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Article ; Online: Trust the gut: Outcomes of gut microbiota transplant in metabolic and cognitive disorders.

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / La Rosa, Federica / Iozzo, Patricia

2023 Volume 149, Page(s) 105143

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is ... ...

Abstract	Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Preventive strategies should address predisposing conditions, like obesity and metabolic syndrome, and be started from very early and even prenatal life. Gut microbiota is an emerging target in obesity, diabetes and neurocognitive diseases, which could be safely modulated since pregnancy and infancy. Many correlative studies have supported its involvement in disease pathophysiology. Faecal material transplantation (FMT) studies have been conducted in clinical and preclinical settings to deliver cause-effect proof and mechanistic insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies in which FMT was used to cure or cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, including the evidence available in early life. Findings were analysed to dissect consolidated from controversial results, highlighting gaps and possible future directions.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Trust ; Obesity/therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105143
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Article: Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Granziera, Federico / Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Iozzo, Patricia

Nutrients. 2021 Oct. 22, v. 13, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children’s cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ...

Abstract	Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children’s cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive outcomes in 54 preschool children belonging to the Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC). We estimated groups of foods, nutrients and calorie intakes through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Italian national databases. Then, we adopted the Mediterranean diet (MD) score to assess relative MD adherence. Cognition was examined using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER). We found that higher, compared to low and moderate, adherence to MD was associated with higher performance scores. Furthermore, white meat consumption was positively related to BMI, and BMI (age–gender specific, z-scores) categories were negatively related to practical reasoning scores. All associations were independent of maternal IQ estimates, parents’ socioeconomic status, exclusive/non-exclusive breastfeeding, actual age at cognitive assessment and gender. In conclusion, in preschool children, very high adherence to MD seemed protective, whereas BMI (reinforced by the intake of white meat) was negatively associated with cognition.
Keywords	Mediterranean diet ; body mass index ; breast feeding ; cognition ; cognitive development ; eating habits ; food consumption ; food frequency questionnaires ; gender ; meat ; meat consumption ; socioeconomic status
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1022
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13113723
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Imaging of brain glucose uptake by PET in obesity and cognitive dysfunction: life-course perspective.

Iozzo, Patricia / Guzzardi, Maria Angela

Endocrine connections

2019 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) R169–R183

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and keeps growing. Obesity seems implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and vice versa. Growing scientific efforts are being devoted to the ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and keeps growing. Obesity seems implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and vice versa. Growing scientific efforts are being devoted to the identification of central mechanisms underlying the frequent association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction. Glucose brain handling undergoes dynamic changes during the life-course, suggesting that its alterations might precede and contribute to degenerative changes or signaling abnormalities. Imaging of the glucose analog 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) by positron emission tomography (PET) is the gold-standard for the assessment of cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. This review summarizes the current literature addressing brain glucose uptake measured by PET imaging, and the effect of insulin on brain metabolism, trying to embrace a life-course vision in the identification of patterns that may explain (and contribute to) the frequent association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction. The current evidence supports that brain hypermetabolism and brain insulin resistance occur in selected high-risk conditions as a transient phenomenon, eventually evolving toward normal or low values during life or disease progression. Associative studies suggest that brain hypermetabolism predicts low BDNF levels, hepatic and whole body insulin resistance, food desire and an unfavorable balance between anticipated reward from food and cognitive inhibitory control. Emerging mechanistic links involve the microbiota and the metabolome, which correlate with brain metabolism and cognition, deserving attention as potential future prevention targets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2668428-7
ISSN	2049-3614
ISSN	2049-3614
DOI	10.1530/EC-19-0348
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Article ; Online: Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children.

Granziera, Federico / Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Iozzo, Patricia

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children's cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ...

Abstract	Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children's cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive outcomes in 54 preschool children belonging to the Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC). We estimated groups of foods, nutrients and calorie intakes through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Italian national databases. Then, we adopted the Mediterranean diet (MD) score to assess relative MD adherence. Cognition was examined using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER). We found that higher, compared to low and moderate, adherence to MD was associated with higher performance scores. Furthermore, white meat consumption was positively related to BMI, and BMI (age-gender specific, z-scores) categories were negatively related to practical reasoning scores. All associations were independent of maternal IQ estimates, parents' socioeconomic status, exclusive/non-exclusive breastfeeding, actual age at cognitive assessment and gender. In conclusion, in preschool children, very high adherence to MD seemed protective, whereas BMI (reinforced by the intake of white meat) was negatively associated with cognition.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition/physiology ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13113723
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Article ; Online: Brain functional imaging in obese and diabetic patients.

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Iozzo, Patricia

Acta diabetologica

2018 Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–144

Abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with greater risk of brain damage. Over the last decade, functional imaging techniques (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, positron emission tomography, PET, electroencephalography, ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with greater risk of brain damage. Over the last decade, functional imaging techniques (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, positron emission tomography, PET, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near infrared spectroscopy) have been exploited to better characterize behavioral and cognitive processes, by addressing cerebral reactions to a variety of stimuli or tasks, including hormones and substrates (e.g., glucose, insulin, gut peptides), environmental cues (e.g., presentation of sensory stimuli), and cognitive tasks. Among these techniques, fMRI and PET are most commonly used, and this review focuses on results obtained with these techniques in relation to brain substrate metabolism, appetite control and food intake, and cognitive decline in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The available knowledge indicates that there are a series of cerebral abnormalities associating with, or preceding obesity and type 2 diabetes, including impaired substrate handling, insulin resistance, disruption of inter-organ cross-talk and of resting state networking. Some of these abnormalities are reversed by metabolic interventions, suggesting that they are partly a consequence rather than cause of disease. Therefore, causal implications and mechanisms remain to be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology ; Functional Neuroimaging/classification ; Functional Neuroimaging/methods ; Humans ; Obesity/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1097676-0
ISSN	1432-5233 ; 0940-5429
ISSN (online)	1432-5233
ISSN	0940-5429
DOI	10.1007/s00592-018-1185-0
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Article: Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs White and Brown Adipose Tissues In Vivo in Mice, with Different Metabolic and Microbiota Patterns in Obesity-Susceptible or Obesity-Resistant Offspring.

