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Article: Anesthetics and cerebral metabolism.

Gyulai, Ferenc E

2006 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 397–402

Abstract: Purpose of review: This review focuses on the utilization of the effects of general anesthetics on cerebral metabolism as revealed by imaging for therapeutic and preventive purposes, for understanding mechanisms of anesthetic action, and for elucidating ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: This review focuses on the utilization of the effects of general anesthetics on cerebral metabolism as revealed by imaging for therapeutic and preventive purposes, for understanding mechanisms of anesthetic action, and for elucidating mechanisms of cerebral processing in humans. Recent findings: General anesthetics suppress cerebral metabolism significantly. This effect has been used for neuroprotection during inadequate cerebral blood flow. With the advent of noninvasive imaging techniques, this suppression has also been used to image and map the sites of anesthetic action in the living human brain. Volatile agents, intravenous anesthetics, and analgesics have all begun to be explored using mostly positron emission tomography. The ability of anesthetics to change global baseline brain metabolism has created the opportunity to examine the relevance of global baseline (resting) brain activity in terms of region-specific cerebral processing. Summary: Anesthetics experimentally appear to be useful for neuroprotection, at least during the early post-ischemic period. Identification of the cerebral sites of anesthetic action by in vivo human brain imaging provides new insights into the mechanism of action of these agents. Anesthetic-related manipulation of baseline brain metabolism demonstrates the significant contribution of this global activity to regional cerebral processing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645203-6
ISSN	1473-6500 ; 0952-7907
ISSN (online)	1473-6500
ISSN	0952-7907
DOI	10.1097/00001503-200410000-00008
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Article: Evidence of ‘new glume wheat’ from the Late Neolithic (Copper Age) of south-eastern Hungary (4th millennium cal. B.C.)

Kenéz, Árpád / Pető, Ákos / Gyulai, Ferenc

Vegetation history and archaeobotany. 2014 Sept., v. 23, no. 5

2014

Abstract: In 2000, remains of an unknown Triticum species—later named ‘new glume wheat’ (NGW)—were identified in the archaeobotanical material of Neolithic and Bronze Age Greek sites. The presence of NGW was later reported from several other locations across ... ...

Abstract	In 2000, remains of an unknown Triticum species—later named ‘new glume wheat’ (NGW)—were identified in the archaeobotanical material of Neolithic and Bronze Age Greek sites. The presence of NGW was later reported from several other locations across Europe, from the seventh to the first millennium cal. B.C. During the systematic archaeobotanical survey of the multiperiod site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kopáncs I., Olasz-tanya (5310–2936� cal. B.C.) more than 2,000 cereal remains were recovered. During the morphological analyses, ten spikelet forks showed the distinctive traits of NGW, therefore morphometric analyses were conducted on the remains to reinforce the morphological identification. The results suggest that both approaches—morphological and morphometric—should be applied in parallel to securely separate the NGW remains from Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum (Schrank) Thell. (emmer) and T. monococcum L. ssp. monococcum (einkorn). All NGW glume bases were recovered from Late Copper Age features (3338–3264� cal. B.C.) of the settlement, which represent the Baden culture of the Great Hungarian Plain. Similarly to other Baden culture sites of the Carpathian Basin einkorn and emmer dominated the crop production of the settlement. The ratio of the NGW remains within the cereal assemblage was measured to be 0.48� %, which suggests that NGW did not have the status of a regular crop; still it may have been part of the accompanying weed flora of the cereal fields during the fourth millennium in the south-eastern Great Hungarian Plain landscape.
Keywords	Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum ; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon ; crop production ; flora ; inflorescences ; landscapes ; morphometry ; surveys ; weeds ; wheat ; Hungary
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-09
Size	p. 551-566.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1481434-1
ISSN	1617-6278 ; 0939-6314
ISSN (online)	1617-6278
ISSN	0939-6314
DOI	10.1007/s00334-013-0405-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Macro- and micro-archaeobotanical study of a vessel content from a Late Neolithic structured deposition from southeastern Hungary

Pető, Ákos / Gyulai, Ferenc / Pópity, Dániel / Kenéz, Árpád

Journal of archaeological science. 2013 Jan., v. 40, no. 1

2013

Abstract: A well-preserved assemblage of pottery and a broken stone artefact were excavated within a long house in the southern part of Tiszasziget, near the town of Szeged, Hungary. The settlement had been inhabited by the Late Neolithic Tisza culture around 5000– ...

