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  1. Article: Large Fugitive Methane Emissions From Urban Centers Along the U.S. East Coast.

    Plant, Genevieve / Kort, Eric A / Floerchinger, Cody / Gvakharia, Alexander / Vimont, Isaac / Sweeney, Colm

    Geophysical research letters

    2019  Volume 46, Issue 14, Page(s) 8500–8507

    Abstract: Urban emissions remain an underexamined part of the methane budget. Here we present and interpret aircraft observations of six old and leak-prone major cities along the East Coast of the United States. We use direct observations of methane ( ... ...

    Abstract Urban emissions remain an underexamined part of the methane budget. Here we present and interpret aircraft observations of six old and leak-prone major cities along the East Coast of the United States. We use direct observations of methane (CH
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7403-2
    ISSN 0094-8276
    ISSN 0094-8276
    DOI 10.1029/2019GL082635
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Methane, Black Carbon, and Ethane Emissions from Natural Gas Flares in the Bakken Shale, North Dakota.

    Gvakharia, Alexander / Kort, Eric A / Brandt, Adam / Peischl, Jeff / Ryerson, Thomas B / Schwarz, Joshua P / Smith, Mackenzie L / Sweeney, Colm

    Environmental science & technology

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 5317–5325

    Abstract: Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. ... ...

    Abstract Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. We use airborne data of plume samples from 37 unique flares in the Bakken region of North Dakota in May 2014 to calculate emission factors for BC, methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane. We find no clear relationship between emission factors and aircraft-level wind speed or between methane and BC emission factors. Observed median combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according to the US EPA (98%). However, we find that the efficiency distribution is skewed, exhibiting log-normal behavior. This suggests incomplete combustion from flares contributes almost 1/5 of the total field emissions of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was representative. BC emission factors also have a skewed distribution, but we find lower emission values than previous studies. The direct observation for the first time of a heavy-tail emissions distribution from flares suggests the need to consider skewed distributions when assessing flare impacts globally.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants ; Carbon ; Ethane ; Methane ; Natural Gas ; North Dakota
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Natural Gas ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Ethane (L99N5N533T) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05183
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Top-Down Constraints on Methane Point Source Emissions From Animal Agriculture and Waste Based on New Airborne Measurements in the U.S. Upper Midwest.

    Yu, Xueying / Millet, Dylan B / Wells, Kelley C / Griffis, Timothy J / Chen, Xin / Baker, John M / Conley, Stephen A / Smith, Mackenzie L / Gvakharia, Alexander / Kort, Eric A / Plant, Genevieve / Wood, Jeffrey D

    Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences

    2019  Volume 125, Issue 1

    Abstract: Agriculture and waste are thought to account for half or more of the U.S. anthropogenic methane source. However, current bottom-up inventories contain inherent uncertainties from extrapolating limited in situ measurements to larger scales. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract Agriculture and waste are thought to account for half or more of the U.S. anthropogenic methane source. However, current bottom-up inventories contain inherent uncertainties from extrapolating limited in situ measurements to larger scales. Here, we employ new airborne methane measurements over the U.S. Corn Belt and Upper Midwest, among the most intensive agricultural regions in the world, to quantify emissions from an array of key agriculture and waste point sources. Nine of the largest concentrated animal feeding operations in the region and two sugar processing plants were measured, with multiple revisits during summer (August 2017), winter (January 2018), and spring (May-June 2018). We compare the top-down fluxes with state-of-science bottom-up estimates informed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology and site-level animal population and management practices. Top-down point source emissions are consistent with bottom-up estimates for beef concentrated animal feeding operations but moderately lower for dairies (by 37% on average) and significantly lower for sugar plants (by 80% on average). Swine facility results are more variable. The assumed bottom-up seasonality for manure methane emissions is not apparent in the aircraft measurements, which may be due to on-site management factors that are difficult to capture accurately in national-scale inventories. If not properly accounted for, such seasonal disparities could lead to source misattribution in top-down assessments of methane fluxes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2220777-6
    ISSN 2169-8961 ; 2169-8953
    ISSN (online) 2169-8961
    ISSN 2169-8953
    DOI 10.1029/2019jg005429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Airborne Quantification of Methane Emissions over the Four Corners Region

