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Article ; Online: Automated Quality Evaluation of Large-Scale Benchmark Datasets for Vision-Language Tasks.

Zhao, Ruibin / Xie, Zhiwei / Zhuang, Yipeng / L H Yu, Philip

International journal of neural systems

2024 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 2450009

Abstract: Large-scale benchmark datasets are crucial in advancing research within the computer science communities. They enable the development of more sophisticated AI models and serve as "golden" benchmarks for evaluating their performance. Thus, ensuring the ... ...

Abstract	Large-scale benchmark datasets are crucial in advancing research within the computer science communities. They enable the development of more sophisticated AI models and serve as "golden" benchmarks for evaluating their performance. Thus, ensuring the quality of these datasets is of utmost importance for academic research and the progress of AI systems. For the emerging vision-language tasks, some datasets have been created and frequently used, such as Flickr30k, COCO, and NoCaps, which typically contain a large number of images paired with their ground-truth textual descriptions. In this paper, an automatic method is proposed to assess the quality of large-scale benchmark datasets designed for vision-language tasks. In particular, a new cross-modal matching model is developed, which is capable of automatically scoring the textual descriptions of visual images. Subsequently, this model is employed to evaluate the quality of vision-language datasets by automatically assigning a score to each 'ground-truth' description for every image picture. With a good agreement between manual and automated scoring results on the datasets, our findings reveal significant disparities in the quality of the ground-truth descriptions included in the benchmark datasets. Even more surprising, it is evident that a small portion of the descriptions are unsuitable for serving as reliable ground-truth references. These discoveries emphasize the need for careful utilization of these publicly accessible benchmark databases.
MeSH term(s)	Benchmarking ; Databases, Factual
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1793-6462
ISSN (online)	1793-6462
DOI	10.1142/S0129065724500096
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effective web-based clinical practice guidelines resources

Wei Wang / Dorothy Choi / Catherine H. Yu

BMC Primary Care, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

recommendations from a mixed methods usability study

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are an important knowledge translation resource to help clinicians stay up to date about relevant clinical knowledge. Effective communication of guidelines, including format, facilitates its ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are an important knowledge translation resource to help clinicians stay up to date about relevant clinical knowledge. Effective communication of guidelines, including format, facilitates its implementation. Despite the digitalization of healthcare, there is little literature to guide CPG website creation for effective dissemination and implementation. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the content and format of the Diabetes Canada CPG website, and use our results to inform recommendations for other CPG websites. Methods Fourteen clinicians (family physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and dieticians) in diabetes care across Canada participated in this mixed-methods study (questionnaires, usability testing and interviews). Participants “thought-aloud” while completing eight usability tasks on the CPG website. Outcomes included task success rate, completion time, click per tasks, resource used, paths, search attempts and success rate, and error types. Participants were then interviewed. Results The Diabetes Canada CPG website was found to be usable. Participants had a high task success rate of 79% for all tasks and used 144 (standard deviation (SD) = 152) seconds and 4.6 (SD = 3.9) clicks per task. Interactive tools were most frequently used compared to full guidelines and static tools. Misinterpretation accounted for 48% of usability errors. Participants overall found the website intuitive, with effective content and design elements. Conclusion Different versions of CPG information (e.g. interactive tools, quick reference guide, static tools) can help answer clinical questions more quickly. Effective web design should be assessed during CPG website creation for effective guideline dissemination and implementation.
Keywords	Clinical practice guidelines ; Usability ; Website creation ; Diabetes ; Digital communication ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	005
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comments on A case study on engineering failure analysis of link chain

George Y.H. Yu

Safety and Health at Work, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 544-

2021 Volume 545

Abstract: The article by Tae-Gu Kim et al. conducted elastic FE modeling, which was inappropriate for fracture of elastic-plastic chain material (11.3% of elongation). FE analysis results and the findings in the fractographic analysis did not tally but ... ...

Abstract	The article by Tae-Gu Kim et al. conducted elastic FE modeling, which was inappropriate for fracture of elastic-plastic chain material (11.3% of elongation). FE analysis results and the findings in the fractographic analysis did not tally but contradicted each other. The article identified “incorrect installation”/ bending forces as the root cause while FE results of the chain under bending forces showed very low stresses at fracture locations but the highest stress in the middle of shank of the chain. The article's “step-like topographies indicating the fracture due to bending moment rather than uniaxial tension” lacked scientific support. The load value carried by each chain section under bending/incorrect installation was only half of that under tension, thus the article using same load value in FE simulation comparison for bending and tension was incorrect. The real cause of the chain fracture was likely improper checking the lifted load or/and using the wrong chain with much lower safety working load.
Keywords	Chain fracture ; Failure analysis ; FEM simulation ; Fractographicanalysis ; Industrial accident ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An enhanced, rational model to study acoustic vaporization dynamics of a bubble encapsulated within a nonlinearly elastic shell

Maryam Ghasemi / Alfred C.H. Yu / Sivabal Sivaloganathan

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol 83, Iss , Pp 105948- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is a new approach to generate vapor bubbles that have potentially broad medical applications. ADV-generated bubbles can be used as contrast agents in acoustic imaging, as drug carriers to deliver drugs to particular ... ...

