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Article ; Online: Preconception opioids interact with mouse strain to alter morphine withdrawal in the next generation.

Toorie, Anika / Hall, Claire Davidson / Vassoler, Fair M / Peltz, Gary / Byrnes, Elizabeth M

2024

Abstract: Rationale: Transgenerational effects of preconception morphine exposure in female rats have been reported which suggest that epigenetic modifications triggered by female opioid exposure, even when that exposure ends several weeks prior to pregnancy, has ...

Abstract	Rationale: Transgenerational effects of preconception morphine exposure in female rats have been reported which suggest that epigenetic modifications triggered by female opioid exposure, even when that exposure ends several weeks prior to pregnancy, has significant ramifications for their future offspring. Objective: The current study compares two mouse strains with well-established genetic variation in their response to mu opioid receptor agonists, C57BL/6J (BL6) and 129S1/svlmJ (129) to determine whether genetic background modifies the impact of preconception opioid exposure. Methods: Adolescent females from both strains were injected daily with morphine for a total of 10 days using an increasing dosing regimen with controls receiving saline. Several weeks after their final injection, aged-matched BL6 and 129 morphine (Mor-F0) or saline (Sal-F0) females were mated with drug naïve males to generate Mor-F1 and Sal-F1 offspring, respectively. As adults, F1 mice were made morphine dependent using thrice daily morphine injections for 4 days. On day 5, mice were administered either saline or morphine followed 3 h later by naloxone. Behavioral and physiological signs of withdrawal were then measured. Results: Regardless of strain or sex, morphine-dependent Mor-F1 mice had significantly lower levels of withdrawal-induced corticosterone but significantly higher glucose levels when compared to Sal-F1 controls. In contrast, both strain- and preconception opioid exposure effects on physical signs of morphine dependence were observed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-024-06574-0
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Article ; Online: Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic

Salt, Elizabeth / Wiggins, Amanda T. / Cerel, Julie / Hall, Claire‐Marie / Ellis, Misty / Cooper, Gena L. / Adkins, Brian W. / Rayens, Mary Kay

The Journal of Rural Health. 2023 Jan., v. 39, no. 1 p.30-38

2023

Abstract: PURPOSE: Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on suicide ideation and attempts in rural populations have not been fully characterized in published literature, this study compares: (1) the rates of suicide ideation and attempts between the 6 months affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 to same months of the preceding year (3/18/2020‐9/18/20; 3/18/2019‐9/18/19), (2) demographics (ie, age, sex, residence, race, and ethnicity), and (3) the locations in which the encounters were billed (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department). METHODS: Deidentified claims data associated with patient encounters billed for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt were grouped based on time period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2‐sample t‐test, chi‐square test of association, or Fisher's exact test. FINDINGS: Suicidal ideation encounters increased in the 6 months post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 when compared to the 6 months of the prior year (IRR = 1.19; P < .001). Males (IRR = 1.27, P < .001), those residing rural areas (IRR = 1.22, P = .01), and Black, non‐Hispanic (IRR = 1.24, P = .024) were found to have increased rates of suicide ideation post‐SARS‐Cov‐2. In adults, White, non‐Hispanics (IRR = 1.16; P < .001) had increased rates of post‐SARS‐CoV‐2. In the pediatric subset, those who were aged 14‐17 (IRR = 1.50; P < .001), resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.61, P = .009), and idenitifed as Hispanic (IRR = 1.89; P = .037) or Black, non‐Hispanic (IRR = 1.61, P = .009) had increased rates post‐SARS‐CoV‐2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified rural dwellers to be at increased risk for suicide ideation.
Keywords	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; chi-square distribution ; demographic statistics ; descriptive statistics ; health services ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; pandemic ; patients ; risk ; rural health ; suicide ; t-test
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 30-38.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	639160-6
ISSN	0890-765X
ISSN	0890-765X
DOI	10.1111/jrh.12686
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Randomised methodology development study to investigate plaque removal efficacy of manual toothbrushes.