Abstract	A well-preserved assemblage of pottery and a broken stone artefact were excavated within a long house in the southern part of Tiszasziget, near the town of Szeged, Hungary. The settlement had been inhabited by the Late Neolithic Tisza culture around 5000–4500 BC. Based on the position of the finds it is suggested that the objects represent an ideologically-charged structured deposition. A piece of organic residue found in a mug (No. 18) with three-fold articulation has been subjected to macro- and microfloral analysis. After precise sampling of the residue, the standard methods to recover organic and inorganic plant remains were utilised. Based on the macrofloral and amino acid content analysis, it is suggested that the organic remains were pieces of fermented pastry made of cereal flour. The recovered silicified tissues and articulated phytoliths were subjected to morphometric measurements, which revealed that the food remain placed in the structured deposition was prepared of Triticum and – probably wild –Avena species. Starch granules of cereals were also detected, whilst the palynological evidence supports morphologies most likely to be related to the accompanying weed flora. The fortunate survival of the organic matter and the complex macro- and micro-archaeobotanical approach provided an unique opportunity to gain a better insight to the food preparation of Late Neolithic communities of the Carpathian Basin.
Keywords	Triticum ; amino acid composition ; archaeology ; basins ; flora ; flour ; food preparation ; grains ; morphometry ; organic matter ; palynology ; pastries ; phytoliths ; starch granules ; tissues ; weeds ; Hungary
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-01
Size	p. 58-71.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1468969-8
ISSN	0305-4403
ISSN	0305-4403
DOI	10.1016/j.jas.2012.08.027
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Article: Computer-Assisted Morphometry: A New Method for Assessing and Distinguishing Morphological Variation in Wild and Domestic Seed Populations

Rovner, Irwin / Gyulai, Ferenc

Economic botany. 2007 June, v. 61, no. 2

2007

Abstract: Morphometry is the science of measuring two-dimensional and three-dimensional aspects and parameters of object morphology, including size, shape, and tomography. Compared to conventional measurement, computer-assisted morphometry is exponentially faster, ...

Abstract	Morphometry is the science of measuring two-dimensional and three-dimensional aspects and parameters of object morphology, including size, shape, and tomography. Compared to conventional measurement, computer-assisted morphometry is exponentially faster, more accurate, more precise, and more efficient while providing a substantially broader spectrum of measurements of morphological parameters. Objective quantification replaces subjective, perception-based typology in the analysis of variation. Morphometric data from seed reference populations representing more than 1,000 taxa were used to study patterns of morphological variation and to assess related analytical assumptions and basic protocols. Many assumptions about the nature of seed morphology were found suspect and current minimum standards for representative reference seed types and control populations are inadequate and unreliable. Standard plots of area size distributions of wild and domestic seed populations revealed a consistent difference in histogram shape. Conventional descriptive statistical values were insensitive to the differences. Subjecting the histograms to morphometric shape measurements revealed specific shape factors that provided consistent values sensitive to the difference. A new quantitative method for distinguishing wild and domestic seed populations based on measurements of the shape of the distribution of morphological variation, rather than on typology or increase in mean size, was developed and initially tested. It is potentially applicable to the assessment of archaeological seed assemblages in studies of the history of ethnobotany and especially agriculture.
Keywords	ethnobotany ; morphometry ; tomography
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-06
Size	p. 154-172.
Publishing place	The New York Botanical Garden Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	419272-2
ISSN	1874-9364 ; 0013-0001
ISSN (online)	1874-9364
ISSN	0013-0001
DOI	10.1663/0013-0001(2007)61[154:CMANMF]2.0.CO;2
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Article ; Online: Deleterious impact of a γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor preferring general anesthetic when used in the presence of persistent inflammation.

