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Article ; Online: The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation is responsible for the linkage of decadal changes in precipitation and moisture in arid central Asia and the humid Asian monsoon region during the last millennium

H. Xu / T. Wang / H. Wang

Climate of the Past, Vol 20, Pp 107-

2024 Volume 119

Abstract: Reconstruction and observational studies imply a potential linkage of moisture and precipitation change in arid central Asia and monsoonal East Asia, in which the evolution of moisture and precipitation in central Asia is out of phase with that in ... ...

Abstract	Reconstruction and observational studies imply a potential linkage of moisture and precipitation change in arid central Asia and monsoonal East Asia, in which the evolution of moisture and precipitation in central Asia is out of phase with that in northern China but in phase with that in southern China. In order to ascertain whether there is a robust linkage between the changes in climate in Asian arid regions and monsoon regions and to elucidate the underlying dynamic mechanisms, we analyzed the Last Millennium Reanalysis dataset and outputs from the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). The results indicate a significant decadal linkage between precipitation changes in central Asia's arid region and the Asian monsoon region during the last millennium, which is primarily driven by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). In spring, the positive IPO could enhance westerlies over the Mediterranean Sea and to its east, which could transport more water vapor and cause increased precipitation over central Asia. In summer, the positive IPO is accompanied by a weakened Asian monsoon and southward Asian subtropical westerly jet, which can lead to increased (decreased) summer precipitation over southern China (over northern China and South Asia). The IPO plays a dominant role in connecting the decadal variations in precipitation between arid central Asia and monsoonal Asia by modulating the precipitation of their respective major rainy seasons. Model results suggest that this decadal linkage stems entirely from the internal variability present in the CESM-LME control and all single-forcing simulations. Changes in external forcing factors do not alter this inherent linkage caused by the IPO. Moreover, based on analyses of the aridity index and soil moisture content, this relationship of precipitation variation also causes a similar decadal linkage of moisture changes in central Asia and monsoonal Asia. The differences in the multi-centennial-scale moisture and precipitation variations in ...
Keywords	Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental protection ; TD169-171.8 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	950 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessing the assimilation of Himawari-8 observations on aerosol forecasts and radiative effects during pollution transport from South Asia to the Tibetan Plateau

M. Zhao / T. Dai / D. Goto / H. Wang / G. Shi

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 24, Pp 235-

2024 Volume 258

Abstract: Emissions from South Asia (SA) represent a critical source of aerosols on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and aerosols can significantly reduce the surface solar energy. To enhance the precision of aerosol forecasting and its radiative effects in SA and the TP, ...

Abstract	Emissions from South Asia (SA) represent a critical source of aerosols on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and aerosols can significantly reduce the surface solar energy. To enhance the precision of aerosol forecasting and its radiative effects in SA and the TP, we employed a four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) aerosol data assimilation (DA) system. This system was utilized to assimilate Himawari-8 aerosol optical thickness (AOT) into the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to depict one SA air pollution outbreak event in spring 2018. Sensitivity tests for the assimilation system were conducted first to tune temporal localization lengths. Comparisons with independent Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations demonstrate that the AOT analysis and forecast fields have more reasonable diurnal variations by assimilating all the observations within a 12 h window, which are both better than assimilating the hourly observations in the current assimilation time slot. Assimilation of the entire window of observations with aerosol radiative effect activation significantly improves the prediction of downward solar radiation compared to the free-run experiment. The AOT assimilation with aerosol radiative effect activation led to a reduction in aerosol concentrations over SA, resulting in increased surface radiation, temperature, boundary layer height, and atmospheric instability. These changes facilitated air uplift, promoting aerosol transport from SA to the southeastern TP and leading to an increase in AOT in this region.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recognizing hand use and hand role at home after stroke from egocentric video.

Meng-Fen Tsai / Rosalie H Wang / José Zariffa

PLOS Digital Health, Vol 2, Iss 10, p e

2023 Volume 0000361

Abstract: Hand function is a central determinant of independence after stroke. Measuring hand use in the home environment is necessary to evaluate the impact of new interventions, and calls for novel wearable technologies. Egocentric video can capture hand-object ... ...