Grimaldi, Roberta / Yonel, Zehra / Chapple, Iain / Butler, Andrew / Hall, Claire / Reinbold, Klaus / Mantzourani, Maria

Journal of dentistry

2021 Volume 116, Page(s) 103830

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate plaque removal efficacy of toothbrushes to guide clinical model development.: Methods: This single-centre, randomised, controlled, examiner-blind, method development study included 80 healthy participants. ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate plaque removal efficacy of toothbrushes to guide clinical model development. Methods: This single-centre, randomised, controlled, examiner-blind, method development study included 80 healthy participants. Over 28 days, participants brushed twice-daily using a fluoride toothpaste and one of four marketed toothbrushes: Toothbrushes A (compact head) and B (regular head): medium-hard; flat trim; end-rounded bristles; Toothbrush C: medium-hard; end-rounded bristles; silky, tapered filaments; compact head; Toothbrush D: soft; tapered filaments; compact head. Supra-gingival plaque removal was evaluated immediately after single brushing events (Days 0, 7, 28, at study centre) and following 7- and 28-days' home use via Rustogi modified Navy Plaque Index (RPI) and Turesky modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TPI). Results: All toothbrushes provided significant plaque removal after single-brushing events with change from Day 0 pre-brushing scores on RPI ranging from -0.10 to -0.16 (p<.0001) and on TPI ranging from -0.61 to -0.89 (p<.0001). Toothbrushes A and B showed significant (p<.05) pre-brushing RPI/TPI plaque reductions after 7- (-0.04/-0.06, respectively for RPI; -0.16/-0.20, respectively for TPI) and 28-days (-0.04/-0.03, respectively for RPI; -0.20/-0.11, respectively for TPI) use versus Day 0 pre-brushing (except Toothbrush B, Day 28, non-significant TPI). There were no significant differences with Toothbrush C. Toothbrush D TPI was significantly lower at both timepoints versus Day 0 pre-brushing (p<.05). Study toothbrushes were generally well-tolerated. Conclusion: The observations from this study showed how various aspects of a study design could impact toothbrushes performance. These data will inform the design of future clinical studies of plaque removal efficacy using manual toothbrushes. Clinical significance statement: Regular effective oral hygiene can help prevent and treat gingivitis, principally via twice-daily mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush. Data generated from this methodology development study will help to identify the key aspects which impact toothbrushes' performance and understand which one would be more suitable to answer questions of scientific interest. This study provides useful information for the design of future clinical trials to assess plaque removal efficacy of manual toothbrushes and generate results to inform clinical recommendations.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Over Studies ; Dental Plaque Index ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Single-Blind Method ; Toothbrushing ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186068-9
ISSN	1879-176X ; 0300-5712
ISSN (online)	1879-176X
ISSN	0300-5712
DOI	10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103830
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Article ; Online: Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Salt, Elizabeth / Wiggins, Amanda T / Cerel, Julie / Hall, Claire-Marie / Ellis, Misty / Cooper, Gena L / Adkins, Brian W / Rayens, Mary Kay

The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

2022 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–38

Abstract: Purpose: Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on suicide ideation and attempts in rural populations have not been fully characterized in published literature, this study compares: (1) the rates of suicide ideation and attempts between the 6 months affected by SARS-CoV-2 to same months of the preceding year (3/18/2020-9/18/20; 3/18/2019-9/18/19), (2) demographics (ie, age, sex, residence, race, and ethnicity), and (3) the locations in which the encounters were billed (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department). Methods: Deidentified claims data associated with patient encounters billed for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt were grouped based on time period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2-sample t-test, chi-square test of association, or Fisher's exact test. Findings: Suicidal ideation encounters increased in the 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 when compared to the 6 months of the prior year (IRR = 1.19; P < .001). Males (IRR = 1.27, P < .001), those residing rural areas (IRR = 1.22, P = .01), and Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.24, P = .024) were found to have increased rates of suicide ideation post-SARS-Cov-2. In adults, White, non-Hispanics (IRR = 1.16; P < .001) had increased rates of post-SARS-CoV-2. In the pediatric subset, those who were aged 14-17 (IRR = 1.50; P < .001), resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.61, P = .009), and idenitifed as Hispanic (IRR = 1.89; P = .037) or Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.61, P = .009) had increased rates post-SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Our study identified rural dwellers to be at increased risk for suicide ideation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Suicidal Ideation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Rural Population ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639160-6
ISSN	1748-0361 ; 0890-765X
ISSN (online)	1748-0361
ISSN	0890-765X
DOI	10.1111/jrh.12686
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of a 3% potassium nitrate mouthrinse for the relief of dentinal hypersensitivity: An 8-week randomized controlled study.

Hall, Claire / Sufi, Farzana / Milleman, Jeffery L / Milleman, Kimberly R

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)

2019 Volume 150, Issue 3, Page(s) 204–212

Abstract: Background: Mouthrinses containing potassium salts have been shown to be effective for the relief of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) when used adjunctively to toothbrushing with a nonsensitivity toothpaste.: Methods: The authors conducted a randomized, ...

