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Article ; Online: Vertically- resolved phytoplankton carbon and net primary production from a high spectral resolution lidar.

Schulien, Jennifer A / Behrenfeld, Michael J / Hair, Johnathan W / Hostetler, Chris A / Twardowski, Michael S

2017 Volume 25, Issue 12, Page(s) 13577–13587

Abstract: Passive ocean observing sensors are unable to detect subsurface structure in ocean properties, resulting in errors in water column integrated phytoplankton biomass and net primary production (NPP) estimates. Active lidar (light detection and ranging) ... ...

Abstract	Passive ocean observing sensors are unable to detect subsurface structure in ocean properties, resulting in errors in water column integrated phytoplankton biomass and net primary production (NPP) estimates. Active lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors make quantitative measurements of depth-resolved backscatter (bbp) and diffuse light attenuation (Kd) coefficients in the ocean and can provide critical measurements for biogeochemical models. Sub-surface phytoplankton biomass, light, chlorophyll, and NPP fields were characterized using both in situ measurements and coincident airborne high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL-1) measurements collected as part of the SABOR (Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research) field campaign. We found that depth-resolved data are critical for calculating phytoplankton stocks and NPP, with improvements in NPP estimates up to 54%. We observed strong correlations between coincident HSRL-1 and in situ IOP measurements of both bbp (r = 0.94) and Kd (r = 0.90).
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.25.013577
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spaceborne Lidar in the Study of Marine Systems.

Hostetler, Chris A / Behrenfeld, Michael J / Hu, Yongxiang / Hair, Johnathan W / Schulien, Jennifer A

Annual review of marine science

2017 Volume 10, Page(s) 121–147

Abstract: Satellite passive ocean color instruments have provided an unbroken ∼20-year record of global ocean plankton properties, but this measurement approach has inherent limitations in terms of spatial-temporal sampling and ability to resolve vertical ... ...

Abstract	Satellite passive ocean color instruments have provided an unbroken ∼20-year record of global ocean plankton properties, but this measurement approach has inherent limitations in terms of spatial-temporal sampling and ability to resolve vertical structure within the water column. These limitations can be addressed by coupling ocean color data with measurements from a spaceborne lidar. Airborne lidars have been used for decades to study ocean subsurface properties, but recent breakthroughs have now demonstrated that plankton properties can be measured with a satellite lidar. The satellite lidar era in oceanography has arrived. Here, we present a review of the lidar technique, its applications in marine systems, a perspective on what can be accomplished in the near future with an ocean- and atmosphere-optimized satellite lidar, and a vision for a multiplatform virtual constellation of observational assets that would enable a three-dimensional reconstruction of global ocean ecosystems.
MeSH term(s)	Atmosphere ; Ecosystem ; Lasers ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton ; Satellite Imagery
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2458404-6
ISSN	1941-0611 ; 1941-1405
ISSN (online)	1941-0611
ISSN	1941-1405
DOI	10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063335
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Retrievals of aerosol optical depth over the western North Atlantic Ocean during ACTIVATE

Siu, Leong Wai / Schlosser, Joseph S. / Painemal, David / Cairns, Brian / Fenn, Marta A. / Ferrare, Richard A. / Hair, Johnathan W. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Li, Longlei / Kleb, Mary M. / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J. / Sorooshian, Armin / Stamnes, Snorre A. / Zeng, Xubin

eISSN: 1867-8548

2023

Abstract: Aerosol optical depth was retrieved from two airborne remote sensing instruments, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and Second Generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the ... ...

Abstract	Aerosol optical depth was retrieved from two airborne remote sensing instruments, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and Second Generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE). The field campaign offers a unique opportunity to evaluate an extensive 3-year dataset under a wide range of meteorological conditions from two instruments on the same platform. However, a longstanding issue in atmospheric field studies is that there is a lack of reference datasets for properly validating field measurements and estimating their uncertainties. Here we address this issue by using the triple collocation method, in which a third collocated satellite dataset from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is introduced for comparison. HSRL-2 is found to provide a more accurate retrieval than RSP over the study region. The error standard deviation of HSRL-2 with respect to the ground truth is 0.027. Moreover, this approach enables us to develop a simple, yet efficient, quality control criterion for RSP data. The physical reasons for the differences in two retrievals are determined to be cloud contamination, aerosols near surface, multiple aerosol layers, absorbing aerosols, non-spherical aerosols, and simplified retrieval assumptions. These results demonstrate the pathway for optimal aerosol retrievals by combining information from both lidar and polarimeter for future airborne and satellite missions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Evaluating WRF-GC v2.0 predictions of boundary layer height and vertical ozone profile during the 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign in Houston, Texas

eISSN: 1991-9603

2023

Abstract: The TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign probed Houston air quality with a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the intensive operating period in September 2021. Two post- ...

