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Article ; Online: No Evidence that the Valuable Timber Species, Dalbergia retusa, Enhances Nutrient Cycling and Uptake by Neighboring Timber Species

Quesada-Ávila, Gabriela / Turner, Benjamin L. / Hall, Jefferson S.

Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2023 Feb. 07, v. 42, no. 2 p.205-217

2023

Abstract: The use of native species for timber plantations in the tropics has lately gained interest. Recent studies have shown that native tree plantations can have greater economic, and ecological benefits than non-native plantations. Facilitative nutritional ... ...

Abstract	The use of native species for timber plantations in the tropics has lately gained interest. Recent studies have shown that native tree plantations can have greater economic, and ecological benefits than non-native plantations. Facilitative nutritional interactions with nitrogen-fixing trees are a common practice used in hopes of enhancing nitrogen input. Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia are two neotropical species frequently used for timber extraction. In order to understand these species belowground interactions, we worked on 33 plots of the T. amazonia and D. retusa mixtures in the Agua Salud Project Native Species plantations in Panama. The objective of this study was to assess if soil biochemical properties under T. amazonia trees might be influenced by D. retusa in these mixtures. For this, soil samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen pools, extractable cations and selected phosphorus constituents. Our results showed that nutrient concentrations were not significantly different below D. restusa and T. amazonia trees. Nonetheless, temporal and physicochemical characteristics of the plantation might be influencing the tree performance and should be considered for a better understanding of the nutrient dynamics in native tree plantations.
Keywords	Dalbergia retusa ; Neotropics ; Terminalia amazonia ; indigenous species ; logging ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fixation ; phosphorus ; soil ; sustainable forestry ; trees ; Panama ; Nutrient cycling ; facilitation ; native plantations
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0207
Size	p. 205-217.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2094282-5
ISSN	1540-756X ; 1054-9811
ISSN (online)	1540-756X
ISSN	1054-9811
DOI	10.1080/10549811.2021.1989700
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Lianas do not reduce tree biomass accumulation in young successional tropical dry forests

Estrada-Villegas, Sergio / Hall, Jefferson S / van Breugel, Michiel / Schnitzer, Stefan A

Oecologia. 2021 Apr., v. 195, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Young successional tropical forests are crucial in the global carbon cycle because they can quickly sequester large quantities of atmospheric carbon. However, lianas (woody vines) can significantly decrease biomass accumulation in young regenerating ... ...

Abstract	Young successional tropical forests are crucial in the global carbon cycle because they can quickly sequester large quantities of atmospheric carbon. However, lianas (woody vines) can significantly decrease biomass accumulation in young regenerating forests. Lianas are abundant in tropical dry forests, and thus we hypothesized that lianas reduce biomass accretion in dry forests. Lianas may be particularly detrimental to the growth of young trees, which are vulnerable to competition from lianas. Alternatively, lianas may have a stronger negative effect on the largest trees because lianas seek the high-light environment at the top of the forest canopy. We tested these hypotheses using a liana-removal experiment in 13 dry forest stands that ranged from 1 to 70 years in southwestern Panama. We measured biomass accumulation annually for more than 10,000 stems from 2013 to 2017. Contrary to our expectations, liana removal had no effect on tree biomass accumulation across our successional forests and throughout our study period. Liana removal did not benefit smaller trees or larger trees. Lianas did not increase biomass accumulation on recruits, and did not increase biomass loss due to mortality. Surprisingly, removing lianas had a negative effect on three out of 41 tree species. Lianas had no effect on biomass accumulation and loss, possibly because: (1) trees allocated resources to roots instead of stems, (2) trees and lianas partitioned water, (3) higher irradiance after liana removal reduced soil moisture, or (4) low water availability might have been such a strong stressor that it reduced plant–plant competition.
Keywords	biomass production ; carbon ; dry forests ; forest canopy ; global carbon budget ; light intensity ; mortality ; plant competition ; soil water ; trees ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Size	p. 1019-1029.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-021-04877-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Agua Salud project experimental catchments hydrometric data, Panama

Regina, Jason A. / Ogden, Fred L. / Hall, Jefferson S. / Stallard, Robert F.

Hydrological processes. 2021 Sept., v. 35, no. 9

2021

Abstract: The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) instrumented the Agua Salud (AS) Experimental Catchments as part of an ongoing series of land‐cover related experiments in the steep, saprolitic, lowland, seasonal tropics of central Panama. The sites ... ...