Abstract	Background: Mouthrinses containing potassium salts have been shown to be effective for the relief of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) when used adjunctively to toothbrushing with a nonsensitivity toothpaste. Methods: The authors conducted a randomized, 8-week, single-center, examiner-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial with 191 participants with DH. Participants were randomized to twice-daily use of either 3% potassium nitrate (KNO Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in evaporative (air) sensitivity from baseline after 4 and 8 weeks (P < .0001). At weeks 4 and 8, the authors observed significant improvements from baseline in tactile sensitivity only in the KNO Conclusions: Twice-daily use of a 3% KNO Practical implications: Addition of 3% KNO
MeSH term(s)	Dentin Desensitizing Agents ; Dentin Sensitivity ; Double-Blind Method ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Mouthwashes ; Nitrates ; Potassium Compounds ; Sodium Fluoride ; Toothpastes ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Dentin Desensitizing Agents ; Mouthwashes ; Nitrates ; Potassium Compounds ; Toothpastes ; Sodium Fluoride (8ZYQ1474W7) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O) ; potassium nitrate (RU45X2JN0Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	220622-5
ISSN	1943-4723 ; 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
ISSN (online)	1943-4723
ISSN	0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
DOI	10.1016/j.adaj.2018.10.023
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Article: Efficacy of an experimental 3% potassium nitrate mouthwash in providing long-term relief from dentin hypersensitivity: An 8-week randomized controlled study (Study 2).

Hall, Claire / Sufi, Farzana / Constantin, Paul

American journal of dentistry

2017 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 335–342

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an experimental mouthwash containing 3% potassium nitrate (KNO3) in the relief of dentin hypersensitivity when used as an adjunct to brushing with fluoride toothpaste compared with the use of the same toothpaste ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an experimental mouthwash containing 3% potassium nitrate (KNO3) in the relief of dentin hypersensitivity when used as an adjunct to brushing with fluoride toothpaste compared with the use of the same toothpaste alone. Methods: This was a randomized, two-treatment, examiner-blind, parallel-design single-center, 8-week study in healthy subjects with self-reported and clinically diagnosed dentin hypersensitivity. Subjects were randomized to receive either fluoride toothpaste plus 3.0% KNO₂ mouthwash or the same fluoride toothpaste alone, and instructed to use their allocated treatment twice daily for the next 8 weeks. Dentin hypersensitivity was evaluated at baseline and following 4 and 8 weeks of treatment through assessment of responses to evaporative (air) and tactile stimuli [measured by the Schiff sensitivity scale/a visual rating scale (VRS) and tactile threshold, respectively], and using the Dentin Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ, a validated quality-of-life instrument for dentin hyper-sensitivity). Results: A total of 135 subjects were randomized and all completed the study. Both treatment groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in sensitivity from baseline for each clinical measure of sensitivity (P< 0.0001) at Week 4 and Week 8. The toothpaste plus mouthwash group showed greater reductions in sensitivity at both timepoints for all clinical measures; between-treatment differences were only statistically significant for responses to an evaporative (air) stimulus (Schiff sensitivity score and VRS) at Week 4. There was evidence of an improvement in dentin hypersensitivity-associated quality of life as measured by changes from baseline in several DHEQ parameters for both treatment groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between treatments. Clinical significance: Although in the current study adjunctive use of a 3% KNO₂ mouthwash did not provide statistically significant improvements in dentin hypersensitivity for all clinical measures at all timepoints compared with use of fluoride toothpaste alone, the reductions in sensitivity observed in this study are compatible with the findings of a previous study that showed adjunctive use of a 3% KNO₂ mouthwash to be effective in providing relief from dentin hypersensitivity after 8 weeks' twice-daily use.
MeSH term(s)	Arginine ; Calcium Carbonate ; Dentin Desensitizing Agents ; Dentin Sensitivity/therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Mouthwashes/therapeutic use ; Nitrates/therapeutic use ; Potassium Compounds/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Sodium Fluoride ; Toothpastes ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Dentin Desensitizing Agents ; Mouthwashes ; Nitrates ; Potassium Compounds ; Toothpastes ; Sodium Fluoride (8ZYQ1474W7) ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Calcium Carbonate (H0G9379FGK) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O) ; potassium nitrate (RU45X2JN0Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	645142-1
ISSN	0894-8275
ISSN	0894-8275
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Zs.A 2516: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Exploratory randomised controlled clinical study to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two occluding toothpastes - a 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste and an 8% arginine/calcium carbonate toothpaste - for the longer-term relief of dentine hypersensitivity.

