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Article ; Online: Diabetes mellitus among adults with tuberculosis in the USA, 2010-2017.

Armstrong, Lori R / Kammerer, J Steve / Haddad, Maryam B

2020 Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract: Introduction: To describe diabetes trends among adults with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease and examine diabetes-associated TB characteristics and patient outcomes in the USA.: Research design and methods: We examined all 71 855 persons aged ≥20 ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: To describe diabetes trends among adults with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease and examine diabetes-associated TB characteristics and patient outcomes in the USA. Research design and methods: We examined all 71 855 persons aged ≥20 years with incident TB disease reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System during 2010-2017. We performed multivariable logistic regression, comparing characteristics and outcomes among patients with TB reported to have diabetes and those whose diabetes status was unknown. Results: An overall 18% (n=13 281) of the 71 855 adults with incident TB disease were reported as also having diabetes; the annual proportion increased from 15% in 2010 to 22% in 2017. Among patients aged ≥45 years with both TB and diabetes, the adjusted OR for cavitary or sputum smear-positive TB was 1.7 and 1.5, respectively (95% CIs 1.5 to 1.8 and 1.4 to 1.6). Patients with TB and diabetes had 30% greater odds of dying and took longer to achieve negative Conclusions: The prevalence of reported diabetes among adults with TB disease has increased. Having diabetes as a comorbidity negatively affects patient outcomes. In accordance with national recommendations, all patients aged ≥45 years and all younger patients who have risk factors for diabetes should be screened for diabetes at the start of TB treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2732918-5
ISSN	2052-4897 ; 2052-4897
ISSN (online)	2052-4897
ISSN	2052-4897
DOI	10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001275
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Innovative Approaches to COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing.

Haddad, Maryam B / McLean, Jody E / Feldman, Sue S / Sizemore, Erin E / Taylor, Melanie M

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

2022 Volume 137, Issue 2_suppl, Page(s) 5S–10S

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Contact Tracing ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; Mobile Applications
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120953-x
ISSN	1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
ISSN (online)	1468-2877
ISSN	0033-3549
DOI	10.1177/00333549221120454
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Article ; Online: Factoring Prior Treatment into Tuberculosis Infection Prevalence Estimates, United States, 2011-2012.

Vonnahme, Laura A / Haddad, Maryam B / Navin, Thomas R

Emerging infectious diseases

2019 Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 1949–1951

Abstract: To refine estimates of how many persons in the United States are candidates for treatment of latent tuberculosis, we removed from analysis persons who self-reported prior treatment on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. We ... ...

Abstract	To refine estimates of how many persons in the United States are candidates for treatment of latent tuberculosis, we removed from analysis persons who self-reported prior treatment on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. We estimate that 12.6 million persons could benefit from treatment to prevent active tuberculosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2510.190439
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis Genotype Clusters and Transmission in the U.S., 2009-2018.

Wortham, Jonathan M / Li, Rongxia / Althomsons, Sandy P / Kammerer, Steve / Haddad, Maryam B / Powell, Krista M

American journal of preventive medicine

2021 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 201–208

Abstract: Introduction: In the U.S., universal genotyping of culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases facilitates cluster detection. Early recognition of the small clusters more likely to become outbreaks can help prioritize public health resources for immediate ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the U.S., universal genotyping of culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases facilitates cluster detection. Early recognition of the small clusters more likely to become outbreaks can help prioritize public health resources for immediate interventions. Methods: This study used national surveillance data reported during 2009-2018 to describe incident clusters (≥3 tuberculosis cases with matching genotypes not previously reported in the same county); data were analyzed during 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the patient characteristics associated with clusters doubling in size to ≥6 cases. Results: During 2009-2018, a total of 1,516 incident clusters (comprising 6,577 cases) occurred in 47 U.S. states; 231 clusters had ≥6 cases. Clusters of ≥6 cases disproportionately included patients who used substances, who had recently experienced homelessness, who were incarcerated, who were U.S. born, or who self-identified as being of American Indian or Alaska Native race or of Black race. A median of 54 months elapsed between the first and the third cases in clusters that remained at 3-5 cases compared with a median of 9.5 months in clusters that grew to ≥6 cases. The longer time between the first and third cases and the presence of ≥1 patient aged ≥65 years among the first 3 cases predicted a lower hazard for accumulating ≥6 cases. Conclusions: Clusters accumulating ≥3 cases within a year should be prioritized for intervention. Effective response strategies should include plans for targeted outreach to U.S.-born individuals, incarcerated people, those experiencing homelessness, people using substances, and individuals self-identifying as being of American Indian or Alaska Native race or of Black race.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2021.02.006
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis Outbreaks in State Prisons, United States, 2011-2019.