Abstract	The TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign probed Houston air quality with a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the intensive operating period in September 2021. Two post-frontal high-ozone episodes (6–11 and 23–26 September) were recorded during the aforementioned period. In this study, we evaluated the simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the vertical ozone profile by a high-resolution (1.33 km) 3-D photochemical model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-driven GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC). We evaluated the PBL heights with a ceilometer at the coastal site La Porte and the airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) flying over urban Houston and adjacent waters. Compared with the ceilometer at La Porte, the model captures the diurnal variations in the PBL heights with a very strong temporal correlation ( R >0.7 ) and ±20 % biases. Compared with the airborne HSRL-2, the model exhibits a moderate to strong spatial correlation ( R =0.26 –0.68), with ±20 % biases during the noon and afternoon hours during ozone episodes. For land–water differences in PBL heights, the water has shallower PBL heights compared to land. The model predicts larger land–water differences than the observations because the model consistently underestimates the PBL heights over land compared to water. We evaluated vertical ozone distributions by comparing the model against vertical measurements from the TROPospheric OZone lidar (TROPOZ), the HSRL-2, and ozonesondes, as well as surface measurements at La Porte from a model 49i ozone analyzer and one Continuous Ambient Monitoring Station (CAMS). The model underestimates free-tropospheric ozone (2–3 km aloft) by 9 %–22 % but overestimates near-ground ozone ( <50 m aloft) by 6 %-39 % during the two ozone episodes. Boundary layer ozone (0.5–1 km aloft) is underestimated by 1 %–11 % during 8–11 September but overestimated by 0 %–7 % during 23–26 September. Based on these ...
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Evaluating WRF-GC v2.0 predictions of boundary layer and vertical ozone profiles during the 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign in Houston, Texas

eISSN:

2023

Abstract	The TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign probed Houston air quality with a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the intensive operating period in September 2021. Two post-frontal high-ozone episodes (6–11 and 23–26 September) were recorded during the aforementioned period. In this study, we evaluated the simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the vertical ozone profile by a high-resolution (1.33 km) 3-D photochemical model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-driven GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC). We evaluated the PBL heights with a ceilometer at the coastal site La Porte and the airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) flying over urban Houston and adjacent waters. Compared with the ceilometer at La Porte, the model captures the diurnal variations in the PBL heights with a very strong temporal correlation ( R >0.7 ) and ±20 % biases. Compared with the airborne HSRL-2, the model exhibits a moderate to strong spatial correlation ( R =0.26 –0.68), with ±20 % biases during the noon and afternoon hours during ozone episodes. For land–water differences in PBL heights, the water has shallower PBL heights compared to land. The model predicts larger land–water differences than the observations because the model consistently underestimates the PBL heights over land compared to water. We evaluated vertical ozone distributions by comparing the model against vertical measurements from the TROPospheric OZone lidar (TROPOZ), the HSRL-2, and ozonesondes, as well as surface measurements at La Porte from a model 49i ozone analyzer and one Continuous Ambient Monitoring Station (CAMS). The model underestimates free-tropospheric ozone (2–3 km aloft) by 9 %–22 % but overestimates near-ground ozone ( <50 m aloft) by 6 %-39 % during the two ozone episodes. Boundary layer ozone (0.5–1 km aloft) is underestimated by 1 %–11 % during 8–11 September but overestimated by 0 %–7 % during 23–26 September. Based on these ...
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires.

