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  1. Article ; Online: Congenital nephrotic syndrome: is early aggressive treatment needed? Yes.

    Hölttä, Tuula / Jalanko, Hannu

    Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 10, Page(s) 1985–1990

    Abstract: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) was primarily considered one disease entity. Hence, one treatment protocol was proposed in the beginning to all CNS patients. Today, with the help of gene diagnostics, we know that CNS is a heterogeneous group of ... ...

    Abstract Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) was primarily considered one disease entity. Hence, one treatment protocol was proposed in the beginning to all CNS patients. Today, with the help of gene diagnostics, we know that CNS is a heterogeneous group of disorders and therefore, different treatment protocols are needed. The most important gene defects causing CNS are NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, LAMB2, and PLCE1. Before active treatment, all infants with CNS died. It was stated already in the mid-1980s that intensive medical therapy followed by kidney transplantation (KTx) should be the choice of treatment for infants with severe CNS. In Finland, early aggressive treatment protocol was adopted from the USA and further developed for treatment of children with the Finnish type of CNS. The aim of this review is to state reasons for "early aggressive treatment" including daily albumin infusions, intensified nutrition, and timely bilateral nephrectomy followed by KTx at the age of 1-2 years.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Kidney Transplantation ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics ; Nephrotic Syndrome/mortality ; Nephrotic Syndrome/therapy ; Nutritional Support/methods ; Serum Albumin, Human/administration & dosage ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis ; Time-to-Treatment ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Serum Albumin, Human (ZIF514RVZR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 631932-4
    ISSN 1432-198X ; 0931-041X
    ISSN (online) 1432-198X
    ISSN 0931-041X
    DOI 10.1007/s00467-020-04578-4
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  2. Article ; Online: Differences in Dietary Intake and Vitamin and Mineral Status of Infants and Children on Dialysis Receiving Feeds or Eating Normal Food.

    Tuokkola, Jetta / Kiviharju, Elina / Jahnukainen, Timo / Hölttä, Tuula

    Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–154

    Abstract: Objectives: Knowledge of the vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on dialysis is scarce. Guidelines suggest supplementation of water-soluble vitamins, but the need for supplementation of minerals is less clear. We evaluated vitamin and ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Knowledge of the vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on dialysis is scarce. Guidelines suggest supplementation of water-soluble vitamins, but the need for supplementation of minerals is less clear. We evaluated vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on chronic dialysis in our center.
    Methods: We reviewed patient records of all 33 children aged 0-16 years who were treated with chronic dialysis at a University Hospital between December 2014 and August 2019. Dietary intake was estimated from feed prescriptions and 3-day food records. Vitamin and mineral determinations were performed as part of routine care.
    Results: Food records or adherence to dietary prescription of feeds were available for 29 children. Dietary intake of most nutrients was sufficient in children on feeds, but children not on feeds had low intakes of vitamins D, B1, B2, and B6 as well as zinc, iron, and calcium from their diet. Insufficient intake was corrected with supplementation. We discovered some children with blood concentrations below the reference range for vitamins D (3.1%) and C (15.4%) and copper (16.7%) and selenium (3.1%). In contrast, various proportions of children with blood concentrations above the reference range were detected for all nutrients apart from vitamin D.
    Conclusions: In our study, children receiving sufficient amounts of renal-specific feeds to meet at least 100% of age-specific requirements do not appear to need multivitamin-mineral supplementation, apart from vitamin D and calcium; in addition, children on PD usually need a sodium supplement and, on rare occasions with low intake from feeds, a phosphate supplement is needed. This study further revealed that other children at our center are more prone to deficient intakes of several vitamins and minerals, requiring supplementation based on dietetic review and, in some instances, laboratory measurements.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Eating ; Humans ; Infant ; Minerals ; Renal Dialysis ; Vitamins
    Chemical Substances Minerals ; Vitamins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1080003-7
    ISSN 1532-8503 ; 1051-2276
    ISSN (online) 1532-8503
    ISSN 1051-2276
    DOI 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.07.003
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  3. Article ; Online: Management of congenital nephrotic syndrome: consensus recommendations of the ERKNet-ESPN Working Group.

    Boyer, Olivia / Schaefer, Franz / Haffner, Dieter / Bockenhauer, Detlef / Hölttä, Tuula / Bérody, Sandra / Webb, Hazel / Heselden, Marie / Lipska-Zie Tkiewicz, Beata S / Ozaltin, Fatih / Levtchenko, Elena / Vivarelli, Marina

    Nature reviews. Nephrology

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 277–289

    Abstract: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema, which manifest in utero or during the first 3 months of life. The main cause of CNS is genetic defects in ...

