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Article ; Online: Use of a non-anatomic mini-fragment fixation system for foot fractures.

Hague, Matthew / Pintar, Valeria / Nielsen, Dominic / Trompeter, Alex

2023 Volume 93, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 1924–1929

Abstract: Background: Plating techniques for the fixation of foot fractures can utilize pre-contoured region-specific plates or non-anatomic non-specific mini-fragment plating systems, however there is limited published data describing complication rates.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Plating techniques for the fixation of foot fractures can utilize pre-contoured region-specific plates or non-anatomic non-specific mini-fragment plating systems, however there is limited published data describing complication rates. Methods: This study reviewed the complication rates and performed a cost analysis of 45 foot fractures that had fixation with the use of mini-fragment non-anatomic implants, comparing them to a series from the same centre fixed using anatomic implants and the published literature. Results: Complication rates seemed equivalent. Cost analysis demonstrated that non-anatomic implants were more expensive on average. Conclusions: Non-anatomic mini-fragment fixation is an appropriate method for use in a variety of foot trauma situations, with comparable complication rates to pre-contoured implants, although the potential for cost savings has not been realized in this patient cohort.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Prostheses and Implants ; Knee Injuries ; Ankle Injuries ; Bone Plates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-11
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050749-5
ISSN	1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
ISSN (online)	1445-2197
ISSN	1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
DOI	10.1111/ans.18567
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Book ; Online: Parikh's Theorem Made Symbolic

Hague, Matthew / Jeż, Artur / Lin, Anthony W.

2023

Abstract: Parikh's Theorem is a fundamental result in automata theory with numerous applications in computer science: software verification (e.g. infinite-state verification, string constraints, and theory of arrays), verification of cryptographic protocols (e.g. ... ...

Abstract	Parikh's Theorem is a fundamental result in automata theory with numerous applications in computer science: software verification (e.g. infinite-state verification, string constraints, and theory of arrays), verification of cryptographic protocols (e.g. using Horn clauses modulo equational theories) and database querying (e.g. evaluating path-queries in graph databases). Parikh's Theorem states that the letter-counting abstraction of a language recognized by finite automata or context-free grammars is definable in Presburger Arithmetic. Unfortunately, real-world applications typically require large alphabets - which are well-known to be not amenable to explicit treatment of the alphabets. Symbolic automata have proven in the last decade to be an effective algorithmic framework for handling large finite or even infinite alphabets. A symbolic automaton employs an effective boolean algebra, which offers a symbolic representation of character sets and often lends itself to an exponentially more succinct representation of a language. Instead of letter-counting, Parikh's Theorem for symbolic automata amounts to counting the number of times different predicates are satisfied by an input sequence. Unfortunately, naively applying Parikh's Theorem from classical automata theory to symbolic automata yields existential Presburger formulas of exponential size. We provide a new construction for Parikh's Theorem for symbolic automata and grammars, which avoids this exponential blowup: our algorithm computes an existential formula in polynomial-time over (quantifier-free) Presburger and the base theory. In fact, our algorithm extends to the model of parametric symbolic grammars, which are one of the most expressive models of languages over infinite alphabets. We have implemented our algorithm and show it can be used to solve string constraints that are difficult to solve by existing solvers. Comment: Accepted tp POPL '24
Keywords	Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Subject code	511 ; 004
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Nailing distal tibial fractures: does entry technique affect distal alignment?

