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  1. Article ; Online: Subfield-specific longitudinal changes of hippocampal volumes in patients with early-stage bipolar disorder.

    Atwood, Bruce / Yassin, Walid / Chan, Shi Yu / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Bipolar disorders

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 301–311

    Abstract: Background: The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure composed of biologically and functionally distinct subfields. Hippocampal aberrations are proposed to play a fundamental role in the etiology of psychotic symptoms. Bipolar disorder (BPD) has ... ...

    Abstract Background: The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure composed of biologically and functionally distinct subfields. Hippocampal aberrations are proposed to play a fundamental role in the etiology of psychotic symptoms. Bipolar disorder (BPD) has substantial overlap in symptomatology and genetic liability with schizophrenia (SZ), and reduced hippocampal volumes, particularly at the chronic illness stages, are documented in both disorders. Studies of hippocampal subfields in the early stage of BPD are limited and cross-sectional findings to date report no reduction in hippocampal volumes. To our knowledge, there have been no longitudinal studies of BPD evaluating hippocampal volumes in the early phase of illness. We investigated the longitudinal changes in hippocampal regions and subfields in BPD mainly and in early stage of psychosis (ESP) patients more broadly and compared them to those in controls (HC).
    Methods: Baseline clinical and structural MRI data were acquired from 88 BPD, from a total of 143 ESP patients, and 74 HCs. Of those, 66 participants (23 HC, 43 patients) completed a 12-month follow-up visit. The hippocampus regions and subfields were segmented using Freesurfer automated pipeline.
    Results: We found general baseline deficits in hippocampal volumes among BPD and ESP cohorts. Both cohorts displayed significant increases in the anterior hippocampal region and dentate gyrus compared with controls. Additionally, antipsychotic medications were positively correlated with the posterior region at baseline.
    Conclusion: These findings highlight brain plasticity in BPD and in ESP patients providing evidence that deviations in hippocampal volumes are adaptive responses to atypical signaling rather than progressive degeneration.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Organ Size
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1472242-2
    ISSN 1399-5618 ; 1398-5647
    ISSN (online) 1399-5618
    ISSN 1398-5647
    DOI 10.1111/bdi.13315
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    Zs.A 5604: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Smoking as a Common Modulator of Sensory Gating and Reward Learning in Individuals with Psychotic Disorders.

    Whitton, Alexis E / Lewandowski, Kathryn E / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Brain sciences

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 12

    Abstract: Motivational and perceptual disturbances co-occur in psychosis and have been linked to aberrations in reward learning and sensory gating, respectively. Although traditionally studied independently, when viewed through a predictive coding framework, these ...

    Abstract Motivational and perceptual disturbances co-occur in psychosis and have been linked to aberrations in reward learning and sensory gating, respectively. Although traditionally studied independently, when viewed through a predictive coding framework, these processes can both be linked to dysfunction in striatal dopaminergic prediction error signaling. This study examined whether reward learning and sensory gating are correlated in individuals with psychotic disorders, and whether nicotine-a psychostimulant that amplifies phasic striatal dopamine firing-is a common modulator of these two processes. We recruited 183 patients with psychotic disorders (79 schizophrenia, 104 psychotic bipolar disorder) and 129 controls and assessed reward learning (behavioral probabilistic reward task), sensory gating (P50 event-related potential), and smoking history. Reward learning and sensory gating were correlated across the sample. Smoking influenced reward learning and sensory gating in both patient groups; however, the effects were in opposite directions. Specifically, smoking was associated with improved performance in individuals with schizophrenia but impaired performance in individuals with psychotic bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that reward learning and sensory gating are linked and modulated by smoking. However, disorder-specific associations with smoking suggest that nicotine may expose pathophysiological differences in the architecture and function of prediction error circuitry in these overlapping yet distinct psychotic disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci11121581
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  3. Article ; Online: Test-retest reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in psychotic disorders.

    Cay, Mariesa / Chouinard, Virginie-Anne / Hall, Mei-Hua / Shinn, Ann K

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2022  Volume 156, Page(s) 78–83

    Abstract: Background: Childhood trauma is common and associated with worse psychiatric outcomes. Yet, clinicians may not inquire about childhood trauma due to a misconception that patients cannot provide reliable reports. The goal of this study was to examine the ...