Hall, Claire / Mason, Stephen / Cooke, Jonathan

Journal of dentistry

2017 Volume 60, Page(s) 36–43

Abstract: Objective: To compare the longer-term clinical efficacy of two occlusion-technology toothpastes - a 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) toothpaste and a commercially available 8% arginine/calcium carbonate toothpaste - in relieving dentine ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare the longer-term clinical efficacy of two occlusion-technology toothpastes - a 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) toothpaste and a commercially available 8% arginine/calcium carbonate toothpaste - in relieving dentine hypersensitivity (DH). Efficacy was also compared with that of a regular fluoride toothpaste control. Methods: This was an exploratory, randomised, examiner-blind, parallel-group, 11-week, controlled study in healthy adults with self-reported and clinically diagnosed DH. After an acclimatisation period, subjects were randomised to one of three study treatments with which they brushed their teeth twice daily. Sensitivity was assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11 weeks treatment in response to evaporative (air) and tactile stimuli (measured by the Schiff Sensitivity Scale/visual analogue scale and tactile threshold, respectively). Results: A total of 135 subjects were randomised to treatment. The two occlusion-technology toothpastes performed similarly over the 11-week treatment period. All study treatments showed statistically significant reductions from baseline in DH at all timepoints for all measures (p<0.05). Statistically significant and clinically relevant sensitivity relief was observed for both occluding formulations compared with the regular fluoride toothpaste: for evaporative (air) sensitivity within 1 week and for tactile sensitivity at Week 11. No significant differences were detected between the two occluding formulations at any timepoint, for any endpoint. Study treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a 5% CSPS occluding toothpaste was effective in relieving DH compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste; an 8% arginine/calcium carbonate anti-sensitivity toothpaste provided similar benefits. Improvements in DH continued throughout the 11-week study. Clinical significance: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and painful condition. Twice-daily use of a 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste reduces DH within 1-2 weeks of initiating use. Ongoing, twice daily use of the sensitivity toothpastes evaluated in this study was associated with continued, clinically significant improvements in DH.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Arginine/therapeutic use ; Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates/therapeutic use ; China ; Dentin Desensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; Dentin Sensitivity/drug therapy ; Female ; Fluorides/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicates/therapeutic use ; Sodium Fluoride ; Time Factors ; Toothbrushing ; Toothpastes/chemistry ; Toothpastes/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Calcium Phosphates ; Dentin Desensitizing Agents ; Silicates ; Toothpastes ; rhenanite (7850XT8YDT) ; Sodium Fluoride (8ZYQ1474W7) ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Calcium Carbonate (H0G9379FGK) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	186068-9
ISSN	1879-176X ; 0300-5712
ISSN (online)	1879-176X
ISSN	0300-5712
DOI	10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.009
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Article: Low Incidence of Pelvic Sepsis after Hartmann's Procedure: Radiation Therapy May Be a Risk Factor.

Wetterhall, Carmela / Mariusdottir, Elin / Hall, Claire / Jörgren, Fredrik / Buchwald, Pamela

Gastrointestinal tumors

2018 Volume 5, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 77–81

Abstract: Purpose: Hartmann's procedure is a well-established alternative in colorectal surgery when a primary anastomosis is contraindicated. However, the rectal remnant may cause complications. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of pelvic ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Hartmann's procedure is a well-established alternative in colorectal surgery when a primary anastomosis is contraindicated. However, the rectal remnant may cause complications. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of pelvic sepsis after Hartmann's procedure and identify possible risk factors. Methods: All patients who underwent Hartmann's procedure between 2005 and 2012 were identified by the in-hospital registry. Information about pelvic sepsis and potential preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative risk factors was obtained by review of the medical records. Results: 172 patients were identified (97 females); they were aged 74 ± 11 years. Surgery was performed due to cancer (49%) or diverticulitis (35%) and other benign disease (16%). Rectal transection was carried out anywhere between the pelvic floor and the promontory. Pelvic sepsis developed in 6.4% (11/172) of patients. Pelvic sepsis was associated with preoperative radiotherapy ( Conclusion: Hartmann's procedure is a safe operation when an anastomosis is contraindicated since the incidence of pelvic sepsis is low. Preoperative radiotherapy and Hinchey grade III and IV may be risk factors for the development of pelvic sepsis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735769-7
ISSN	2296-3766 ; 2296-3774
ISSN (online)	2296-3766
ISSN	2296-3774
DOI	10.1159/000493526
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Article ; Online: The UPTAKE study: a cross-sectional survey examining the insights and beliefs of the UK population on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy.