Hague, Matthew / Texeira, Dominic / Anderson, Thomas / Williamson, Mike / Trompeter, Alex

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie

2021

Abstract: Purpose: In treating distal third tibial fractures, restoration of the axial alignment and therefore accurate reduction of the distal fragment minimise the risk of tibiotalar joint malalignment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there was ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: In treating distal third tibial fractures, restoration of the axial alignment and therefore accurate reduction of the distal fragment minimise the risk of tibiotalar joint malalignment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there was a difference in accuracy of reduction and axial alignment, when nailing distal third tibial fractures using either the suprapatellar or the infrapatellar tibial nailing entry technique. Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared alignment of intramedullary nails performed for distal third tibial fractures between 2015 and 2018 through the suprapatellar and infrapatellar approach at a UK Level 1 trauma centre. It compared a consecutive series of 74 suprapatellar nails and 51 infrapatellar nails, with radiographic assessment of tibial alignment in the antero-posterior and sagittal planes. It included inter- and intra-observer analyses of radiographic measurements. Results: In the coronal plane, mean malalignment in the suprapatellar technique group was 2.8 ± 0.7° and 4.7 ± 0.9° in the infrapatellar technique group (P < 0.01). In the sagittal plane, mean malalignment in the suprapatellar technique group was 4.0 ± 0.8° and 3.5 ± 0.9° in the infrapatellar technique group (P = 0.42). Intra- and inter-observer analysis showed strongly positive correlations between observers. Conclusions: We suggest that the suprapatellar technique may improve coronal plane alignment when intramedullary nailing distal tibial fractures. There was no significant difference in alignment in the sagittal plane. We conclude that the suprapatellar technique may be superior in preventing malalignment when treating distal third tibial fractures, potentially improving clinical outcome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1231084-0
ISSN	1432-1068 ; 1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
ISSN (online)	1432-1068
ISSN	1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
DOI	10.1007/s00590-021-03148-0
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Article ; Online: Obesogenic and diabetic effects of CD44 in mice are sexually dimorphic and dependent on genetic background.

VerHague, Melissa / Albright, Jody / Barron, Keri / Kim, Myungsuk / Bennett, Brian J

Biology of sex differences

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

Abstract: Introduction: CD44 is a candidate gene for obesity and diabetes development and may be a critical mediator of a systemic inflammation associated with obesity and diabetes.: Methods: We investigated the relationship of CD44 with obesity in CD44- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: CD44 is a candidate gene for obesity and diabetes development and may be a critical mediator of a systemic inflammation associated with obesity and diabetes. Methods: We investigated the relationship of CD44 with obesity in CD44-deficient mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Results: In mice fed a diet high in fat, cholesterol, and sucrose for 12 weeks fat mass accumulation was reduced in CD44-deficient mice bred onto both a C57BL/6J and the naturally TLR deficient C3H/HeJ background. Reduced fat mass could not be attributed to lower food intake or an increase in energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry. However, we observed a 40-60% lower mRNA expression of the inflammation markers, F4/80, CD11b, TNF-α, and CD14, in adipose tissue of CD44-deficient mice on the C57BL/6J background but not the C3H/HeJ background, perhaps indicating that alternative factors may be affecting adiposity in this model. Measures of hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity were improved in CD44-deficient mice on a C57BL/6J but not in the C3H/HeJ mice. These results were highly sexually dimorphic as there were no detectable effects of CD44 inactivation in female mice on a C57BL/6 J or C3H/HeJ background. Conclusion: CD44 was associated with adiposity, liver fat, and glucose in male mice. However, the effects of CD44 on obesity may be independent of TLR4 signaling.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Genetic Background ; Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics ; Inflammation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cd44 protein, mouse ; Hyaluronan Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2587352-0
ISSN	2042-6410 ; 2042-6410
ISSN (online)	2042-6410
ISSN	2042-6410
DOI	10.1186/s13293-022-00426-2
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Article ; Online: How to investigate: Chronic pain.

Hague, Matthew / Shenker, Nicholas

Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology

2015 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 860–874

Abstract: Chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience persisting longer than the normal process of healing, usually longer than 3 months. About a fifth of the world's population is believed to suffer from chronic pain. In Europe, ... ...