Abstract	Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is a new approach to generate vapor bubbles that have potentially broad medical applications. ADV-generated bubbles can be used as contrast agents in acoustic imaging, as drug carriers to deliver drugs to particular targets, and also in embolotherapy, thermal therapy, and histotripsy. However, despite much progress, ADV dynamics have still not been well understood and properly modeled. In this paper, we present a theoretical study of ultrasound-induced evaporation of a droplet encapsulated by a shell. The main emphasis of this theoretical study is on a proper description of the supercritical state occurring after bubble collapse. For this purpose, an isentropic equation of state for a van der Waals gas is used to describe the bubble behavior in the supercritical state. Sensitivity of the vaporization process is investigated for different acoustic and geometrical parameters and mechanical properties of the shell. Results show that the value of the minimum pressure required for direct vaporization (without any oscillatory behavior) depends on shell elasticity and initial size of the droplet, especially at high frequencies (greater than 2[MHz]). Moreover, it has been shown that applying an acoustic wave with proper phase such that thermal equilibrium of the bubble temperature with the surrounding liquid is attained, results in direct vaporization at lower acoustic pressure.
Keywords	Acoustic droplet vaporization ; Nonlinear elastic shell ; Isentropic process ; Mathematical model ; Numerical simulation ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Acoustics. Sound ; QC221-246
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding by design

Yuanxu Gao / Jiangshan Zhan / Albert C. H. Yu

MedComm – Future Medicine, Vol 1, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

Implementing deep learning from protein structure prediction to protein design

2022

Keywords	Medical technology ; R855-855.5 ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Project-Based Learning via Competition for Data Science Students

Philip L. H. Yu / Wai Keung Li

Harvard Data Science Review (2021)

2021

Keywords	Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The MIT Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Quantifying the uncertainty of precipitation forecasting using probabilistic deep learning

L. Xu / N. Chen / C. Yang / H. Yu / Z. Chen

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 26, Pp 2923-

2022 Volume 2938

Abstract: Precipitation forecasting is an important mission in weather science. In recent years, data-driven precipitation forecasting techniques could complement numerical prediction, such as precipitation nowcasting, monthly precipitation projection and extreme ... ...

Abstract	Precipitation forecasting is an important mission in weather science. In recent years, data-driven precipitation forecasting techniques could complement numerical prediction, such as precipitation nowcasting, monthly precipitation projection and extreme precipitation event identification. In data-driven precipitation forecasting, the predictive uncertainty arises mainly from data and model uncertainties. Current deep learning forecasting methods could model the parametric uncertainty by random sampling from the parameters. However, the data uncertainty is usually ignored in the forecasting process and the derivation of predictive uncertainty is incomplete. In this study, the input data uncertainty, target data uncertainty and model uncertainty are jointly modeled in a deep learning precipitation forecasting framework to estimate the predictive uncertainty. Specifically, the data uncertainty is estimated a priori and the input uncertainty is propagated forward through model weights according to the law of error propagation. The model uncertainty is considered by sampling from the parameters and is coupled with input and target data uncertainties in the objective function during the training process. Finally, the predictive uncertainty is produced by propagating the input uncertainty in the testing process. The experimental results indicate that the proposed joint uncertainty modeling framework for precipitation forecasting exhibits better forecasting accuracy (improving RMSE by 1 %–2 % and R 2 by 1 %–7 % on average) relative to several existing methods, and could reduce the predictive uncertainty by ∼28 % relative to the approach of Loquercio et al. (2020). The incorporation of data uncertainty in the objective function changes the distributions of model weights of the forecasting model and the proposed method can slightly smooth the model weights, leading to the reduction of predictive uncertainty relative to the method of Loquercio et al. (2020). The predictive accuracy is improved in the proposed method by ...
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Listening and Speaking for Real-World Communication

Melissa H. Yu / Barry Lee Reynolds / Chen Ding

SAGE Open, Vol

What Teachers Do and What Students Learn From Classroom Assessments

2021 Volume 11

Abstract: Even though standardized international communication tests have been frequently studied, very little research has explored how teachers planned listening and speaking classroom assessments or which classroom-based tests were more beneficial for teaching ... ...