    Abstract Background: Childhood trauma is common and associated with worse psychiatric outcomes. Yet, clinicians may not inquire about childhood trauma due to a misconception that patients cannot provide reliable reports. The goal of this study was to examine the reliability of self-reports of childhood trauma in psychotic disorders.
    Methods: We examined the test-retest reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in schizophrenia (SZ, n = 19), psychotic bipolar disorder (BD, n = 17), and healthy control (HC, n = 28) participants who completed the CTQ on ≥2 occasions over variable time periods (mean 19.6 months). We calculated the intraclass correlation (ICC) for the total CTQ score, each of the five CTQ domains, and the minimization/denial subscale for the three groups. For any CTQ domains showing low test-retest reliability (ICC < 0.61), we also explored whether positive, negative, depressive, and manic symptom severity were associated with CTQ variability.
    Results: We found high ICC values for the total CTQ score in all three groups (SZ 0.82, BD 0.85, HC 0.88). The ICC values for CTQ subdomains were also high with the exceptions of scores for sexual abuse in BD (0.40), emotional neglect in SZ (0.60), and physical neglect in BD (0.51) and HC (0.43). In exploratory analyses, self-reports of sexual abuse in BD were associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms (β = 0.108, p = 0.004).
    Conclusions: Patients with SZ and BD can provide reliable self-reports of childhood trauma, especially related to physical and emotional abuse. The presence of psychosis should not deter clinicians from asking patients about childhood trauma.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.053
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  4. Article ; Online: Exploring the influence of functional architecture on cortical thickness networks in early psychosis - A longitudinal study.

    Holton, Kristina M / Chan, Shi Yu / Brockmeier, Austin J / Öngür, Dost / Hall, Mei-Hua

    NeuroImage

    2023  Volume 274, Page(s) 120127

    Abstract: Cortical thickness reductions differ between individuals with psychotic disorders and comparison subjects even in early stages of illness. Whether these reductions covary as expected by functional network membership or simply by spatial proximity has not ...

    Abstract Cortical thickness reductions differ between individuals with psychotic disorders and comparison subjects even in early stages of illness. Whether these reductions covary as expected by functional network membership or simply by spatial proximity has not been fully elucidated. Through orthonormal projective non-negative matrix factorization, cortical thickness measurements in functionally-annotated regions from MRI scans of early-stage psychosis and matched healthy controls were reduced in dimensionality into features capturing positive covariance. Rather than matching the functional networks, the covarying regions in each feature displayed a more localized spatial organization. With Bayesian belief networks, the covarying regions per feature were arranged into a network topology to visualize the dependency structure and identify key driving regions. The features demonstrated diagnosis-specific differences in cortical thickness distributions per feature, identifying reduction-vulnerable spatial regions. Differences in key cortical thickness features between psychosis and control groups were delineated, as well as those between affective and non-affective psychosis. Clustering of the participants, stratified by diagnosis and clinical variables, characterized the clinical traits that define the cortical thickness patterns. Longitudinal follow-up revealed that in select clusters with low baseline cortical thickness, clinical traits improved over time. Our study represents a novel effort to characterize brain structure in relation to functional networks in healthy and clinical populations and to map patterns of cortical thickness alterations among ESP patients onto clinical variables for a better understanding of brain pathophysiology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Bayes Theorem ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120127
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    Zs.A 3664: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 7: Show issues

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  5. Article: Incorporating Risk Factor Embeddings in Pre-trained Transformers Improves Sentiment Prediction in Psychiatric Discharge Summaries.

    Ding, Xiyu / Hall, Mei-Hua / Miller, Timothy A

    Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 35–40

    Abstract: Reducing rates of early hospital readmission has been recognized and identified as a key to improve quality of care and reduce costs. There are a number of risk factors that have been hypothesized to be important for understanding re-admission risk, ... ...

    Abstract Reducing rates of early hospital readmission has been recognized and identified as a key to improve quality of care and reduce costs. There are a number of risk factors that have been hypothesized to be important for understanding re-admission risk, including such factors as problems with substance abuse, ability to maintain work, relations with family. In this work, we develop RoBERTa-based models to predict the sentiment of sentences describing readmission risk factors in discharge summaries of patients with psychosis. We improve substantially on previous results by a scheme that shares information across risk factors while also allowing the model to learn risk factor-specific information.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.clinicalnlp-1.4
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  6. Article ; Online: [No title information]

    Keshavan, Matcheri S / Kelly, Sinead / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie

    2020  Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 231–234

    Title translation The Core Deficit of “Classical” Schizophrenia Cuts Across the Psychosis Spectrum.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Treatment Outcome
    Language French
    Publishing date 2020-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 304227-3
    ISSN 1497-0015 ; 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
    ISSN (online) 1497-0015
    ISSN 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
    DOI 10.1177/0706743719898911
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    Zs.A 110: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Longitudinal relationships between mismatch negativity, cognitive performance, and real-world functioning in early psychosis.