Abstract	Hand function is a central determinant of independence after stroke. Measuring hand use in the home environment is necessary to evaluate the impact of new interventions, and calls for novel wearable technologies. Egocentric video can capture hand-object interactions in context, as well as show how more-affected hands are used during bilateral tasks (for stabilization or manipulation). Automated methods are required to extract this information. The objective of this study was to use artificial intelligence-based computer vision to classify hand use and hand role from egocentric videos recorded at home after stroke. Twenty-one stroke survivors participated in the study. A random forest classifier, a SlowFast neural network, and the Hand Object Detector neural network were applied to identify hand use and hand role at home. Leave-One-Subject-Out-Cross-Validation (LOSOCV) was used to evaluate the performance of the three models. Between-group differences of the models were calculated based on the Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC). For hand use detection, the Hand Object Detector had significantly higher performance than the other models. The macro average MCCs using this model in the LOSOCV were 0.50 ± 0.23 for the more-affected hands and 0.58 ± 0.18 for the less-affected hands. Hand role classification had macro average MCCs in the LOSOCV that were close to zero for all models. Using egocentric video to capture the hand use of stroke survivors at home is technically feasible. Pose estimation to track finger movements may be beneficial to classifying hand roles in the future.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Activation of TRPV1-Expressing Renal Sensory Nerves of Rats with N-Oleoyldopamine Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Impairment of Renal Function

Shuang-Quan Yu / Shuangtao Ma / Donna H. Wang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6207, p

2023 Volume 6207

Abstract: Enhanced renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) contributes to obesity-induced renal disease, while the role of afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) is not fully understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that activating the transient receptor ... ...

Abstract	Enhanced renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) contributes to obesity-induced renal disease, while the role of afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) is not fully understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel in afferent renal nerves suppresses RSNA and prevents renal dysfunction and hypertension in obese rats. N-oleoyldopamine (OLDA, 1 ng/kg, daily) was administrated intrathecally (T8-L3) via an indwelled catheter to chronically activate, TRPV1-positive afferent renal nerves in rats fed a chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. HFD intake significantly increased the body weight, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, decreased creatinine clearance, and elevated systolic blood pressure in rats compared with the levels of the chow-fed rats (all p < 0.05). An intrathecal OLDA treatment for 8 weeks did not affect the fasting glucose level, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance in rats fed either chow or HFD. As expected, the chronic OLDA treatment significantly increased the levels of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P and ARNA in the HFD-fed rats (all p < 0.05). Interestingly, the OLDA treatment decreased the urinary norepinephrine level and RSNA in rats fed HFD (both p < 0.05). Importantly, the OLDA treatment attenuated HFD-induced decreases in creatinine clearance and urinary Na + excretion and increases in the plasma urea level, urinary albumin level, and systolic blood pressure at the end of an 8-week treatment (all p < 0.05). Taken together, the intrathecal administration of OLDA ameliorates the enhancement of RSNA, renal dysfunction, and hypertension in obese rats. These findings shed light on the roles of TRPV1-positive renal afferent nerves in obesity-related renal dysfunction and hypertension.
Keywords	N-oleoyldopamine ; TRPV1 ; high-fat diet ; obesity ; hypertension ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Systematic dissection of σ70 sequence diversity and function in bacteria

Jimin Park / Harris H. Wang

Cell Reports, Vol 36, Iss 8, Pp 109590- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Summary: Primary σ70 factors are key conserved bacterial regulatory proteins that interact with regulatory DNA to control gene expression. It is, however, poorly understood whether σ70 sequence diversity in different bacteria reflects functional ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Primary σ70 factors are key conserved bacterial regulatory proteins that interact with regulatory DNA to control gene expression. It is, however, poorly understood whether σ70 sequence diversity in different bacteria reflects functional differences. Here, we employ comparative and functional genomics to explore the sequence and function relationship of primary σ70. Using multiplex automated genome engineering and deep sequencing (MAGE-seq), we generate a saturation mutagenesis library and high-resolution fitness map of E. coli σ70 in domains 2–4. Mapping natural σ70 sequence diversity to the E. coli σ70 fitness landscape reveals significant predicted fitness deficits across σ70 orthologs. Interestingly, these predicted deficits are larger than observed fitness changes for 15 σ70 orthologs introduced into E. coli. Finally, we use a multiplexed transcriptional reporter assay and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore functional differences of several σ70 orthologs. This work provides an in-depth analysis of σ70 sequence and function to improve efforts to understand the evolution and engineering potential of this global regulator.
Keywords	MAGE-seq ; MAGE ; bacterial gene regulation ; sigma factors ; synthetic biology ; systems biology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diurnal differences in the effect of aerosols on cloud-to-ground lightning in the Sichuan Basin