Abstract	Chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience persisting longer than the normal process of healing, usually longer than 3 months. About a fifth of the world's population is believed to suffer from chronic pain. In Europe, chronic pain accounts for nearly 500 m lost working days, and it costs the European economy >€34 billion (£28 billion) every year. Establishing a reliable diagnosis is the primary challenge in evaluating a patient with chronic pain. Common diagnoses not to miss include seronegative spondyloarthritides, endocrine abnormalities including severe vitamin D deficiency and polymyalgia rheumatica. Once important or treatable diagnoses have been ruled out, the history can be used as a tool to establish a therapeutic plan for shared decision-making using the biopsychosocial model. Onward referral to pain clinics can be helpful for more involved patient management, but often good outcomes are achieved with the support of primary care.
MeSH term(s)	Chronic Pain/diagnosis ; Chronic Pain/epidemiology ; Chronic Pain/etiology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica/diagnosis ; Primary Health Care/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052323-3
ISSN	1532-1770 ; 1521-6942
ISSN (online)	1532-1770
ISSN	1521-6942
DOI	10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.005
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Article: Altered macronutrient composition and genetics influence the complex transcriptional network associated with adiposity in the Collaborative Cross.

Yam, Phoebe / VerHague, Melissa / Albright, Jody / Gertz, Erik / Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando / Bennett, Brian J

Genes & nutrition

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a serious disease with a complex etiology characterized by overaccumulation of adiposity resulting in detrimental health outcomes. Given the liver's critical role in the biological processes that attenuate adiposity accumulation, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Obesity is a serious disease with a complex etiology characterized by overaccumulation of adiposity resulting in detrimental health outcomes. Given the liver's critical role in the biological processes that attenuate adiposity accumulation, elucidating the influence of genetics and dietary patterns on hepatic gene expression is fundamental for improving methods of obesity prevention and treatment. To determine how genetics and diet impact obesity development, mice from 22 strains of the genetically diverse recombinant inbred Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse panel were challenged to either a high-protein or high-fat high-sucrose diet, followed by extensive phenotyping and analysis of hepatic gene expression. Results: Over 1000 genes differentially expressed by perturbed dietary macronutrient composition were enriched for biological processes related to metabolic pathways. Additionally, over 9000 genes were differentially expressed by strain and enriched for biological process involved in cell adhesion and signaling. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified multiple gene clusters (modules) associated with body fat % whose average expression levels were influenced by both dietary macronutrient composition and genetics. Each module was enriched for distinct types of biological functions. Conclusions: Genetic background affected hepatic gene expression in the CC overall, but diet macronutrient differences also altered expression of a specific subset of genes. Changes in macronutrient composition altered gene expression related to metabolic processes, while genetic background heavily influenced a broad range of cellular functions and processes irrespective of adiposity. Understanding the individual role of macronutrient composition, genetics, and their interaction is critical to developing therapeutic strategies and policy recommendations for precision nutrition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2416599-2
ISSN	1865-3499 ; 1555-8932
ISSN (online)	1865-3499
ISSN	1555-8932
DOI	10.1186/s12263-022-00714-x
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Book ; Online: Parameterised Pushdown Systems with Non-Atomic Writes

Hague, Matthew

2011

Abstract: We consider the master/slave parameterised reachability problem for networks of pushdown systems, where communication is via a global store using only non-atomic reads and writes. We show that the control-state reachability problem is decidable. As part ... ...

Abstract	We consider the master/slave parameterised reachability problem for networks of pushdown systems, where communication is via a global store using only non-atomic reads and writes. We show that the control-state reachability problem is decidable. As part of the result, we provide a constructive extension of a theorem by Ehrenfeucht and Rozenberg to produce an NFA equivalent to certain kinds of CFG. Finally, we show that the non-parameterised version is undecidable. Comment: This is the long version of a paper appearing in FSTTCS 2011
Keywords	Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Publishing date	2011-09-28
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Lung protective mechanical ventilation strategies in cardiothoracic critical care

Zochios V / Hague M / Giraud K / Jones N

International Journal of General Medicine, Vol Volume 9, Pp 415-

a retrospective study

2016 Volume 418

Abstract: Vasileios Zochios,1–3 Matthew Hague,3,4 Kimberly Giraud,5 Nicola Jones3 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 2Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of ... ...