    Abstract Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema, which manifest in utero or during the first 3 months of life. The main cause of CNS is genetic defects in podocytes; however, it can also be caused, in rare cases, by congenital infections or maternal allo-immune disease. Management of CNS is very challenging because patients are prone to severe complications, such as haemodynamic compromise, infections, thromboses, impaired growth and kidney failure. In this consensus statement, experts from the European Reference Network for Kidney Diseases (ERKNet) and the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) summarize the current evidence and present recommendations for the management of CNS, including the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics, anticoagulation and infection prophylaxis. Therapeutic management should be adapted to the clinical severity of the condition with the aim of maintaining intravascular euvolaemia and adequate nutrition, while preventing complications and preserving central and peripheral vessels. We do not recommend performing routine early nephrectomies but suggest that they are considered in patients with severe complications despite optimal conservative treatment, and before transplantation in patients with persisting nephrotic syndrome and/or a WT1-dominant pathogenic variant.
    MeSH term(s) Albumins/therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Fluid Therapy ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Infections/etiology ; Infections/therapy ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrotic Syndrome/complications ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics ; Nephrotic Syndrome/therapy ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Albumins ; Anticoagulants ; Diuretics ; Genetic Markers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Consensus Development Conference ; Journal Article ; Practice Guideline ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2490366-8
    ISSN 1759-507X ; 1759-5061
    ISSN (online) 1759-507X
    ISSN 1759-5061
    DOI 10.1038/s41581-020-00384-1
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  4. Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Management of congenital nephrotic syndrome: consensus recommendations of the ERKNet-ESPN Working Group.

    Boyer, Olivia / Schaefer, Franz / Haffner, Dieter / Bockenhauer, Detlef / Hölttä, Tuula / Bérody, Sandra / Webb, Hazel / Heselden, Marie / Lipska-Ziętkiewicz, Beata S / Ozaltin, Fatih / Levtchenko, Elena / Vivarelli, Marina

    Nature reviews. Nephrology

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 434

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2490366-8
    ISSN 1759-507X ; 1759-5061
    ISSN (online) 1759-507X
    ISSN 1759-5061
    DOI 10.1038/s41581-021-00431-5
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  5. Article ; Online: Good long-term renal graft survival and low incidence of cardiac pathology in adults after short dialysis period and renal transplantation in early childhood - a cohort study.

    Hölttä, Tuula / Gordin, Daniel / Rahkonen, Otto / Turanlahti, Maila / Holmström, Miia / Tainio, Juuso / Rönnholm, Kai / Jalanko, Hannu

    Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

    2019  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 89–97

    Abstract: Over the past 30 years, there has been an improvement in both patient and graft survival after pediatric renal transplantation (RTX). Despite this success, these patients still carry an elevated risk for untimely death, partly through premature aging of ... ...

    Abstract Over the past 30 years, there has been an improvement in both patient and graft survival after pediatric renal transplantation (RTX). Despite this success, these patients still carry an elevated risk for untimely death, partly through premature aging of the vasculature. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the long-term outcome of individuals with RTX in childhood, as well as to explore the cardiovascular health of these adults more than a decade later. We studied 131 individuals who had undergone a RTX between the years 1979 and 2005. Furthermore, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary artery calcifications (CAC), and related metabolic factors were investigated in a cross-sectional study including 52 individuals as part of the initial cohort. The mortality rate (n = 131) was 12.2%. The median estimated graft survival was 17.5 years (95% CI 13.6-21.3), being significantly better in children transplanted below the age of 5 years (18.6 vs. 14.3 years, P < 0.01) compared with older ones. CAC were found in 9.8% and LVH in 13% of the patients. Those with cardiac calcifications had longer dialysis vintage and higher values of parathyroid hormone (PTH) during dialysis. Left ventricular mass correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, PTH, and phosphate measured at the time of the study.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery ; Kidney Transplantation ; Renal Dialysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639435-8
    ISSN 1432-2277 ; 0934-0874
    ISSN (online) 1432-2277
    ISSN 0934-0874
    DOI 10.1111/tri.13521
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  6. Article ; Online: Genetic aspects of congenital nephrotic syndrome: a consensus statement from the ERKNet-ESPN inherited glomerulopathy working group.

    Lipska-Ziętkiewicz, Beata Stefania / Ozaltin, Fatih / Hölttä, Tuula / Bockenhauer, Detlef / Bérody, Sandra / Levtchenko, Elena / Vivarelli, Marina / Webb, Hazel / Haffner, Dieter / Schaefer, Franz / Boyer, Olivia

    European journal of human genetics : EJHG

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 1368–1378

    Abstract: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders presenting with massive proteinuria within the first 3 months of life almost inevitably leading to end-stage kidney disease. The Work Group for the European Reference Network for ... ...