H. Wang / Y. Tan / Z. Shi / N. Yang / T. Zheng

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 2843-

2023 Volume 2857

Abstract: The effect of aerosols on lightning has been examined in many studies, but its mechanisms are complex and far from understood. This study investigated the influence of aerosols on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning during both afternoon (12:00–18:00 Beijing ... ...

Abstract	The effect of aerosols on lightning has been examined in many studies, but its mechanisms are complex and far from understood. This study investigated the influence of aerosols on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning during both afternoon (12:00–18:00 Beijing Time) and night (23:00–05:00 Beijing Time) in the Sichuan Basin by analysing 9-year datasets of CG lightning, aerosol loading, dynamic-thermodynamic, and cloud-related data from ground-based measurements, satellite, and model reanalysis to understand the difference in the influences of aerosols under conditions with and without solar radiation. The relationship between lightning and aerosol optical depth (AOD) is nonlinear in the afternoon and at night with a turning point at AOD ≅ 0.3. When AOD is less than 0.3, increasing AOD will lead to an increase in lightning flashes both in the afternoon and at night. When the AOD exceeds 0.3, the increase of AOD will reduce the lightning flashes in the afternoon but have no obvious effect on the lightning flashes at night. The different relationship between aerosol loading and lightning flashes in the afternoon and at night after AOD exceeds 0.3 is related to the changes in solar radiation in these two periods. In the afternoon, excessive aerosols reduce the solar radiation reaching the ground through its direct and indirect radiative effects, resulting in the decrease of the surface temperature, increasing atmospheric stability, inhibiting convection, and thus reducing lightning. At night, due to the absence of solar radiation, the influence of aerosols on surface temperature is weakened; thus, the inhibition of aerosols on lightning activity is weakened.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of the boundary layer low-level jet on fast fog spatial propagation

S. Yan / H. Wang / X. Liu / F. Zu / D. Liu

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 13987-

2023 Volume 14002

Abstract: The spatiotemporal variation of fog reflects the complex interactions among fog, boundary layer thermodynamics and synoptic systems. Previous studies revealed that fog can present a fast spatial propagation feature and attribute it to the boundary layer ... ...

Abstract	The spatiotemporal variation of fog reflects the complex interactions among fog, boundary layer thermodynamics and synoptic systems. Previous studies revealed that fog can present a fast spatial propagation feature and attribute it to the boundary layer low-level jet (BLLJ), but the effect of the BLLJ on fog propagation is not quantitatively understood. Here we analyze a large-scale fog event in Jiangsu, China, from 20 to 21 January 2020. Satellite retrievals show that fog propagates from the southeast coastal area to the northwest inland area with a speed of 9.6 m s −1 , which is 3 times larger than the ground wind speeds. The ground meteorologies are insufficient to explain the fast fog propagation, which is further investigated by Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations. The fast fog propagation could be attributed to the BLLJ occurring between 50 and 500 m, because the wind speeds (10 m s −1 ) and directions (southeast) of the BLLJ core are consistent with fog propagation. Through sensitive experiments and process analysis, three possible mechanisms of the BLLJ are revealed: (1) the abundant oceanic moisture is transported inland, increasing the humidity of the boundary layer and promoting condensation; (2) the oceanic warm air is transported inland, enhancing the inversion layer and favoring moisture accumulation; and (3) the moisture advection probably promotes low-stratus formation, and later it subsides to become ground fog by turbulent mixing of fog droplets. The fog propagation speed would decrease notably by 6.4 m s −1 (66 %) in the model if the BLLJ-related moisture and warm advections were turned off.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Advances in Wearable Piezoelectric Sensors for Hazardous Workplace Environments

