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  1. Article: Rare

    Oka, Akira / Hadano, Shinji / Ueda, Mahoko Takahashi / Nakagawa, So / Komaki, Gen / Ando, Tetsuya

    Heliyon

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e28643

    Abstract: Eating disorders (EDs) are a type of psychiatric disorder characterized by pathological eating and related behavior and considered to be highly heritable. The purpose of this study was to explore rare variants expected to display biological functions ... ...

    Abstract Eating disorders (EDs) are a type of psychiatric disorder characterized by pathological eating and related behavior and considered to be highly heritable. The purpose of this study was to explore rare variants expected to display biological functions associated with the etiology of EDs. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of affected sib-pairs corresponding to disease subtype through their lifetime and their parents. From those results, rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) concordant with sib-pairs were extracted and estimated to be most deleterious in the examined families. Two non-synonymous SNVs located on corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28643
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Effect of PCDH19 missense mutations on cell-to-cell proximity and neuronal development under heterotypic conditions.

    Motosugi, Nami / Sugiyama, Akiko / Otomo, Asako / Sakata, Yuka / Araki, Takuma / Hadano, Shinji / Kumasaka, Natsuhiko / Fukuda, Atsushi

    PNAS nexus

    2024  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) pgae060

    Abstract: The mutation of the X-linked protocadherin (PCDH) 19 gene in heterozygous females causes epilepsy. However, because of the erosion of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female human pluripotent stem cells, precise disease modeling often leads to failure. ...

    Abstract The mutation of the X-linked protocadherin (PCDH) 19 gene in heterozygous females causes epilepsy. However, because of the erosion of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female human pluripotent stem cells, precise disease modeling often leads to failure. In this study, using a mathematical approach and induced pluripotent stem cells retaining XCI derived from patients with PCDH19 missense mutations, we found that heterotypic conditions, which are composed of wild-type and missense PCDH19, led to significant cell-to-cell proximity and impaired neuronal differentiation, accompanied by the aberrant accumulation of doublecortin, a microtubule-associated protein. Our findings suggest that ease of adhesion between cells expressing either wild-type or missense PCDH19 might lead to aberrant cell aggregation in early embryonic phases, causing poor neuronal development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2752-6542
    ISSN (online) 2752-6542
    DOI 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae060
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: AI-based protein structure databases have the potential to accelerate rare diseases research: AlphaFoldDB and the case of IAHSP/Alsin.

    Rossi Sebastiano, Matteo / Ermondi, Giuseppe / Hadano, Shinji / Caron, Giulia

    Drug discovery today

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 1652–1660

    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based protein structure databases are expected to have an impact on drug discovery. Here, we show how AlphaFold could support rare diseases research programs. We focus on Alsin, a protein responsible for rare motor neuron ... ...

    Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)-based protein structure databases are expected to have an impact on drug discovery. Here, we show how AlphaFold could support rare diseases research programs. We focus on Alsin, a protein responsible for rare motor neuron diseases, such as infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) and juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS), and involved in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). First, we compared the AlphaFoldDB human Alsin model with homology models of Alsin domains. We then evaluated the flexibility profile of Alsin and of experimentally characterized mutants present in patients with IAHSP. Next, we compared preliminary models of dimeric/tetrameric Alsin responsible for its physiological action with hypothetical models reported in the literature. Finally, we suggest the best animal model for drug candidates testing. Overall, we computationally show that drug discovery efforts toward Alsin-involving diseases should be pursued.
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Databases, Protein ; Humans ; Rare Diseases/drug therapy ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1324988-5
    ISSN 1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
    ISSN (online) 1878-5832
    ISSN 1359-6446
    DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Personalized Treatment for Infantile Ascending Hereditary Spastic Paralysis Based on In Silico Strategies.

    Rossi Sebastiano, Matteo / Ermondi, Giuseppe / Sato, Kai / Otomo, Asako / Hadano, Shinji / Caron, Giulia

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 20

    Abstract: Infantile onset hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) is a rare neurological disease diagnosed in less than 50 children worldwide. It is transmitted with a recessive pattern and originates from mutations of ... ...

    Abstract Infantile onset hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) is a rare neurological disease diagnosed in less than 50 children worldwide. It is transmitted with a recessive pattern and originates from mutations of the
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Tryptophan/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Lysine/genetics ; Muscle Spasticity ; Precision Medicine ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/chemistry ; Mutation ; Paralysis ; Arginine/genetics
    Chemical Substances Tryptophan (8DUH1N11BX) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6) ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27207063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The N-terminal intrinsically disordered region mediates intracellular localization and self-oligomerization of ALS2

    Shimakura, Kento / Sato, Kai / Mitsui, Shun / Ono, Suzuka / Otomo, Asako / Hadano, Shinji

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2021 Sept. 10, v. 569

    2021  

    Abstract: ALS2, a product of the causative gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of endosome dynamics by activating small GTPase Rab5 via its intrinsic guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity. ... ...

