (central Greater Poland, western Poland Central Europe). The prior aim was to decipher how i) climate, ii) human, and iii) autogenic processes influenced the pathway of peatland changes in the last ca. 250 years. We applied a high-resolution palaeoecological analysis, based mainly on testate amoebae (TA) and plant macroremains. Our results imply that before ca. 1950 CE, dry shifts on the fen were generally climate-induced. Later, autogenic processes, human pressure and climate warming synergistically affected the fen, contributing to its transition to poor fen within ca. 30 years. Its establishment not only caused changes in vegetation but also altered TA taxonomic content and resulted in a lower diversity of TA. According to our research Microchlamyspatella is an incredibly sensitive testate amoeba that after ca. 200 years of presence, disappeared within 2 years due to changes in water and nutrient conditions. As a whole, our study provides a long-term background that is desired in modern conservation studies and might be used to define future restoration targets. It also confirms the already described negative consequences connected with unsustainable exploitation of nature.
MeSH term(s)	Amoeba ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Poland ; Wetlands
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155785
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Article ; Online: Reply to 'Reduction in grain pollen indicates population decline, but not necessarily Black Death mortality'.

Izdebski, A / Bauch, M / Guzowski, P / Mensing, S / Mercuri, A M / Newfield, T / Piovesan, G / Sadori, L / Vignola, C / Masi, A

Nature ecology & evolution

2022 Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) 1628–1629

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Plague ; Pollen
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-022-01863-3
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Article ; Online: How Joannites' economy eradicated primeval forest and created anthroecosystems in medieval Central Europe.

Lamentowicz, Mariusz / Marcisz, Katarzyna / Guzowski, Piotr / Gałka, Mariusz / Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin / Kołaczek, Piotr

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 18775

Abstract: During European states' development, various past societies utilized natural resources, but their impact was not uniformly spatially and temporally distributed. Considerable changes resulted in landscape fragmentation, especially during the Middle Ages. ... ...

Abstract	During European states' development, various past societies utilized natural resources, but their impact was not uniformly spatially and temporally distributed. Considerable changes resulted in landscape fragmentation, especially during the Middle Ages. Changes in state advances that affected the local economy significantly drove trajectories of ecosystems' development. The legacy of major changes from pristine forest to farming is visible in natural archives as novel ecosystems. Here, we present a high-resolution densely dated multi-proxy study covering the last 1500 years from a peatland located in CE Europe. The economic activity of medieval societies was highly modified by new rulers-the Joannites (the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller). We studied the record of these directorial changes noted in the peat profile. Our research revealed a rapid critical land-use transition in the late Middle Ages and its consequences on the peatland ecosystem. The shift from the virgin forest with regular local fires to agriculture correlates well with the raising of local economy and deforestations. Along with the emerging openness, the wetland switched from alkaline wet fen state to acidic, drier Sphagnum-dominated peatland. Our data show how closely the ecological state of wetlands relates to forest microclimate. We identified a significant impact of the Joannites who used the novel farming organization. Our results revealed the surprisingly fast rate of how feudal economy eliminated pristine nature from the studied area and created novel anthroecosystems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-75692-4
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Article ; Online: The role of Medieval road operation on cultural landscape transformation

Słowiński, M. / Brauer, A. / Guzowski, P. / Związek, T. / Obremska, M. / Theuerkauf, M. / Dietze, E. / Schwab, M. / Tjallingii, R. / Czaja, R. / Ott, F. / Błaszkiewicz, M.

Scientific Reports

2021

Abstract: Connecting pathways are essential for cultural and economic exchange. Commonly, historians investigate the role of routes for cultural development, whereas the environmental impacts of historical routes attract less attention. Here, we present a high- ... ...

Abstract	Connecting pathways are essential for cultural and economic exchange. Commonly, historians investigate the role of routes for cultural development, whereas the environmental impacts of historical routes attract less attention. Here, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of the impact of the major trade route via Marchionis in the southern Baltic lowlands on landscape evolution since more than 800 years. We combine precisely dated annually laminated sediments from Lake Czechowskie alongside via Marchionis and pollen data at 5-year resolution together with historical data. The transformation from a quasi-natural to a cultural landscape occurred in three phases (1) an early phase until the mid-fourteenth century with slowly increasing human impact. (2) an intensification of environmental disturbance until (3) the mid-nineteenth century when via Marchionis became a modern traffic route with strong environmental impacts. Superimposed on the long-term development were repeated interruptions by short-term downturns related to societal crisis and political decisions.
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The role of Medieval road operation on cultural landscape transformation.

Słowiński, Michał / Brauer, Achim / Guzowski, Piotr / Związek, Tomasz / Obremska, Milena / Theuerkauf, Martin / Dietze, Elizabeth / Schwab, Markus / Tjallingii, Rik / Czaja, Roman / Ott, Florian / Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 20876

Abstract	Connecting pathways are essential for cultural and economic exchange. Commonly, historians investigate the role of routes for cultural development, whereas the environmental impacts of historical routes attract less attention. Here, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of the impact of the major trade route via Marchionis in the southern Baltic lowlands on landscape evolution since more than 800 years. We combine precisely dated annually laminated sediments from Lake Czechowskie alongside via Marchionis and pollen data at 5-year resolution together with historical data. The transformation from a quasi-natural to a cultural landscape occurred in three phases (1) an early phase until the mid-fourteenth century with slowly increasing human impact. (2) an intensification of environmental disturbance until (3) the mid-nineteenth century when via Marchionis became a modern traffic route with strong environmental impacts. Superimposed on the long-term development were repeated interruptions by short-term downturns related to societal crisis and political decisions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-00090-3
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Article ; Online: History meets palaeoscience: Consilience and collaboration in studying past societal responses to environmental change.