Boegel, Kevin / Gyulai, Ferenc E / Moore, Kerry K / Gold, Michael S

Anesthesiology

2011 Volume 115, Issue 4, Page(s) 782–790

Abstract: Background: Experimental data suggest general anesthetics preferring γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A may increase postoperative pain in patients with persistent inflammation. The current study was designed to begin to test this hypothesis.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Experimental data suggest general anesthetics preferring γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A may increase postoperative pain in patients with persistent inflammation. The current study was designed to begin to test this hypothesis. Methods: Groups of rats were defined by the presence of inflammation, surgical intervention, and/or the type of general anesthetic used for a 3-h period of anesthesia. Persistent inflammation was induced with complete Freund adjuvant. The surgical intervention was a plantar incision. Three mechanistically distinct general anesthetics were used: pentobarbital, ketamine/xylazine, and isoflurane. Ongoing pain and hypersensitivity were assessed with guarding behavior analysis and the von Frey test, respectively. Results: There was no influence of general anesthetic type on the magnitude or time course of recovery from postoperative hypersensitivity in the absence of persistent inflammation. However, in the presence of persistent inflammation, recovery from hypersensitivity was significantly slower in the pentobarbital group than in the ketamine/xylazine or isoflurane groups. The pentobarbital effect was significant within 3 days of surgery and persisted through the remainder of the testing period. A comparable delay in recovery was observed in pentobarbital-anesthetized inflamed rats not subjected to hind paw incision. The time to 50% recovery in the pentobarbital-treated inflamed groups was almost double that in the other groups. No differences were observed between ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane. Pentobarbital exposure did not increase guarding scores. Conclusions: These results suggest that general anesthetics preferring γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A may have deleterious consequences when used in the presence of persistent inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, General/pharmacology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Inflammation/chemically induced ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Isoflurane/pharmacology ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Male ; Pain Measurement/drug effects ; Pain Threshold/drug effects ; Pain, Postoperative/complications ; Pain, Postoperative/physiopathology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects ; Xylazine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic alpha-Agonists ; Anesthetics, General ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Xylazine (2KFG9TP5V8) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Freund's Adjuvant (9007-81-2) ; Isoflurane (CYS9AKD70P) ; Pentobarbital (I4744080IR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	269-0
ISSN	1528-1175 ; 0003-3022
ISSN (online)	1528-1175
ISSN	0003-3022
DOI	10.1097/ALN.0b013e318215e1cb
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Book: Environment and agriculture in bronze age Hungary

Gyulai, Ferenc

(Archaeolingua ; 4)

1993

Author's details	Ferenc Gyulai
Series title	Archaeolingua ; 4
Keywords	Agriculture, Prehistoric ; Bronze age ; Umwelt ; Landwirtschaft ; Bronzezeit ; Ungarn
Language	English
Size	59 S, Ill., graph. Darst
Publisher	Archaeolingua Alapítvány
Publishing place	Budapest
Document type	Book
ISBN	9637391665 ; 9789637391668
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: PADAPT 1.0 - the Pannonian Dataset of Plant Traits.

Sonkoly, Judit / Tóth, Edina / Balogh, Nóra / Balogh, Lajos / Bartha, Dénes / Csendesné Bata, Kinga / Bátori, Zoltán / Békefi, Nóra / Botta-Dukát, Zoltán / Bölöni, János / Csecserits, Anikó / Csiky, János / Csontos, Péter / Dancza, István / Deák, Balázs / Dobolyi, Zoltán Konstantin / E-Vojtkó, Anna / Gyulai, Ferenc / Hábenczyus, Alida Anna /