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Collado, Maria Carmen / Panetta, Daniele / Tripodi, Maria / Iozzo, Patricia

Metabolites

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. ... ...

Abstract	Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. Imaging of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo12090828
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Article ; Online: Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease.

Rebelos, Eleni / Iozzo, Patricia / Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Brunetto, Maurizia Rossana / Bonino, Ferruccio

World journal of gastroenterology

2021 Volume 27, Issue 30, Page(s) 4999–5018

Abstract: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death, such as cardiovascular, digestive, metabolic, neoplastic and neuro-degenerative diseases. However, progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation, which acts as disease accelerator. Our review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver, where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important role. Special emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography, as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue metabolism. An exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver, dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4999
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Article: Exclusive Breastfeeding Predicts Higher Hearing-Language Development in Girls of Preschool Age

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Granziera, Federico / Sanguinetti, Elena / Ditaranto, Francesca / Muratori, Filippo / Iozzo, Patricia

Nutrients. 2020 Aug. 02, v. 12, no. 8

2020

Abstract: Cognitive disorders are increasing in prevalence. Nutritional or metabolic stressors during early life, and female sex, are predisposing conditions towards the development of cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Though there is evidence ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive disorders are increasing in prevalence. Nutritional or metabolic stressors during early life, and female sex, are predisposing conditions towards the development of cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Though there is evidence that breastfeeding may play a beneficial role in children’s neurocognitive development, the literature remains controversial. In this study we aimed at assessing the association between exclusive breastfeeding and children’s cognitive development from six months to five years of age, addressing sex differences. In 80 mother-child pairs from the Pisa birth cohort (PISAC), we measured cognitive development in groups of children of 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 60 months by Griffiths Mental Development Scales, parents’ intelligence quotient (IQ) by Raven’s progressive matrices, and maternal and infants’ anthropometric parameters. We found that exclusive breastfeeding was associated with higher hearing-language development in five years old girls, independent of maternal IQ, age and BMI (body mass index). Exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life seemed sufficient to establish this positive relationship. In conclusion, our data indicate that exclusive breastfeeding is a positive predictor of cognitive development in preschool-age girls, paving the way for the implementation of sex-specific cognitive disease risk detection and prevention strategies from early life. Further studies are warranted to explore causality and longer term effects.
Keywords	age ; body mass index ; breast feeding ; cognition ; cognitive development ; detection ; females ; literature ; prevalence ; risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0802
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12082320
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Evidence of a Gastro-Duodenal Effect on Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolism, Potentially Mediated by Gut-Liver Inflammation: A Study with Positron Emission Tomography and Oral

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / La Rosa, Federica / Campani, Daniela / Cacciato Insilla, Andrea / Nannipieri, Monica / Brunetto, Maurizia Rossana / Bonino, Ferruccio / Iozzo, Patricia

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 5

Abstract: Interventions affecting gastrointestinal (GI) physiology suggest that the GI tract plays an important role in modulating the uptake of ingested glucose by body tissues. We aimed at validating the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with ... ...

Abstract	Interventions affecting gastrointestinal (GI) physiology suggest that the GI tract plays an important role in modulating the uptake of ingested glucose by body tissues. We aimed at validating the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with oral
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/metabolism ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hepatitis/metabolism ; Inflammation/diagnostic imaging ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Lipids ; Mice ; Positron-Emission Tomography
Chemical Substances	Lipids ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23052659
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Article ; Online: Cross-Talk Between Adipose Tissue Health, Myocardial Metabolism and Vascular Function: The Adipose-Myocardial and Adipose-Vascular Axes.

Iozzo, Patricia / Guzzardi, Maria Angela

Current pharmaceutical design

2015 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–67

Abstract: Alterations in myocardial metabolism and blood flow have been described in patients with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and cardiomyopathies, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis or prognosis of cardiac conditions. Adipose tissue ... ...

Abstract	Alterations in myocardial metabolism and blood flow have been described in patients with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and cardiomyopathies, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis or prognosis of cardiac conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction occurs in the above categories of patients. Adipose tissue plays a fundamental role in the modulation and selection of nutrients reaching the myocardium, and adipocytes secrete adipokines and other molecules affecting myocardial metabolism and regulating vascular function. In turn, the myocardium secretes a series of peptides affecting adipose tissue metabolism, and adipose tissue vascularization and perfusion contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue health. This review addresses the reciprocal interaction linking adipose tissue to myocardial metabolism and vascular function. We summarize evidence of factors released by adipose tissue that affect cardiac metabolism and vice versa. Then, we address the role of adipose tissue in regulating vascular health, and examine whether adipose tissue hypoperfusion is causative or defensive of adipose tissue dysfunction.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Myocardium/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-06
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612822666151109111834
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