    Smith, Mackenzie L / Conley Stephen A / Faloona Ian / Gvakharia Alexander / Kort Eric A / Newberger Tim / Schnell Russell / Schwietzke Stefan / Sweeney Colm / Wolter Sonja

    Environmental Science & Technology. 2017 May 16, v. 51, no. 10

    2017  

    Abstract: Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas and the primary component of natural gas. The San Juan Basin (SJB) is one of the largest coal-bed methane producing regions in North America and, including gas production from conventional and shale sources, ... ...

    Abstract Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas and the primary component of natural gas. The San Juan Basin (SJB) is one of the largest coal-bed methane producing regions in North America and, including gas production from conventional and shale sources, contributed ∼2% of U.S. natural gas production in 2015. In this work, we quantify the CH₄ flux from the SJB using continuous atmospheric sampling from aircraft collected during the TOPDOWN2015 field campaign in April 2015. Using five independent days of measurements and the aircraft-based mass balance method, we calculate an average CH₄ flux of 0.54 ± 0.20 Tg yr–¹ (1σ), in close agreement with the previous space-based estimate made for 2003–2009. These results agree within error with the U.S. EPA gridded inventory for 2012. These flights combined with the previous satellite study suggest CH₄ emissions have not changed. While there have been significant declines in natural gas production between measurements, recent increases in oil production in the SJB may explain why emission of CH₄ has not declined. Airborne quantification of outcrops where seepage occurs are consistent with ground-based studies that indicate these geological sources are a small fraction of the basin total (0.02–0.12 Tg yr–¹) and cannot explain basinwide consistent emissions from 2003 to 2015.
    Keywords aircraft ; basins ; coalbed methane ; greenhouse gas emissions ; greenhouse gases ; inventories ; methane ; oils ; satellites ; seepage ; shale ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0516
    Size p. 5832-5837.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.est.6b06107
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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  5. Article: Methane, Black Carbon, and Ethane Emissions from Natural Gas Flares in the Bakken Shale, North Dakota

    Gvakharia, Alexander / Brandt Adam / Kort Eric A / Peischl Jeff / Ryerson Thomas B / Schwarz Joshua P / Smith Mackenzie L / Sweeney Colm

    Environmental Science & Technology. 2017 May 02, v. 51, no. 9

    2017  

    Abstract: Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. ... ...

    Abstract Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. We use airborne data of plume samples from 37 unique flares in the Bakken region of North Dakota in May 2014 to calculate emission factors for BC, methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane. We find no clear relationship between emission factors and aircraft-level wind speed or between methane and BC emission factors. Observed median combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according to the US EPA (98%). However, we find that the efficiency distribution is skewed, exhibiting log-normal behavior. This suggests incomplete combustion from flares contributes almost 1/5 of the total field emissions of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was representative. BC emission factors also have a skewed distribution, but we find lower emission values than previous studies. The direct observation for the first time of a heavy-tail emissions distribution from flares suggests the need to consider skewed distributions when assessing flare impacts globally.
    Keywords air quality ; carbon ; climate ; combustion ; emissions ; emissions factor ; ethane ; methane ; natural gas ; pollutants ; shale ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; wind speed ; North Dakota
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0502
    Size p. 5317-5325.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.est.6b05183
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Article ; Online: Airborne Quantification of Methane Emissions over the Four Corners Region.

    Smith, Mackenzie L / Gvakharia, Alexander / Kort, Eric A / Sweeney, Colm / Conley, Stephen A / Faloona, Ian / Newberger, Tim / Schnell, Russell / Schwietzke, Stefan / Wolter, Sonja

    Environmental science & technology

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 10, Page(s) 5832–5837

    Abstract: ... Methane ( ... ...

    Abstract Methane (CH
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b06107
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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