Henn, Tamás / Horváth, Ferenc / Höhn, Mária / Jakab, Gusztáv / Kelemen, András / Király, Gergely / Kis, Szabolcs / Kovacsics-Vári, Gergely / Kun, András / Lehoczky, Éva / Lengyel, Attila / Lhotsky, Barbara / Löki, Viktor / Lukács, Balázs András / Matus, Gábor / McIntosh-Buday, Andrea / Mesterházy, Attila / Miglécz, Tamás / Molnár V, Attila / Molnár, Zsolt / Morschhauser, Tamás / Papp, László / Pósa, Patrícia / Rédei, Tamás / Schmidt, Dávid / Szmorad, Ferenc / Takács, Attila / Tamás, Júlia / Tiborcz, Viktor / Tölgyesi, Csaba / Tóth, Katalin / Tóthmérész, Béla / Valkó, Orsolya / Virók, Viktor / Wirth, Tamás / Török, Péter

Scientific data

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 742

Abstract: The existing plant trait databases' applicability is limited for studies dealing with the flora and vegetation of the eastern and central part of Europe and for large-scale comparisons across regions, mostly because their geographical data coverage is ... ...

Abstract	The existing plant trait databases' applicability is limited for studies dealing with the flora and vegetation of the eastern and central part of Europe and for large-scale comparisons across regions, mostly because their geographical data coverage is limited and they incorporate records from several different sources, often from regions with markedly different climatic conditions. These problems motivated the compilation of a regional dataset for the flora of the Pannonian region (Eastern Central Europe). PADAPT, the Pannonian Dataset of Plant Traits relies on regional data sources and collates data on 54 traits and attributes of the plant species of the Pannonian region. The current version covers approximately 90% of the species of the region and consists of 126,337 records on 2745 taxa. By including species of the eastern part of Europe not covered by other databases, PADAPT can facilitate studying the flora and vegetation of the eastern part of the continent. Although data coverage is far from complete, PADAPT meets the longstanding need for a regional database of the Pannonian flora.
MeSH term(s)	Databases, Factual ; Europe ; Geography ; Plants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02619-9
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Article ; Online: Using arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI to explore how midazolam produces anterograde amnesia.

Liang, Peipeng / Manelis, Anna / Liu, Xiaonan / Aizenstein, Howard J / Gyulai, Ferenc / Quinlan, Joseph J / Reder, Lynne M

Neuroscience letters

2012 Volume 522, Issue 2, Page(s) 113–117

Abstract: While our previous work suggests that the midazolam-induced memory impairment results from the inhibition of new association formation, little is known about the neural correlates underlying these effects beyond the effects of GABA agonists on the brain. ...

Abstract	While our previous work suggests that the midazolam-induced memory impairment results from the inhibition of new association formation, little is known about the neural correlates underlying these effects beyond the effects of GABA agonists on the brain. We used arterial spin-labeling perfusion MRI to measure cerebral blood flow changes associated with the effects of midazolam on ability to learn arbitrary word-pairs. Using a double-blind, within-subject cross-over design, subjects studied word-pairs for a later cued-recall test while they were scanned. Lists of different word-pairs were studied both before and after an injection of either saline or midazolam. As expected, recall was severely impaired under midazolam. The contrast of MRI signal before and after midazolam administration revealed a decrease in CBF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left cingulate gyrus and left posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus. These effects were observed even after controlling for any effect of injection. A strong correlation between the midazolam-induced changes in neural activity and memory performance was found in the left DLPFC. These findings provide converging evidence that this region plays a critical role in the formation of new associations and that low functioning of this region is associated with anterograde amnesia.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Amnesia, Anterograde/physiopathology ; Amnesia, Anterograde/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Arteries/drug effects ; Cerebral Arteries/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply ; Cross-Over Studies ; Cues ; Double-Blind Method ; GABA Agonists/pharmacology ; Humans ; Memory/drug effects ; Mental Recall/drug effects ; Midazolam/pharmacology ; Spin Labels ; Verbal Behavior/drug effects ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	GABA Agonists ; Spin Labels ; Midazolam (R60L0SM5BC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-16
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/j.neulet.2012.06.019
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Article: Midazolam does not inhibit association formation, just its storage and strengthening.