Abstract	The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) instrumented the Agua Salud (AS) Experimental Catchments as part of an ongoing series of land‐cover related experiments in the steep, saprolitic, lowland, seasonal tropics of central Panama. The sites include tree plantations, rotational grazed pastures, native forests from 10 to over 80 years old, and a monoculture grassland. This data note provides a brief description of the instrumented catchments, rainfall and discharge data collection methods, data processing, and online availability.
Keywords	data collection ; grasslands ; hydrology ; land cover ; rain ; research institutions ; trees ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1479953-4
ISSN	1099-1085 ; 0885-6087
ISSN (online)	1099-1085
ISSN	0885-6087
DOI	10.1002/hyp.14359
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Article: Early indications of success rehabilitating an underperforming teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Panama through enrichment planting

Marshall, Abigail / McLaughlin, Bailey P / Zerr, Camilla / Yanguas-Fernández, Estrella / Hall, Jefferson S

New forests. 2021 May, v. 52, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Enrichment planting can be an effective strategy for increasing the ecological and economic value of timber plantations, but success depends on appropriate matching of under- and overstory species and site conditions. This case study in the Panama Canal ... ...

Abstract	Enrichment planting can be an effective strategy for increasing the ecological and economic value of timber plantations, but success depends on appropriate matching of under- and overstory species and site conditions. This case study in the Panama Canal Watershed explores the viability of enrichment planting for rehabilitating underperforming teak (Tectonia grandis) plantations, which are common in the area. Two high-value timber species native to the neotropics, Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia, were underplanted in an established teak plantation at the Agua Salud research site in the province of Colon, Panama. Seedling survival, basal diameter, height, total biomass and relative growth rate were assessed for the two years following planting. In contrast with the widespread belief that teak is a poor nurse tree, both species achieved promising early growth with low mortality in plantation understory conditions. Neither understory light availability nor combined above- and below-ground effects of crowding pressure from teak strongly predicted growth of either species. D. retusa, thought to be more shade-tolerant, performed equally across a range of intermediate light levels whereas T. amazonia, thought to be more heliotropic, performed best at the highest light levels, though light relationships explained little variation in seedling growth. These early findings support the suitability of either species for use in enrichment plantings in established, underperforming teak plantations in the Panama Canal Watershed. Longer-term research is needed to evaluate the potential of enrichment planting to increase profitability and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water resource management in these plantations.
Keywords	Dalbergia retusa ; Neotropics ; Panama Canal ; Tectona grandis ; Terminalia amazonia ; biomass ; carbon sequestration ; case studies ; colon ; economic valuation ; ecosystems ; heliotropism ; indigenous species ; mortality ; nurse plants ; overstory ; profitability ; seedling growth ; seedlings ; shade tolerance ; understory ; viability ; watersheds ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 377-395.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1038718-3
ISSN	0169-4286
ISSN	0169-4286
DOI	10.1007/s11056-020-09801-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Towards effective reforestation: growth and commercial value of four commonly planted tropical timber species on infertile soils in Panama

Sinacore, Katherine / García, Edwin H. / Howard, Theodore / van Breugel, Michiel / Lopez, Omar R. / Finkral, Alex J. / Hall, Jefferson S.

New Forests. 2023 Jan., v. 54, no. 1 p.125-142

2023

Abstract: Finding suitable tree species that not only grow well on nutrient poor soils but are also safe financial investments is one of the major obstacles to successful reforestation efforts in the tropics. Our study compared the financial viability and growth ... ...

Abstract	Finding suitable tree species that not only grow well on nutrient poor soils but are also safe financial investments is one of the major obstacles to successful reforestation efforts in the tropics. Our study compared the financial viability and growth of valuable timber species in monocultures and mixtures on infertile soils. Our work shows the extraordinary growth in volume and value of Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia while underscoring the poor financial viability of Tectona grandis and Pachira quinata, all commonly planted timber species in Panama and much of Central and South America. Using Bayesian statistics, our predictions show that T. amazonia monocultures could reach nearly 200 m³ ha⁻¹ of merchantable volume after 30 years compared to the ~ 40 m³ ha⁻¹ that T. grandis could accumulate in the same time frame. While D. retusa monocultures did not have the highest predicted merchantable volumes of all the species, it did have the highest predicted net present value (NPV), with a predicted mean NPV of > US$97,000 ha⁻¹, quadrupling the species with the next highest monoculture’s NPV, T. amazonia monocultures (~ US$20,000 ha⁻¹). Our work emphasizes that reforestation can be financially viable on low nutrient soils, even in the absence of fertilization or other silvicultural manipulations, if species selection and site are carefully considered and matched.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Dalbergia retusa ; Pachira quinata ; Tectona grandis ; Terminalia amazonia ; economic sustainability ; reforestation ; trees ; tropical wood ; Panama ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 125-142.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1038718-3
ISSN	0169-4286
ISSN	0169-4286
DOI	10.1007/s11056-022-09906-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession.