Haldon, John / Mordechai, Lee / Newfield, Timothy P / Chase, Arlen F / Izdebski, Adam / Guzowski, Piotr / Labuhn, Inga / Roberts, Neil

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2018 Volume 115, Issue 13, Page(s) 3210–3218

Abstract: History and archaeology have a well-established engagement with issues of premodern societal development and the interaction between physical and cultural environments; together, they offer a holistic view that can generate insights into the nature of ... ...

Abstract	History and archaeology have a well-established engagement with issues of premodern societal development and the interaction between physical and cultural environments; together, they offer a holistic view that can generate insights into the nature of cultural resilience and adaptation, as well as responses to catastrophe. Grasping the challenges that climate change presents and evolving appropriate policies that promote and support mitigation and adaptation requires not only an understanding of the science and the contemporary politics, but also an understanding of the history of the societies affected and in particular of their cultural logic. But whereas archaeologists have developed productive links with the paleosciences, historians have, on the whole, remained muted voices in the debate until recently. Here, we suggest several ways in which a consilience between the historical sciences and the natural sciences, including attention to even distant historical pasts, can deepen contemporary understanding of environmental change and its effects on human societies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1716912115
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Zs.A 1148: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Towards a rigorous understanding of societal responses to climate change.

Degroot, Dagomar / Anchukaitis, Kevin / Bauch, Martin / Burnham, Jakob / Carnegy, Fred / Cui, Jianxin / de Luna, Kathryn / Guzowski, Piotr / Hambrecht, George / Huhtamaa, Heli / Izdebski, Adam / Kleemann, Katrin / Moesswilde, Emma / Neupane, Naresh / Newfield, Timothy / Pei, Qing / Xoplaki, Elena / Zappia, Natale

Nature

2021 Volume 591, Issue 7851, Page(s) 539–550

Abstract: A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming, natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational collapses among human societies. This scholarship, which we term the ' ... ...

Abstract	A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming, natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational collapses among human societies. This scholarship, which we term the 'history of climate and society' (HCS), is pursued by researchers from a wide range of disciplines, including archaeologists, economists, geneticists, geographers, historians, linguists and palaeoclimatologists. We argue that, despite the wide interest in HCS, the field suffers from numerous biases, and often does not account for the local effects and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of past climate changes or the challenges of interpreting historical sources. Here we propose an interdisciplinary framework for uncovering climate-society interactions that emphasizes the mechanics by which climate change has influenced human history, and the uncertainties inherent in discerning that influence across different spatiotemporal scales. Although we acknowledge that climate change has sometimes had destructive effects on past societies, the application of our framework to numerous case studies uncovers five pathways by which populations survived-and often thrived-in the face of climatic pressures.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Civilization/history ; Climate Change/economics ; Climate Change/history ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Droughts ; Energy-Generating Resources ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Politics ; Rain ; Research/trends ; Social Change/history ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-03190-2
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 9: Show issues
Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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Book ; Online: On the economic impact of droughts in Central Europe. The decade from 1531 to 1540 from the Polish perspective

Związek, Tomasz / Guzowski, Piotr / Poniat, Radosław / Radomski, Maciej Tomasz / Kozłowska-Szyc, Monika / Panecki, Tomasz / Słowińska, Sandra / Kruczkowska, Bogusława / Targowski, Michał / Adamska, Dagmara

eISSN: 1814-9332

2021

Abstract: The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So far, the literature ...

Abstract	The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So far, the literature has been more focused on Western and Northern Europe, while as regards the region of Central Europe, the greatest attention was paid to the Czech Republic or Hungary. This article revolves around the Polish lands, which experienced their greatest economic boom in the 16th century. We consider whether and how the droughts of the decade from 1531 to 1540 might have affected the country’s economic development. We analyze a number of written sources which are the product of the treasury apparatus of the time (tax registers, data from water customs, tax exemptions, inventories of land estates etc.), but also information on fluctuations in product prices in the most important cities in this part of Europe. The work not only provides a detailed account of economic data, but also attempts to reflect on the relevance of linking information on fires in urban centres in the period characterized by weather extremes.
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic.

Izdebski, A / Guzowski, P / Poniat, R / Masci, L / Palli, J / Vignola, C / Bauch, M / Cocozza, C / Fernandes, R / Ljungqvist, F C / Newfield, T / Seim, A / Abel-Schaad, D / Alba-Sánchez, F / Björkman, L / Brauer, A / Brown, A / Czerwiński, S / Ejarque, A /

Fiłoc, M / Florenzano, A / Fredh, E D / Fyfe, R / Jasiunas, N / Kołaczek, P / Kouli, K / Kozáková, R / Kupryjanowicz, M / Lagerås, P / Lamentowicz, M / Lindbladh, M / López-Sáez, J A / Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R / Marcisz, K / Mazier, F / Mensing, S / Mercuri, A M / Milecka, K / Miras, Y / Noryśkiewicz, A M / Novenko, E / Obremska, M / Panajiotidis, S / Papadopoulou, M L / Pędziszewska, A / Pérez-Díaz, S / Piovesan, G / Pluskowski, A / Pokorny, P / Poska, A / Reitalu, T / Rösch, M / Sadori, L / Sá Ferreira, C / Sebag, D / Słowiński, M / Stančikaitė, M / Stivrins, N / Tunno, I / Veski, S / Wacnik, A / Masi, A

Nature ecology & evolution

2022 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 297–306

Abstract: The Black Death (1347-1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe's population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic's causative agent ( ... ...

Abstract	The Black Death (1347-1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe's population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic's causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, 'big data palaeoecology', which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death's mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death's mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA, Ancient ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/history ; Plague/epidemiology ; Plague/history ; Plague/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Ancient
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-021-01652-4
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