    Abstract ALS2, a product of the causative gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of endosome dynamics by activating small GTPase Rab5 via its intrinsic guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity. Previously, we have reported that the N-terminal region of ALS2 has crucial roles in its endosomal localization and self-oligomerization, both of which are indispensable for the cellular function of ALS2. The N-terminus of ALS2 contains the regulator of chromosome condensation 1-like domain (RLD), which is predicted to form a seven-bladed β-propeller structure. Interestingly, the RLD is interrupted by the intrinsically disordered region (IDR), within which there are several amino acid residues which undergo phosphorylation. In this study, we sought to investigate as to whether and how the IDR as well as phosphorylation at either Ser483, Ser492 or Thr510 affect the intracellular localization and self-oligomerization of ALS2. All phospho- and dephospho-mimetic ALS2 mutants that were transiently expressed in HeLa cells were diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol with a partial localization to early endosomes. When expressed under Rac1-activating conditions, these mutants were localized to membrane ruffles as well as enlarged endosomes. Further, gel-filtration analysis revealed that these mutants primarily existed as a tetramer in cells. However, all these phenotypes were indistinguishable from those of wild-type ALS2. On the other hand, IDR-deleted ALS2 mutant was exclusively present in perinuclear aggregates colocalizing with the autophagy-related protein SQSTM1. Moreover, IDR-deleted ALS2 mutant formed an abnormally high molecular weight complex compared to wild-type ALS2. These results indicate that the IDR of ALS2 plays a crucial role not only in the regulation of intracellular localization but also in the self-oligomerization of ALS2 in cells, whereas phosphorylation of certain residues within the IDR exerts limited effects on such phenotypes.
    Keywords amino acids ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; chromosome morphology ; cytosol ; endosomes ; gel chromatography ; genes ; guanine ; guanosinetriphosphatase ; molecular weight ; mutants ; phosphorylation ; research
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0910
    Size p. 106-111.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.095
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: The N-terminal intrinsically disordered region mediates intracellular localization and self-oligomerization of ALS2.

    Shimakura, Kento / Sato, Kai / Mitsui, Shun / Ono, Suzuka / Otomo, Asako / Hadano, Shinji

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2021  Volume 569, Page(s) 106–111

    Abstract: ALS2, a product of the causative gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of endosome dynamics by activating small GTPase Rab5 via its intrinsic guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity. ... ...

    Abstract ALS2, a product of the causative gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of endosome dynamics by activating small GTPase Rab5 via its intrinsic guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity. Previously, we have reported that the N-terminal region of ALS2 has crucial roles in its endosomal localization and self-oligomerization, both of which are indispensable for the cellular function of ALS2. The N-terminus of ALS2 contains the regulator of chromosome condensation 1-like domain (RLD), which is predicted to form a seven-bladed β-propeller structure. Interestingly, the RLD is interrupted by the intrinsically disordered region (IDR), within which there are several amino acid residues which undergo phosphorylation. In this study, we sought to investigate as to whether and how the IDR as well as phosphorylation at either Ser483, Ser492 or Thr510 affect the intracellular localization and self-oligomerization of ALS2. All phospho- and dephospho-mimetic ALS2 mutants that were transiently expressed in HeLa cells were diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol with a partial localization to early endosomes. When expressed under Rac1-activating conditions, these mutants were localized to membrane ruffles as well as enlarged endosomes. Further, gel-filtration analysis revealed that these mutants primarily existed as a tetramer in cells. However, all these phenotypes were indistinguishable from those of wild-type ALS2. On the other hand, IDR-deleted ALS2 mutant was exclusively present in perinuclear aggregates colocalizing with the autophagy-related protein SQSTM1. Moreover, IDR-deleted ALS2 mutant formed an abnormally high molecular weight complex compared to wild-type ALS2. These results indicate that the IDR of ALS2 plays a crucial role not only in the regulation of intracellular localization but also in the self-oligomerization of ALS2 in cells, whereas phosphorylation of certain residues within the IDR exerts limited effects on such phenotypes.
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/chemistry ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/genetics ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Transport ; Sequestosome-1 Protein/metabolism ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ALS2 protein, human ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ; SQSTM1 protein, human ; Sequestosome-1 Protein ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.095
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: High-throughput quantitative analysis of axonal transport in cultured neurons from SOD1

    Otomo, Asako / Ono, Suzuka / Sato, Kai / Mitsui, Shun / Shimakura, Kento / Kimura, Hiroshi / Hadano, Shinji

    Neuroscience research

    2021  Volume 174, Page(s) 46–52

    Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of motor neurons. We have previously shown that autophagosome-like vesicular structures are progressively accumulated in the spinal axons of an ALS mouse ... ...

    Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of motor neurons. We have previously shown that autophagosome-like vesicular structures are progressively accumulated in the spinal axons of an ALS mouse model, overexpressing human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutant, prior to the onset of motor symptoms. This suggests that axonal transport perturbation can be an early sign of neuronal dysfunction. However, the exact causal relationship between axonal transport deficits and neurodegeneration is not fully understood. To clarify whether axonal transport of organelles even in neurons at early developmental stages was affected by overexpression of mutant SOD1, we conducted a microfluidic device-based high-throughput quantitative analysis of the axonal transport of acidic vesicles and mitochondria in primary cultured cortical neurons established from SOD1
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase-1/genetics
    Chemical Substances Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Superoxide Dismutase-1 (EC 1.15.1.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-02
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605842-5
    ISSN 1872-8111 ; 0168-0102 ; 0921-8696
    ISSN (online) 1872-8111
    ISSN 0168-0102 ; 0921-8696
    DOI 10.1016/j.neures.2021.07.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: De-erosion of X chromosome dosage compensation by the editing of

    Motosugi, Nami / Sugiyama, Akiko / Okada, Chisa / Otomo, Asako / Umezawa, Akihiro / Akutsu, Hidenori / Hadano, Shinji / Fukuda, Atsushi

    Cell reports methods

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) 100352

    Abstract: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) regularly and irreversibly show the erosion of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ...

    Abstract Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) regularly and irreversibly show the erosion of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
    Chemical Substances XIST non-coding RNA ; RNA, Long Noncoding
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2667-2375
    ISSN (online) 2667-2375
    DOI 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100352
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Central nervous system specific high molecular weight ALS2/alsin homophilic complex is enriched in mouse brain synaptosomes.

    Sato, Kai / Suzuki-Utsunomiya, Kyoko / Mitsui, Shun / Ono, Suzuka / Shimakura, Kento / Otomo, Asako / Hadano, Shinji

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2022  Volume 638, Page(s) 168–175

    Abstract: ALS2/alsin, the causative gene product for a number of juvenile recessive motor neuron diseases, acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab5, regulating early endosome trafficking and maturation. It has been demonstrated that ALS2 forms a ...

    Abstract ALS2/alsin, the causative gene product for a number of juvenile recessive motor neuron diseases, acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab5, regulating early endosome trafficking and maturation. It has been demonstrated that ALS2 forms a tetramer, and this oligomerization is essential for its GEF activity and endosomal localization in established cancer cells. However, despite that ALS2 deficiency is implicated in neurological diseases, neither the subcellular distribution of ALS2 nor the form of its complex in the central nervous system (CNS) has been investigated. In this study, we showed that ALS2 in the brain was enriched both in synaptosomal and cytosolic fractions, while those in the liver were almost exclusively present in cytosolic fraction by differential centrifugation. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that cytosolic ALS2 prepared both from the brain and liver formed a tetramer. Remarkably, synaptosomal ALS2 existed as a high-molecular weight complex in addition to a tetramer. Such complex was also observed not only in embryonic brain but also several neuronal and glial cultures, but not in fibroblast-derived cell lines. Thus, the high-molecular weight ALS2 complex represents a unique form of ALS2-homophilic oligomers in the CNS, which may play a role in the maintenance of neural function.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Synaptosomes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Als2 protein, mouse ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: ALS2, the small GTPase Rab17-interacting protein, regulates maturation and sorting of Rab17-associated endosomes

    Ono, Suzuka / Otomo, Asako / Murakoshi, Shuji / Mitsui, Shun / Sato, Kai / Fukuda, Mitsunori / Hadano, Shinji

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2020 Mar. 19, v. 523, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: Small GTPase Rab17 has been shown to regulate a wide range of physiological processes including cell migration in tumor cells and dendrite morphogenesis in neurons. However, molecular mechanism underlying Rab17-mediated intracellular trafficking is still ...

    Abstract Small GTPase Rab17 has been shown to regulate a wide range of physiological processes including cell migration in tumor cells and dendrite morphogenesis in neurons. However, molecular mechanism underlying Rab17-mediated intracellular trafficking is still unclear. To address this issue, we focused on Rab17-interacting protein ALS2, which was also known as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab5, and investigated how ALS2 contributed to Rab17-associated membrane trafficking in cells. Rab17 was primarily localized to endosomal compartments, particularly to recycling endosomes, which was dependent on Rab11 expression. Upon Rac1 activation, Rab17 along with ALS2 was recruited to membrane ruffles and early endosomes in a Rab5 activity-independent manner. While RABGEF1, another Rab17-interacting Rab5 GEF, functioned as a GEF for Rab17, ALS2 did not possess such catalytic activity but merely interacted with Rab17. Importantly, ALS2 acted downstream of RABGEF1, regulating the maturation of Rab17-residing nascent endosomes to early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1)-positive early endosomes. Further, these Rab17-residing nascent endosomes were arisen via clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). Collectively, ALS2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of Rab17-associated endosomal trafficking and maturation, probably through their physical interaction, in cells.
    Keywords antigens ; catalytic activity ; cell movement ; endocytosis ; endosomes ; guanine nucleotide exchange factors ; guanosinetriphosphatase ; morphogenesis ; neoplasms ; research
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0319
    Size p. 908-915.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.122
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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