Stewart, Rebekah J / Raz, Kala M / Burns, Scott P / Kammerer, J Steve / Haddad, Maryam B / Silk, Benjamin J / Wortham, Jonathan M

American journal of public health

2022 Volume 112, Issue 8, Page(s) 1170–1179

Abstract: Objectives. ...

Abstract	Objectives.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Humans ; Prisoners ; Prisons ; Texas ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2022.306864
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Article ; Online: Estimated rates of progression to tuberculosis disease for persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States.

Ekramnia, Mina / Li, Yunfei / Haddad, Maryam B / Marks, Suzanne M / Kammerer, J Steve / Swartwood, Nicole A / Cohen, Ted / Miller, Jeffrey W / Horsburgh, C Robert / Salomon, Joshua A / Menzies, Nicolas A

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

2023 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–173

Abstract: Background: In the United States, over 80% of tuberculosis (TB) disease cases are estimated to result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired more than 2 years previously ("reactivation TB"). We estimated reactivation TB rates for the ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the United States, over 80% of tuberculosis (TB) disease cases are estimated to result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired more than 2 years previously ("reactivation TB"). We estimated reactivation TB rates for the US population with LTBI, overall, by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and US-born status, and for selected comorbidities (diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and HIV). Methods: We collated nationally representative data for 2011-2012. Reactivation TB incidence was based on TB cases reported to the National TB Surveillance System that were attributed to LTBI reactivation. Person-years at risk of reactivation TB were calculated using interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, published values for interferon-gamma release assay sensitivity and specificity, and population estimates from the American Community Survey. Results: For persons aged ≥6 years with LTBI, the overall reactivation rate was estimated as 0.072 (95% uncertainty interval: 0.047, 0.12) per 100 person-years. Estimated reactivation rates declined with age. Compared to the overall population, estimated reactivation rates were higher for persons with diabetes (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.6 [1.5, 1.7]), end-stage renal disease (aRR = 9.8 [5.4, 19]), and HIV (aRR = 12 [10, 13]). Conclusions: In our study, individuals with LTBI faced small, non-negligible risks of reactivation TB. Risks were elevated for individuals with medical comorbidities that weaken immune function.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1053263-8
ISSN	1531-5487 ; 1044-3983
ISSN (online)	1531-5487
ISSN	1044-3983
DOI	10.1097/EDE.0000000000001707
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Article ; Online: Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis - Kansas, 2021-2022.

Groenweghe, Elizabeth / Swensson, Lauren / Winans, Kimberly D / Griffin, Phillip / Haddad, Maryam B / Brostrom, Richard J / Tuckey, Dawn / Lam, Chee Kin / Armitige, Lisa Y / Seaworth, Barbara J / Corriveau, Erin A

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2023 Volume 72, Issue 35, Page(s) 957–960

Abstract: An outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) involved 13 persons in four households in a low-income, under-resourced urban Kansas community during November 2021-November 2022. A majority of the seven adults identified in the Kansas outbreak ...

Abstract	An outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) involved 13 persons in four households in a low-income, under-resourced urban Kansas community during November 2021-November 2022. A majority of the seven adults identified in the Kansas outbreak were born outside the United States in a country that had experienced an MDR TB outbreak with the same genotype during 2007-2009, whereas most of the six children in the Kansas outbreak were U.S.-born. Prompt identification, evaluation, and treatment of persons with MDR TB and their contacts is essential to limiting transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Kansas/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Poverty ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm7235a4
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Article ; Online: Recommendations for Use of Video Directly Observed Therapy During Tuberculosis Treatment - United States, 2023.