Reder, Lynne M / Proctor, Iain / Anderson, John R / Gyulai, Ferenc / Quinlan, Joseph J / Oates, Joyce M

Psychopharmacology

2006 Volume 188, Issue 4, Page(s) 462–471

Abstract: Rationale: Although there have been many studies examining the effects of benzodiazepines on memory performance, their effects on working memory are equivocal and little is known about whether they affect the efficacy of practice of already learned ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Although there have been many studies examining the effects of benzodiazepines on memory performance, their effects on working memory are equivocal and little is known about whether they affect the efficacy of practice of already learned material. Objectives: The objectives in two experiments were to examine (a) whether midazolam impairs performance on a working memory task designed to minimize mnemonic strategies such as rehearsal or chunking of information to be recalled and (b) the effect of midazolam on repeated practice of paired associates that were learned before drug administration. Materials and methods: Both experiments involved subcutaneous administration of 0.03 mg of saline or midazolam per kilogram of bodyweight in within-subject, placebo-controlled designs, involving 23 subjects in (a) and 31 in (b). Results: The drug had no effect on the ability to recall the digits in serial order even though the encoding task prevented the digits from being rehearsed or maintained in an articulatory buffer. Paired associates that were learned before the injection showed a benefit of subsequent practice under saline but not under midazolam. Conclusions: The results suggest that (a) midazolam does not affect the formation of new associations in short-term memory provided that the presentation rate is not too fast to form these associations when sedated, despite the evidence that the drug blocks long-term memory (LTM) retention of associations; and (b) the potential for over-learning with practice of learned associations in LTM is adversely affected by midazolam such that repeated exposures do not strengthen new learning.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; GABA Modulators/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Midazolam/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	GABA Modulators ; Midazolam (R60L0SM5BC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-006-0436-x
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Article: Early decay of pain-related cerebral activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with visual and motor tasks.

Kurata, Jiro / Thulborn, Keith R / Gyulai, Ferenc E / Firestone, Leonard L

Anesthesiology

2001 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–44

Abstract: Background: Although pain-related activation was localized in multiple brain areas by functional imaging, the temporal profile of its signal has been poorly understood. The authors characterized the temporal evolution of such activation in comparison to ...

Abstract	Background: Although pain-related activation was localized in multiple brain areas by functional imaging, the temporal profile of its signal has been poorly understood. The authors characterized the temporal evolution of such activation in comparison to that by conventional visual and motor tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Five right-handed volunteers underwent whole brain echo-planar imaging on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner while they received pain stimulus on the right and left forearm and performed visually guided saccade and finger tapping tasks. Pain stimulus on the right and left forearm consisted of four cycles of 15-s stimulus at 47.2-49.0 degrees C, interleaved with 30-s control at 32 degrees C, delivered by a Peltier-type thermode, and visually guided saccade and finger tapping of three cycles of 30-s active and 30-s rest conditions. Voxel-wise t statistical maps were standardized and averaged across subjects. Blood oxygenation level-dependent signal time courses were analyzed at local maxima of representative activation clusters (t > 3.5). Results: Pain stimulus on the right forearm activated the secondary somatosensory (S2), superior temporal, anterior cingulate, insular, prefrontal cortices, premotor area, and lenticular nucleus. Pain stimulus on the left forearm activated similar but fewer areas at less signal intensity. The S2 activation was dominant on the contralateral hemisphere. Pain-related activation was statistically weaker and showed less consistent signal time courses than visually guided saccade- and finger tapping-related activation. Pain-related signals decayed earlier before the end of stimulus, in contrast to well-sustained signal plateaus induced by visually guided saccade and finger tapping. Conclusions: The authors speculate that pain-related blood oxygenation level-dependent signals were attenuated by the pain-induced global cerebral blood flow decrease or activation of the descending pain inhibitory systems.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/blood ; Pain/physiopathology ; Saccades
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	269-0
ISSN	0003-3022
ISSN	0003-3022
DOI	10.1097/00000542-200201000-00012
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