Fatemeh Mokhtari / Zhenxiang Cheng / Chun H Wang / Javad Foroughi

Global Challenges, Vol 7, Iss 6, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract Recent advances in wearable energy harvesting technology as solutions to occupational health and safety programs are presented. Workers are often exposed to harmful conditions—especially in the mining and construction industries—where chronic ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Recent advances in wearable energy harvesting technology as solutions to occupational health and safety programs are presented. Workers are often exposed to harmful conditions—especially in the mining and construction industries—where chronic health issues can emerge over time. While wearable sensors technology can aid in early detection and long‐term exposure tracking, powering them and the associated risks are often an impediment for their widespread use, such as the need for frequent charging and battery safety. Repetitive vibration exposure is one such hazard, e.g., whole body vibration, yet it can also provide parasitic energy that can be harvested to power wearable sensors and overcome the battery limitations. This review can critically analyze the vibration effect on workers’ health, the limitations of currently available devices, explore new options for powering different personal protective equipment devices, and discuss opportunities and directions for future research. The recent progress in self‐powered vibration sensors and systems from the perspective of the underlying materials, applications, and fabrication techniques is reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives are discussed for reference to the researchers who are interested in self‐powered vibration sensors.
Keywords	electronic textiles ; energy generators ; mining ; piezoelectric ; self‐powered wearable sensors ; vibration ; Technology ; T ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	621 ; 690
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Critical transitions in the hydrological system

X. Yang / Z.-H. Wang / C. Wang

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 26, Pp 1845-

early-warning signals and network analysis

2022 Volume 1856

Abstract: One critical challenge of studying Earth's hydroclimate system, in the face of global environmental changes, is to predict whether the system approaches a critical threshold. Here, we identified the critical transitions of hydrological processes, ... ...

Abstract	One critical challenge of studying Earth's hydroclimate system, in the face of global environmental changes, is to predict whether the system approaches a critical threshold. Here, we identified the critical transitions of hydrological processes, including precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, by analyzing their early-warning signals and system-based network structures. The statistical early-warning signals are manifest in increasing trends of autocorrelation and variance in the hydrologic system ranging from regional to global scales, prior to climate shifts in the 1970s and 1990s, in agreement with observations. We further extended the conventional statistics-based measures of early-warning signals to system-based network analysis in urban areas across the contiguous United States. The topology of an urban precipitation network features hub-periphery (clustering) and modular organization, with strong intra-regional connectivity and inter-regional gateways (teleconnection). We found that several network parameters (mean correlation coefficient, density, and clustering coefficient) gradually increased prior to the critical transition in the 1990s, signifying the enhanced synchronization among urban precipitation patterns. These topological parameters can not only serve as novel system-based early-warning signals for critical transitions in hydrological processes but also shed new light on structure–dynamic interactions in the complex hydrological system.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biological strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease: Probiotics and vaccines.

Myneni, Srinivas Rao / Brocavich, Kristen / H Wang, Howard

Periodontology 2000

2020 Volume 84, Issue 1, Page(s) 161–175

Abstract: Probiotics have been considered as an adjunct to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. The ease of administration of probiotics and the fact that no adverse outcomes have been reported in the literature has promoted increasing interest from the ... ...

Abstract	Probiotics have been considered as an adjunct to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. The ease of administration of probiotics and the fact that no adverse outcomes have been reported in the literature has promoted increasing interest from the research community for this preventive approach in a number of diseases, including periodontal diseases. Several preliminary human clinical trials have been conducted and have yielded promising results. Vaccination is another biological strategy considered for use in the prevention of periodontal diseases. To date, no vaccine trials have been conducted in humans to determine if this strategy would prevent alveolar bone loss or bacterial colonization by target pathogens. Although the available research appears promising, the current body of evidence is incomplete for both strategies. This review attempts to summarize the present status of these 2 biological strategies for the prevention of periodontal diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Alveolar Bone Loss ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases/prevention & control ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-25
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1200504-6
ISSN	1600-0757 ; 0906-6713
ISSN (online)	1600-0757
ISSN	0906-6713
DOI	10.1111/prd.12343
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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