    Abstract Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders presenting with massive proteinuria within the first 3 months of life almost inevitably leading to end-stage kidney disease. The Work Group for the European Reference Network for Kidney Diseases (ERKNet) and the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN) has developed consensus statement on genetic aspects of CNS diagnosis and management. The presented expert opinion recommends genetic diagnostics as the key diagnostic test to be ordered already during the initial evaluation of the patient, discusses which phenotyping workup should be performed and presents known genotype-phenotype correlations.
    MeSH term(s) Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ; Europe ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetic Testing/standards ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1141470-4
    ISSN 1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
    ISSN (online) 1476-5438
    ISSN 1018-4813
    DOI 10.1038/s41431-020-0642-8
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  7. Article ; Online: Blood pressure profiles 5 to 10 years after transplant in pediatric solid organ recipients.

    Tainio, Juuso / Qvist, Erik / Miettinen, Jenni / Hölttä, Tuula / Pakarinen, Mikko / Jahnukainen, Timo / Jalanko, Hannu

    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

    2015  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 154–161

    Abstract: Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation, emphasizing the need for blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The authors studied 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters (index, load, ... ...

    Abstract Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation, emphasizing the need for blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The authors studied 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters (index, load, dipping) and their predictive value with regard to hypertension as well as correlations with graft function and metabolic parameters such as obesity and dyslipidemias. The ABPM profiles of 111 renal, 29 heart, and 13 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed 5 to 10 years after transplant (median 5.1 years). The BP profiles among the different transplant groups were similar. The BP index and load were abnormal especially at nighttime and the nocturnal BP dipping was often blunted (in 49% to 83% of the patients). The BP variables were found to be equally valued when assessing hypertension. BP load of 50% instead of 25% seems to be a more adequate cutoff value. The BP variables correlated poorly with the metabolic parameters and kidney function. Antihypertensive medication did not notably change the ABPM profile in renal transplant recipients. Hypertension, including nocturnal hypertension, is present in children receiving solid organ transplant, underlining the importance of use of ABPM in the follow-up of these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias/complications ; Dyslipidemias/physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival/physiology ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplant Recipients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2077222-1
    ISSN 1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
    ISSN (online) 1751-7176
    ISSN 1524-6175
    DOI 10.1111/jch.12465
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    Zs.A 5723: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Sodium intake and urinary losses in children on dialysis: a European multicenter prospective study.

    Paglialonga, Fabio / Shroff, Rukshana / Zagozdzon, Ilona / Bakkaloglu, Sevcan A / Zaloszyc, Ariane / Jankauskiene, Augustina / Gual, Alejandro Cruz / Consolo, Silvia / Grassi, Maria Rosa / McAlister, Louise / Skibiak, Aleksandra / Yazicioglu, Burcu / Puccio, Giuseppe / Edefonti, Alberto / Ariceta, Gema / Aufricht, Christoph / Holtta, Tuula / Klaus, Guenter / Ranchin, Bruno /
    Schmitt, Claus Peter / Snauwaert, Evelien / Stefanidis, Costantinos / Walle, Johan Vande / Stabouli, Stella / Verrina, Enrico / Vidal, Enrico / Vondrak, Karel / Zurowska, Alexandra

    Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 3389–3399

    Abstract: Background: Sodium (Na) balance is unexplored in dialyzed children. We assessed a simplified sodium balance (sNaB) and its correlates in pediatric patients receiving maintenance dialysis.: Methods: Patients < 18 years old on hemodialysis (HD) or ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sodium (Na) balance is unexplored in dialyzed children. We assessed a simplified sodium balance (sNaB) and its correlates in pediatric patients receiving maintenance dialysis.
    Methods: Patients < 18 years old on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) in six European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group centers were recruited. sNaB was calculated from enteral Na, obtained by a 3-day diet diary, Na intake from medications, and 24-h urinary Na (uNa). Primary outcomes were systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure standard deviation scores (SBP and DBP SDS), obtained by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or office BP according to age, and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG).
    Results: Forty-one patients (31 HD), with a median age of 13.3 (IQR 5.2) years, were enrolled. Twelve patients (29.3%) received Na-containing drugs, accounting for 0.6 (0.7) mEq/kg/day. Median total Na intake was 1.5 (1.1) mEq/kg/day, corresponding to 60.6% of the maximum recommended daily intake for healthy children. Median uNa and sNaB were 0.6 (1.8) mEq/kg/day and 0.9 (1.7) mEq/kg/day, respectively. The strongest independent predictor of sNaB in the cohort was urine output. In patients receiving HD, sNaB correlated with IDWG, pre-HD DBP, and first-hour refill index, a volume index based on blood volume monitoring. sNaB was the strongest predictor of IDWG in multiple regression analysis (β = 0.63; p = 0.005). Neither SBP SDS nor DBP SDS correlated with sNaB.
    Conclusions: Na intake is higher than uNa in children on dialysis, and medications may be an important source of Na. sNaB is best predicted by urine output in the population, and it is a significant independent predictor of IDWG in children on HD. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Blood Pressure ; Sodium ; Weight Gain ; Sodium, Dietary
    Chemical Substances Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Sodium-24 ; Sodium, Dietary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 631932-4
    ISSN 1432-198X ; 0931-041X
    ISSN (online) 1432-198X
    ISSN 0931-041X
    DOI 10.1007/s00467-023-05932-y
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  9. Article ; Online: Metabolic risk factors and long-term graft function after paediatric renal transplantation.