Abstract	Even though standardized international communication tests have been frequently studied, very little research has explored how teachers planned listening and speaking classroom assessments or which classroom-based tests were more beneficial for teaching real-world English communication. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken to investigate these assessment issues among five English as foreign language teachers and 24 of their students through the collection and analysis of classroom observation and post assessment interview data. While teachers tended to draw on textbook listening and speaking activities to assess those skills, how they graded students focused heavily on the students’ communicative competence as listeners and speakers of English rather than on their ability to answer comprehension questions correctly in the classroom assessments. Students identified a mismatch between classroom instruction and assessments and also a mismatch between the English used in assessments and the English used in real-world communication.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: "In my age, we didn't have the computers"

Catherine H Yu / Maggie McCann / Joanna Sale

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

Using a complexity lens to understand uptake of diabetes eHealth innovations into primary care-A qualitative study.

2021 Volume 0254157

Abstract: Background Shared decision-making is a central component of person-centred care and can be facilitated with the use of patient decision aids (PtDA). Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making and PtDA use have been identified, yet integration of ...

Abstract	Background Shared decision-making is a central component of person-centred care and can be facilitated with the use of patient decision aids (PtDA). Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making and PtDA use have been identified, yet integration of PtDAs into clinical care is limited. We sought to understand why, using the concepts of complexity science. Methods We conducted 60-minute in-depth interviews with patients with diabetes, primary care physicians, nurses and dietitians who had participated in a randomized controlled trial examining the impact of MyDiabetesPlan (an online goal-setting PtDA). Relying on a qualitative description approach, we used a semi-structured interview guide to explore participants' experiences with using MyDiabetesPlan and how it was integrated into the clinical encounter and clinical care. Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim, then coded independently by two analysts. Findings 17 interviews were conducted (5 physicians, 3 nurses, 2 dietitians, 7 patients). Two themes were developed: (1) MyDiabetesPlan appeared to empower patients by providing tailored patient-important information which engaged them in decision-making and self-care. Patients' use of MyDiabetesPlan was however impacted by their competing medical conditions, other life priorities and socioeconomic context. (2) MyDiabetesPlan emphasized to clinicians a patient-centred approach that helped patients assume greater ownership for their care. Clinicians' use of MyDiabetesPlan was impacted by pre-existing clinical tools/workplans, workflow, technical issues, clinic administrative logistics and support, and time. How clinicians adapted to these barriers influenced the degree to which MyDiabetesPlan was integrated into care. Conclusions A complexity lens (that considers relationships between multiple components of a complex system) may yield additional insights to optimize integration of PtDA into clinical care. A complexity lens recognizes that shared decision-making does not occur in the vacuum of a clinical dyad ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Aerosol–meteorology feedback diminishes the transboundary transport of black carbon into the Tibetan Plateau

Y. Hu / H. Yu / S. Kang / J. Yang / M. Rai / X. Yin / X. Chen / P. Chen

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 24, Pp 85-

2024 Volume 107

Abstract: Black carbon (BC) exerts potential effects on climate, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where the cryosphere and environment are very sensitive to climate change. The TP saw a record-breaking aerosol pollution event during the period from 20 April ...

Abstract	Black carbon (BC) exerts potential effects on climate, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where the cryosphere and environment are very sensitive to climate change. The TP saw a record-breaking aerosol pollution event during the period from 20 April to 10 May 2016. This paper investigates the meteorological causes of the severe aerosol pollution event, the transboundary transport flux of BC, the aerosol–meteorology feedback, and its effect on the transboundary transport flux of BC during the severe aerosol pollution event using observational and reanalysis datasets as well as simulation based on a coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model, Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). By analyzing weather maps derived from the reanalysis dataset, it is found that the plateau vortex and southerly winds were key factors that contributed to the severe aerosol pollution event. Subsequently, due to the good performance of the WRF-Chem model for the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological conditions and aerosols, the transboundary transport flux of BC during the pollution event was investigated. The results show that the vertically integrated cross-Himalayan transport flux of BC decreases from west to east, with the largest transport flux of 20.8 mg m −2 s −1 occurring at the deepest mountain valley in southwestern TP. Results from simulations with and without aerosol–meteorology feedback show that aerosols induce significant changes in meteorological conditions in the southern TP and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with the atmospheric stratification being more stable and the planetary boundary layer height decreasing in both regions, and the 10 m wind speed increasing in the southern TP but decreasing in the IGP. Changes in meteorological conditions in turn lead to a decrease in the surface BC concentration in the southern TP of up to 0.16 µ g m −3 (50 %) and an increase in the surface BC concentration in the IGP of up to 2.2 µ g m −3 (75 %). In addition, it is found ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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