Mangan, Joan M / Woodruff, Rachel S / Winston, Carla A / Nabity, Scott A / Haddad, Maryam B / Dixon, Meredith G / Parvez, Farah M / Sera-Josef, Carissa / Salmon-Trejo, LaTweika A T / Lam, Chee Kin

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2023 Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) 313–316

Abstract: U.S. clinical practice guidelines recommend directly observed therapy (DOT) as the standard of care for tuberculosis (TB) treatment (1). DOT, during which a health care worker observes a patient ingesting the TB medications, has typically been conducted ... ...

Abstract	U.S. clinical practice guidelines recommend directly observed therapy (DOT) as the standard of care for tuberculosis (TB) treatment (1). DOT, during which a health care worker observes a patient ingesting the TB medications, has typically been conducted in person. Video DOT (vDOT) uses video-enabled devices to facilitate remote interactions between patients and health care workers to promote medication adherence and clinical monitoring. Published systematic reviews, a published meta-analysis, and a literature search through 2022 demonstrate that vDOT is associated with a higher proportion of medication doses being observed and similar proportions of cases with treatment completion and microbiologic resolution when compared with in-person DOT (2-5). Based on this evidence, CDC has updated the recommendation for DOT during TB treatment to include vDOT as an equivalent alternative to in-person DOT. vDOT can assist health department TB programs meet the U.S. standard of care for patients undergoing TB treatment, while using resources efficiently.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Directly Observed Therapy ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Telemedicine ; Medication Adherence
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm7212a4
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Article ; Online: Systematic contact investigation: An essential infection prevention skill to prevent tuberculosis transmission in healthcare settings.

Adams, Tamasin / Miller, Krystal / Law, Michelle / Pitcher, Erika / Chinpar, Biak / White, Kelly / Deutsch-Feldman, Molly / Li, Ruoran / Filardo, Thomas D / Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C / Schwartz, Noah G / Haddad, Maryam B / Glowicz, Janet

American journal of infection control

2023 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 225–228

Abstract: A systematic approach to contact investigations has long been a cornerstone of interrupting the transmission of tuberculosis in community settings. This paper describes the implementation of a systematic 10-step contact investigation within an acute care ...

Abstract	A systematic approach to contact investigations has long been a cornerstone of interrupting the transmission of tuberculosis in community settings. This paper describes the implementation of a systematic 10-step contact investigation within an acute care setting during a multistate outbreak of healthcare-associated tuberculosis. A systematic approach to contact investigations might have applicability to the prevention of other communicable infections within healthcare settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Contact Tracing ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Health Facilities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.014
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2015.

Mindra, Godwin / Wortham, Jonathan M / Haddad, Maryam B / Powell, Krista M

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

2017 Volume 132, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–163

Abstract: Objectives: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides on-site epidemiologic assistance for outbreak response when the health capacity of state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments has been exceeded. We examined recent ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides on-site epidemiologic assistance for outbreak response when the health capacity of state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments has been exceeded. We examined recent outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) for which health departments needed assistance. Methods: We defined a TB outbreak as detection of ≥3 TB cases related by transmission, as suggested by routine genotyping and epidemiologic linkages. We conducted retrospective reviews of documentation from all 21 TB outbreak investigations in the United States for which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided on-site assistance during 2009-2015. We abstracted data on patients' demographic characteristics and TB risk factors, as well as factors contributing to the outbreak from trip reports written by on-site investigators, and we compared these with outbreaks investigated during 2002-2008. Results: The 21 TB outbreaks during 2009-2015 involved 457 outbreak patients (range, 3-99 patients per outbreak). Of the 21 outbreaks, 16 were first identified through genotype data. In sum, 118 (26%) patients were identified through contact investigations of other patients in the outbreak. Most outbreak patients (n = 363, 79%) were US born. Ninety-two (26%) patients had a mental illness, 204 (45%) had been homeless in the year before diagnosis, and 379 (83%) used alcohol excessively or used illicit substances. The proportion of patients experiencing homelessness doubled between 2002-2008 and 2009-2015; other characteristics were similar between the 2 periods. Delayed TB diagnosis contributed to unmitigated transmission in all but 1 outbreak. Conclusions: TB outbreaks challenge frontline public health resources. Genotyping and contact investigations are important strategies for detecting and controlling TB outbreaks, particularly among people experiencing homelessness or those with mental illness.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120953-x
ISSN	1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
ISSN (online)	1468-2877
ISSN	0033-3549
DOI	10.1177/0033354916688270
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