Wong, Michelle Y / Wurzburger, Nina / Hall, Jefferson S / Wright, S Joseph / Tang, Wenguang / Hedin, Lars O / Saltonstall, Kristin / van Breugel, Michiel / Batterman, Sarah A

The New phytologist

2024

Abstract: Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and ... ...

Abstract	Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses - to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession. Using a large-scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta-analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession. We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies - particularly root phosphatase - in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta-analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19812
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Successional syndromes of saplings in tropical secondary forests emerge from environment-dependent trait-demography relationships.

Lai, Hao Ran / Craven, Dylan / Hall, Jefferson S / Hui, Francis K C / van Breugel, Michiel

Ecology letters

2021 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1776–1787

Abstract: Identifying generalisable processes that underpin population dynamics is crucial for understanding successional patterns. While longitudinal or chronosequence data are powerful tools for doing so, the traditional focus on community-level shifts in ... ...

Abstract	Identifying generalisable processes that underpin population dynamics is crucial for understanding successional patterns. While longitudinal or chronosequence data are powerful tools for doing so, the traditional focus on community-level shifts in taxonomic and functional composition rather than species-level trait-demography relationships has made generalisation difficult. Using joint species distribution models, we demonstrate how three traits-photosynthetic rate, adult stature, and seed mass-moderate recruitment and sapling mortality rates of 46 woody species during secondary succession. We show that the pioneer syndrome emerges from higher photosynthetic rates, shorter adult statures and lighter seeds that facilitate exploitation of light in younger secondary forests, while 'long-lived pioneer' and 'late successional' syndromes are associated with trait values that enable species to persist in the understory or reach the upper canopy in older secondary forests. Our study highlights the context dependency of trait-demography relationships, which drive successional shifts in sapling's species composition in secondary forests.
MeSH term(s)	Forests ; Population Dynamics ; Syndrome ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13784
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Lianas do not reduce tree biomass accumulation in young successional tropical dry forests.

Estrada-Villegas, Sergio / Hall, Jefferson S / van Breugel, Michiel / Schnitzer, Stefan A

Oecologia

2021 Volume 195, Issue 4, Page(s) 1019–1029

Abstract	Young successional tropical forests are crucial in the global carbon cycle because they can quickly sequester large quantities of atmospheric carbon. However, lianas (woody vines) can significantly decrease biomass accumulation in young regenerating forests. Lianas are abundant in tropical dry forests, and thus we hypothesized that lianas reduce biomass accretion in dry forests. Lianas may be particularly detrimental to the growth of young trees, which are vulnerable to competition from lianas. Alternatively, lianas may have a stronger negative effect on the largest trees because lianas seek the high-light environment at the top of the forest canopy. We tested these hypotheses using a liana-removal experiment in 13 dry forest stands that ranged from 1 to 70 years in southwestern Panama. We measured biomass accumulation annually for more than 10,000 stems from 2013 to 2017. Contrary to our expectations, liana removal had no effect on tree biomass accumulation across our successional forests and throughout our study period. Liana removal did not benefit smaller trees or larger trees. Lianas did not increase biomass accumulation on recruits, and did not increase biomass loss due to mortality. Surprisingly, removing lianas had a negative effect on three out of 41 tree species. Lianas had no effect on biomass accumulation and loss, possibly because: (1) trees allocated resources to roots instead of stems, (2) trees and lianas partitioned water, (3) higher irradiance after liana removal reduced soil moisture, or (4) low water availability might have been such a strong stressor that it reduced plant-plant competition.
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Forests ; Panama ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-021-04877-z
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Article: Coarse root architecture: Neighbourhood and abiotic environmental effects on five tropical tree species growing in mixtures and monocultures

Madsen, Christopher / Hall, Jefferson / Potvin, Catherine / Schnabel, Florian / Sinacore, Katherine / Turner, Benjamin L

Elsevier B.V. Forest ecology and management. 2020 Mar. 15, v. 460

2020

Abstract: Most biodiversity-ecosystem function research focusses above-ground; if it considers roots, it considers fine roots, while coarse roots remain a “black box”. We utilized the Sardinilla experiment in Panamá, the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment, ... ...

