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  1. Article ; Online: Modulation of central synapse remodeling after remote peripheral injuries by the CCL2-CCR2 axis and microglia.

    Rotterman, Travis M / Haley-Johnson, Zoë / Pottorf, Tana S / Chopra, Tavishi / Chang, Ethan / Zhang, Shannon / McCallum, William M / Fisher, Sarah / Franklin, Haley / Alvarez, Myriam / Cope, Timothy C / Alvarez, Francisco J

    Cell reports

    2024  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 113776

    Abstract: Microglia-mediated synaptic plasticity after CNS injury varies depending on injury severity, but the mechanisms that adjust synaptic plasticity according to injury differences are largely unknown. This study investigates differential actions of microglia ...

    Abstract Microglia-mediated synaptic plasticity after CNS injury varies depending on injury severity, but the mechanisms that adjust synaptic plasticity according to injury differences are largely unknown. This study investigates differential actions of microglia on essential spinal motor synaptic circuits following different kinds of nerve injuries. Following nerve transection, microglia and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 signaling permanently remove Ia axons and synapses from the ventral horn, degrading proprioceptive feedback during motor actions and abolishing stretch reflexes. However, Ia synapses and reflexes recover after milder injuries (nerve crush). These different outcomes are related to the length of microglia activation, being longer after nerve cuts, with slower motor-axon regeneration and extended expression of colony-stimulating factor type 1 in injured motoneurons. Prolonged microglia activation induces CCL2 expression, and Ia synapses recover after ccl2 is deleted from microglia. Thus, microglia Ia synapse removal requires the induction of specific microglia phenotypes modulated by nerve regeneration efficiencies. However, synapse preservation was not sufficient to restore the stretch-reflex function.
    MeSH term(s) Axons ; Microglia ; Nerve Regeneration ; Receptors, Chemokine ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Chemokine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Role of Microglia in Neuroinflammation of the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Injury.

    Pottorf, Tana S / Rotterman, Travis M / McCallum, William M / Haley-Johnson, Zoë A / Alvarez, Francisco J

    Cells

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 13

    Abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord, largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The mechanisms of activation and response of microglia are diverse depending on the ... ...

    Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord, largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The mechanisms of activation and response of microglia are diverse depending on the location within the spinal cord, type, severity, and proximity of injury, as well as the age and species of the organism. Thanks to recent advancements in neuro-immune research techniques, such as single-cell transcriptomics, novel genetic mouse models, and live imaging, a vast amount of literature has come to light regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation and alluding to the function of microgliosis around injured motoneurons and sensory afferents. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of the dorsal and ventral horns in relation to mechanisms of microglia activation (CSF1, DAP12, CCR2, Fractalkine signaling, Toll-like receptors, and purinergic signaling), and functionality in neuroprotection, degeneration, regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and spinal circuit reorganization following peripheral nerve injury. This review aims to shed new light on unsettled controversies regarding the diversity of spinal microglial-neuronal interactions following injury.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Microglia ; Neuralgia ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Spinal Cord
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells11132083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV in Central Asia and the Caucasus: A systematic review.

    Davlidova, Salima / Haley-Johnson, Zoë / Nyhan, Kate / Farooq, Ayesha / Vermund, Sten H / Ali, Syed

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2020  Volume 104, Page(s) 510–525

    Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are substantial public health threats in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where the prevalence of these infections is currently rising.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are substantial public health threats in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where the prevalence of these infections is currently rising.
    Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO was conducted with no publication date or language restrictions through October 2019. Additional data were also harvested from national surveillance reports, references found in discovered sources, and other "grey" literature. It included studies conducted on high-risk populations (people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), prisoners, and migrants) in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan; and the Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Northern Caucasus region of the Russian Federation.
    Results: Wide ranges were noted for HIV prevalence: PWID 0-30.1%, MSM 0-25.1%, prisoners 0-22.8%, FSW 0-10.0%, and migrants 0.06-1.5%, with the highest prevalence of these high-risk groups reported in Kazakhstan (for PWID), Georgia (for MSM and prisoners) and Uzbekistan (for migrants). HCV prevalence also had a wide range: PWID 0.3-92.1%, MSM 0-18.9%, prisoners 23.8-49.7%, FSW 3.3-17.8%, and migrants 0.5-26.5%, with the highest prevalence reported in Georgia (92.1%), Kyrgyzstan (49.7%), and migrants from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (26.5%). Similarly, HBV prevalence had a wide range: PWID 2.8-79.7%, MSM 0-22.2%, prisoners 2.7-6.2%, FSW 18.4% (one study), and migrants 0.3-15.7%.
    Conclusion: In Central Asia and the Caucasus, prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV remains exceedingly high among selected populations, notably PWID and MSM.
    MeSH term(s) Asia, Central/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prisoners ; Risk Factors ; Russia/epidemiology ; Sex Workers ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Transcaucasia/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-29
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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