Sethi, Sonika / Kumar, Aditi / Mandal, Anandadeep / Shaikh, Mohammed / Hall, Claire A / Kirk, Jeremy M W / Moss, Paul / Brookes, Matthew J / Basu, Supratik

BMJ open

2021 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) e048856

Abstract: Objective: A key challenge towards a successful COVID-19 vaccine uptake is vaccine hesitancy. We examine and provide novel insights on the key drivers and barriers towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake.: Design: This study involved an anonymous cross- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: A key challenge towards a successful COVID-19 vaccine uptake is vaccine hesitancy. We examine and provide novel insights on the key drivers and barriers towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Design: This study involved an anonymous cross-sectional online survey circulated across the UK in September 2020. The survey was designed to include several sections to collect demographic data and responses on (1) extent of agreement regarding various statements about COVID-19 and vaccinations, (2) previous vaccination habits (eg, if they had previously declined vaccination) and (3) interest in participation in vaccine trials. Multinominal logistic models examined demographic factors that may impact vaccine uptake. We used principle component analysis and text mining to explore perception related to vaccine uptake. Setting: The survey was circulated through various media, including posts on social media networks (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram), national radio, news articles, Clinical Research Network website and newsletter, and through 150 West Midlands general practices via a text messaging service. Participants: There were a total of 4884 respondents of which 9.44% were black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group. The majority were women (n=3416, 69.9%) and of white ethnicity (n=4127, 84.5%). Results: Regarding respondents, overall, 3873 (79.3%) were interested in taking approved COVID-19 vaccines, while 677 (13.9%) were unsure, and 334 (6.8%) would not take a vaccine. Participants aged over 70 years old (OR=4.63) and the BAME community (OR=5.48) were more likely to take an approved vaccine. Smokers (OR=0.45) and respondents with no known illness (OR=0.70) were less likely to accept approved vaccines. The study identified 16 key reasons for not accepting approved vaccines, the most common (60%) being the possibility of the COVID-19 vaccine having side effects. Conclusions: This study provides an insight into focusing on specific populations to reduce vaccine hesitancy. This proves crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048856
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Article ; Online: The UPTAKE study: implications for the future of COVID-19 vaccination trial recruitment in UK and beyond.

Sethi, Sonika / Kumar, Aditi / Mandal, Anandadeep / Shaikh, Mohammed / Hall, Claire A / Kirk, Jeremy M W / Moss, Paul / Brookes, Matthew J / Basu, Supratik

Trials

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 296

Abstract: Background: Developing a safe and effective vaccine will be the principal way of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current COVID-19 vaccination trials are not adequately representing a diverse participant population in terms of age, ethnicity ... ...

Abstract	Background: Developing a safe and effective vaccine will be the principal way of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current COVID-19 vaccination trials are not adequately representing a diverse participant population in terms of age, ethnicity and comorbidities. Achieving the representative recruitment targets that are adequately powered to the study remains one of the greatest challenges in clinical trial management. To ensure accuracy and generalisability of the safety and efficacy conclusions generated by clinical trials, it is crucial to recruit patient cohorts as representative as possible of the future target population. Missing these targets can lead to reduced validity of the study results and can often slow down drug development leading to costly delays. Objective: This study explores the key factors related to perceptions and participation in vaccination trials. Methods: This study involved an anonymous cross-sectional online survey circulated across the UK. Statistical analysis was done in six phases. Multi-nominal logistic models examined demographic and geographic factors that may impact vaccine uptake. Results: The survey had 4884 participants of which 9.44% were Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME). Overall, 2020 (41.4%) respondents were interested in participating in vaccine trials; 27.6% of the respondents were not interested and 31.1% were unsure. The most interested groups were male (OR = 1.29), graduates (OR = 1.28), the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups (OR = 1.88 and OR = 1.46 respectively) and those with no health issues (OR = 1.06). The least interested groups were BAME (OR = 0.43), those from villages and small towns (OR = 0.66 and 0.54 respectively) and those aged 70 and above (OR = 1.11). Conclusions: In order to have a vaccination that is generalisable to the entire population, greater work needs to be done in engaging a diverse cohort of participants. Public health campaigns need to be targeted in improving trial recruitment rates for the elderly, BAME community and the less educated rural population.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Patient Selection ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom ; Vaccination ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1468-6708
ISSN (online)	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694
ISSN	1468-6708
DOI	10.1186/s13063-021-05250-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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