    Tainio, Juuso / Qvist, Erik / Hölttä, Tuula / Pakarinen, Mikko / Jahnukainen, Timo / Jalanko, Hannu

    Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

    2014  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 583–592

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic risk factors and their impact on long-term allograft function in paediatric renal transplant (RTx) patients. We reviewed the medical records of 210 RTx patients who underwent transplantation at a median age ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic risk factors and their impact on long-term allograft function in paediatric renal transplant (RTx) patients. We reviewed the medical records of 210 RTx patients who underwent transplantation at a median age of 4.5 years (range 0.7-18.2) and a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range 1.5-18.0). Data on lipid and glucose metabolism, uric acid levels, weight and blood pressure were collected up to 13 years post-RTx, and the findings were correlated with the measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Beyond the first year, GFR showed gradual deterioration with a mean decline of 2.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year. Metabolic syndrome, overweight, hypertension and type 2 diabetes were diagnosed in 14-19%, 20-23%, 62-87% and 3-5% of the patients, respectively. These entities showed only mild association with the concomitant or long-term GFR values. Dyslipidaemia was common and hypertriglyceridaemia associated with a lower GFR at 1.5 and 5 years post-RTx (P = 0.008 and P = 0.017, respectively). Similarly, hyperuricaemia was frequent and associated significantly with GFR (P < 0.001). Except for hyperuricaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, metabolic risk factors beyond the first postoperative year associated modestly with the long-term kidney graft function in paediatric RTx patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Finland ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Kidney Transplantation/methods ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Reoperation/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Factors ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639435-8
    ISSN 1432-2277 ; 0934-0874
    ISSN (online) 1432-2277
    ISSN 0934-0874
    DOI 10.1111/tri.12300
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  10. Article ; Online: Peritoneal dialysis in children under two years of age.

    Laakkonen, Hanne / Hölttä, Tuula / Lönnqvist, Tuula / Holmberg, Christer / Rönnholm, Kai

    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

    2008  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 1747–1753

    Abstract: Background: Although results of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in small children have improved during recent years, the youngest children have poorer growth, more infections and higher mortality than do older children.: Methods: In this retrospective study, ...

    Abstract Background: Although results of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in small children have improved during recent years, the youngest children have poorer growth, more infections and higher mortality than do older children.
    Methods: In this retrospective study, we analysed patient records of all children under age 2 treated with continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) between 1995 and 2000 in Finland. Diagnoses leading to renal failure in these 23 children were congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (13), polycystic kidney disease (4), a urethral valve (3), renal insufficiency due to neonatal asphyxia (2) and Prune-Belly syndrome (1). Of these 23, 17 (74%) were anuric.
    Results: The mean age at the onset of PD was 0.4 years and the mean time on dialysis 1.4 years. Hernias were diagnosed in 57%. The peritonitis rate was 1:14.5 patient-months, and 30% were peritonitis-free. Hypertension was common, and 70% had at least one period on antihypertensive medication. None of the patients had pulmonary oedema or dialysis-related seizures. The mean height standard deviation score (hSDS) at the start of PD (n = 16) was -2.0 and after 9 months -1.6. Catch-up growth was documented in 64% of the patients during dialysis. Hospitalization time was 124 days/patient-year. Two patients (9%) died.
    Conclusions: Our results are reassuring. Mortality was low, laboratory parameters were acceptable and growth was good. Peritonitis rate was comparable to that in older children. Correction of inguinal hernia should be routinely performed; high blood pressure is still a problem.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Anuria/therapy ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications ; Child Development ; Female ; Finland ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome/congenital ; Nephrotic Syndrome/therapy ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/therapy ; Prune Belly Syndrome/therapy ; Renal Insufficiency/etiology ; Renal Insufficiency/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra/abnormalities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 90594-x
    ISSN 1460-2385 ; 0931-0509
    ISSN (online) 1460-2385
    ISSN 0931-0509
    DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfn035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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