Abstract	Vasileios Zochios,1–3 Matthew Hague,3,4 Kimberly Giraud,5 Nicola Jones3 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 2Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 3Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, 4Department of Medicine, Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester General Hospital, Colchester, 5Research and Development Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK Abstract: A body of evidence supports the use of low tidal volumes in ventilated patients without lung pathology to slow progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to ventilator associated lung injury. We undertook a retrospective chart review and tested the hypothesis that tidal volume is a predictor of mortality in cardiothoracic (medical and surgical) critical care patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Independent predictors of mortality in our study included: type of surgery, albumin, H+, bilirubin, and fluid balance. In particular, it is important to note that cardiac, thoracic, and transplant surgical patients were associated with lower mortality. However, our study did not sample equally from The Berlin Definition of ARDS severity categories (mild, moderate, and severe hypoxemia). Although our study was not adequately powered to detect a difference in mortality between these groups, it will inform the development of a large prospective cohort study exploring the role of low tidal volume ventilation in cardiothoracic critically ill patients. Keywords: lung protective ventilation, cardiothoracic critical care, acute respiratory distress syndrome, invasive mechanical ventilation
Keywords	lung protective ventilation ; cardiothoracic critical care ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; invasive mechanical ventilation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross.

Yam, Phoebe / Albright, Jody / VerHague, Melissa / Gertz, Erik R / Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando / Bennett, Brian J

Frontiers in genetics

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 615012

Abstract: Defined as chronic excessive accumulation of adiposity, obesity results from long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The mechanisms behind how caloric imbalance occurs are complex and influenced by numerous biological and environmental ...

Abstract	Defined as chronic excessive accumulation of adiposity, obesity results from long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The mechanisms behind how caloric imbalance occurs are complex and influenced by numerous biological and environmental factors, especially genetics, and diet. Population-based diet recommendations have had limited success partly due to the wide variation in physiological responses across individuals when they consume the same diet. Thus, it is necessary to broaden our understanding of how individual genetics and diet interact relative to the development of obesity for improving weight loss treatment. To determine how consumption of diets with different macronutrient composition alter adiposity and other obesity-related traits in a genetically diverse population, we analyzed body composition, metabolic rate, clinical blood chemistries, and circulating metabolites in 22 strains of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC), a highly diverse recombinant inbred mouse population, before and after 8 weeks of feeding either a high protein or high fat high sucrose diet. At both baseline and post-diet, adiposity and other obesity-related traits exhibited a broad range of phenotypic variation based on CC strain; diet-induced changes in adiposity and other traits also depended largely on CC strain. In addition to estimating heritability at baseline, we also quantified the effect size of diet for each trait, which varied by trait and experimental diet. Our findings identified CC strains prone to developing obesity, demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of the CC for studying complex traits, and highlight the importance of accounting for genetic differences when making dietary recommendations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2020.615012
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Article: Lung protective mechanical ventilation strategies in cardiothoracic critical care: a retrospective study.

Zochios, Vasileios / Hague, Matthew / Giraud, Kimberly / Jones, Nicola

International journal of general medicine

2016 Volume 9, Page(s) 415–418

Abstract: A body of evidence supports the use of low tidal volumes in ventilated patients without lung pathology to slow progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to ventilator associated lung injury. We undertook a retrospective chart review and ... ...

Abstract	A body of evidence supports the use of low tidal volumes in ventilated patients without lung pathology to slow progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to ventilator associated lung injury. We undertook a retrospective chart review and tested the hypothesis that tidal volume is a predictor of mortality in cardiothoracic (medical and surgical) critical care patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Independent predictors of mortality in our study included: type of surgery, albumin, H
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-11
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452220-X
ISSN	1178-7074
ISSN	1178-7074
DOI	10.2147/IJGM.S122204
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