Pagonis, Demetrios / Selimovic, Vanessa / Campuzano-Jost, Pedro / Guo, Hongyu / Day, Douglas A / Schueneman, Melinda K / Nault, Benjamin A / Coggon, Matthew M / DiGangi, Joshua P / Diskin, Glenn S / Fortner, Edward C / Gargulinski, Emily M / Gkatzelis, Georgios I / Hair, Johnathan W / Herndon, Scott C / Holmes, Christopher D / Katich, Joseph M / Nowak, John B / Perring, Anne E /

Saide, Pablo / Shingler, Taylor J / Soja, Amber J / Thapa, Laura H / Warneke, Carsten / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Wisthaler, Armin / Yacovitch, Tara I / Yokelson, Robert J / Jimenez, Jose L

Environmental science & technology

2023 Volume 57, Issue 44, Page(s) 17011–17021

Abstract: Biomass burning particulate matter (BBPM) affects regional air quality and global climate, with impacts expected to continue to grow over the coming years. We show that studies of North American fires have a systematic altitude dependence in measured ... ...

Abstract	Biomass burning particulate matter (BBPM) affects regional air quality and global climate, with impacts expected to continue to grow over the coming years. We show that studies of North American fires have a systematic altitude dependence in measured BBPM normalized excess mixing ratio (NEMR; ΔPM/ΔCO), with airborne and high-altitude studies showing a factor of 2 higher NEMR than ground-based measurements. We report direct airborne measurements of BBPM volatility that partially explain the difference in the BBPM NEMR observed across platforms. We find that when heated to 40-45 °C in an airborne thermal denuder, 19% of lofted smoke PM
MeSH term(s)	Smoke/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Biomass ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Fires ; Aerosols/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods
Chemical Substances	Smoke ; Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c05017
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North-Atlantic Ocean

eISSN:

2023

Abstract: Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the ... ...

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean

eISSN: 1680-7324

2023

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, From Space-Based Multi-Angle Imaging II: The Williams Flats Fire during the FIREX-AQ Campaign

Junghenn Noyes, Katherine T / Kahn, Ralph A / Limbacher, James A / Li, Zhanqing / Fenn, Marta A / Giles, David M / Hair, Johnathan W / Katich, Joseph M / Moore, Richard H / Robinson, Claire E / Sanchez, Kevin J / Shingler, Taylor J / Thornhill, Kenneth L / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward L

Remote Sensing. 2020 Nov. 21, v. 12, no. 22

2020

Abstract: Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the ...

Abstract	Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the spatial or temporal frequency of factors driving smoke particle evolution, such as hydration, coagulation, and oxidation, all of which impact smoke radiative forcing. In situ data from surface observation sites and aircraft field campaigns offer deep insight into the optical, chemical, and microphysical traits of biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosols, such as single scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution, but cannot by themselves provide robust statistical characterization of both emitted and evolved particles. Data from the NASA Earth Observing System’s Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument can provide at least a partial picture of BB particle properties and their evolution downwind, once properly validated. Here we use in situ data from the joint NOAA/NASA 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment-Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign to assess the strengths and limitations of MISR-derived constraints on particle size, shape, light-absorption, and its spectral slope, as well as plume height and associated wind vectors. Based on the satellite observations, we also offer inferences about aging mechanisms effecting downwind particle evolution, such as gravitational settling, oxidation, secondary particle formation, and the combination of particle aggregation and condensational growth. This work builds upon our previous study, adding confidence to our interpretation of the remote-sensing data based on an expanded suite of in situ measurements for validation. The satellite and in situ measurements offer similar characterizations of particle property evolution as a function of smoke age for the 06 August Williams Flats Fire, and most of the key differences in particle size and absorption can be attributed to differences in sampling and changes in the plume geometry between sampling times. Whereas the aircraft data provide validation for the MISR retrievals, the satellite data offer a spatially continuous mapping of particle properties over the plume, which helps identify trends in particle property downwind evolution that are ambiguous in the sparsely sampled aircraft transects. The MISR data record is more than two decades long, offering future opportunities to study regional wildfire plume behavior statistically, where aircraft data are limited or entirely lacking.
Keywords	Earth Observing System ; aerosols ; air pollutants ; particle size ; particle size distribution ; particulates ; remote sensing ; smoke ; spectroradiometers ; wildfires ; wind
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1121
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	golden set
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs12223823
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations.

Sanchez, Kevin J / Painemal, David / Brown, Matthew D / Crosbie, Ewan C / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Johnathan W / Hostetler, Chris A / Jordan, Carolyn E / Robinson, Claire E / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J / Shook, Michael A / Thornhill, Kenneth L / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward L / Ziemba, Luke D / Chambers, Scott / Williams, Alastair / Humphries, Ruhi S /

Scientific data

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 471

Abstract: In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; ... ...

Abstract	In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; CAMP
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02372-z
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