Abstract	Most biodiversity-ecosystem function research focusses above-ground; if it considers roots, it considers fine roots, while coarse roots remain a “black box”. We utilized the Sardinilla experiment in Panamá, the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment, to test how species mixtures at the plot and neighbourhood scales and abiotic environmental characteristics affected 7 coarse root traits of 5 tropical tree species. Sardinilla was planted in 2001 with a gradient of native tree species richness of two-, three- and five-species mixtures and their respective monocultures. Root systems of 128 mature trees were excavated 0.5 m radially and one coarse root was fully excavated; unexcavated root lengths were predicted using species-specific allometric relationships. Root traits included the observed traits primary root length, diameter, and number, the number of secondary roots per meter of primary root, predicted root system extent and total predicted length of roots, and coarse root biomass. Tree size scaled positively with most root traits. Species identity (conspecific or heterospecific) and size of near neighbours were found to explain more variation (63.0%) in root traits than abiotic environmental characteristics (30.4%). Trees in waterlogged plots grew fewer, longer roots. Trees reduced root system extent but grew more roots when growing with conspecifics or growing in plots of high soil nitrogen and greater depth to water table. These findings suggest strategies employed by tropical tree species to both reduce competition with neighbours and make the most of local abiotic conditions, bringing us closer to understanding the role of coarse roots in the context of BEF research in forests.
Keywords	allometry ; biomass ; environmental factors ; environmental impact ; fine roots ; forests ; indigenous species ; nitrogen ; root systems ; soil ; soil fertility ; species richness ; trees ; tropical plants ; water table ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0315
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117851
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Lianas reduce biomass accumulation in early successional tropical forests

Estrada‐Villegas, Sergio / Hall, Jefferson S / van Breugel, Michiel / Schnitzer, Stefan A

Ecology. 2020 May, v. 101, no. 5

2020

Abstract: Early successional tropical forests could mitigate climate change via rapid accumulation of atmospheric carbon. However, liana (woody vine) abundance and biomass has been increasing in many tropical forests over the past decades, which may slow the speed ...

Abstract	Early successional tropical forests could mitigate climate change via rapid accumulation of atmospheric carbon. However, liana (woody vine) abundance and biomass has been increasing in many tropical forests over the past decades, which may slow the speed at which secondary forests accumulate biomass. Lianas decrease biomass accumulation in tropical forests, and may have a particularly strong effect on young forests by stalling tree growth. As forests mature, trees may outgrow or shed lianas, thus escaping some of the negative effects of lianas. Alternatively, lianas may have the strongest effect in older successional forests if the effect of lianas is commensurate with their density, which increases dramatically in the first decades of forest succession. We tested these two hypotheses using a landscape liana‐removal experiment in 30 forest stands that ranged from 10 to 35 yr old in Central Panama. We measured tree growth and biomass accumulation in the stands every year from 2014 to 2017. We found that the effect of liana removal on large trees (≥20‐cm diameter) decreased with forest age, supporting the hypothesis that lianas have the strongest negative effects on trees, and thus biomass uptake and carbon storage, in very young successional forests. Large trees accumulated more biomass in the absence of lianas in younger forests than in older forests (compared to controls) even after accounting for the effect of canopy completeness and crown illumination, implying that the detrimental effects of lianas go well beyond resource availability and crown health. There was no significant effect of lianas on small trees (1–20‐cm diameter), likely because lianas seek light and thus do not deploy their leaves on small trees that are trapped in the forest understory. Our results show that high liana density early in forest succession reduces forest biomass accumulation by negatively impacting large trees, thus decreasing the capacity of young secondary forests to mitigate climate change. Although the negative effects of lianas on forest biomass diminish as forests age, they do not disappear, and thus lianas are an important component of tropical forest carbon budgets throughout succession.
Keywords	biomass production ; canopy ; carbon ; carbon sequestration ; climate change ; forest succession ; landscapes ; lianas ; lighting ; tree growth ; tropical forests ; understory ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-05
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1797-8
ISSN	0012-9658
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.2989
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