    Higgins, Amy / Lewandowski, Kathryn Eve / Liukasemsarn, Saran / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Schizophrenia research

    2021  Volume 228, Page(s) 385–393

    Abstract: Background: Reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) is observed in early psychosis (EP) and correlated with cognition and functioning, but few studies have examined their longitudinal relationships and diagnostic specificity. We examined MMN, neuro- and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) is observed in early psychosis (EP) and correlated with cognition and functioning, but few studies have examined their longitudinal relationships and diagnostic specificity. We examined MMN, neuro- and social-cognition, and functional measures in EP patients with schizophrenia-spectrum (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) over a 1-year follow-up.
    Methods: 54 EP patients (SZ: n = 24; BD: n = 30) and 42 healthy controls completed baseline measures: MMN, neuro- and social-cognition, and functional assessments. 30 EP patients completed 12-month follow-up assessments. Patients and controls were compared on MMN at baseline and follow-up, and diagnostic subgroup analyses were performed. Associations amongst MMN, neuro- and social cognition, and clinical measures were examined and predictive models of follow-up outcomes were conducted.
    Results: EP patients showed significantly reduced MMN compared to controls at baseline (p = 0.023). MMN was impaired in SZ patients at baseline (p = 0.017) and follow-up (p = 0.003); BD patients did not differ from controls at either timepoint. MMN was associated with symptom severity and functioning at baseline, and with social cognition and functioning at follow up, but was not predictive of functional outcomes at follow-up.
    Conclusions: MMN abnormalities were evident in EP SZ-spectrum disorders at both timepoints, but not in BD at either timepoint. MMN was associated with functioning cross-sectionally, but did not predict future functional outcomes. However, deficits in MMN were associated with social cognition, which may have downstream effects on community functioning. Implications for targeted interventions to improve social processing and community outcomes are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Bipolar Disorder ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Humans ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.009
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    Zs.A 2351: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 543: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Sensory gating, neurocognition, social cognition and real-life functioning: a 2-year follow-up of early psychosis.

    Li, Shen / Chan, Shi Yu / Higgins, Amy / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Psychological medicine

    2021  Volume 53, Issue 6, Page(s) 2540–2552

    Abstract: Background: Diminished sensory gating (SG) is a robust finding in psychotic disorders, but studies of early psychosis (EP) are rare. It is unknown whether SG deficit leads to poor neurocognitive, social, and/or real-world functioning. This study aimed ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diminished sensory gating (SG) is a robust finding in psychotic disorders, but studies of early psychosis (EP) are rare. It is unknown whether SG deficit leads to poor neurocognitive, social, and/or real-world functioning. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationships between SG and these variables.
    Methods: Seventy-nine EP patients and 88 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited at baseline. Thirty-three and 20 EP patients completed 12-month and 24-month follow-up, respectively. SG was measured using the auditory dual-click (S1 & S2) paradigm and quantified as P50 ratio (S2/S1) and difference (S1-S2). Cognition, real-life functioning, and symptoms were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, Global Functioning: Social (GFS) and Role (GFR), Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS), Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, mixed model, correlation and regression analyses were used for group comparisons and relationships among variables controlling for potential confounding variables.
    Results: In EP patients, P50 ratio (
    Conclusions: SG showed progressive reduction in EP patients. P50 indices were related to real-life functioning.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Social Cognition ; Follow-Up Studies ; Psychotic Disorders ; Analysis of Variance ; Sensory Gating
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217420-0
    ISSN 1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
    ISSN (online) 1469-8978
    ISSN 0033-2917
    DOI 10.1017/S0033291721004463
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    Zs.B 1003: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Between-Network Brain Connectivity in Early Psychosis.

    Chan, Shi Yu / Nickerson, Lisa D / Pathak, Roma / Öngür, Dost / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Schizophrenia bulletin open

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) sgac014

    Abstract: The Triple Network Model of psychopathology identifies the salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN) as key networks underlying the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In particular, abnormal SN- ... ...

    Abstract The Triple Network Model of psychopathology identifies the salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN) as key networks underlying the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In particular, abnormal SN-initiated network switching impacts the engagement and disengagement of the CEN and DMN, and is proposed to lead to the generation of psychosis symptoms. Between-network connectivity has been shown to be abnormal in both substance use disorders (SUD) and psychosis. However, none have studied how SUD affects connectivity between sub-networks of the DMN, SN, and CEN in early stage psychosis (ESP) patients. In this study, we collected data from 113 ESP patients and 50 healthy controls to investigate the effect of SUD on between-network connectivity. In addition, we performed sub-group analysis by exploring whether past SUD vs current SUD co-morbidity, or diagnosis (affective vs non-affective psychosis) had a modulatory effect. Connectivity between four network-pairs, consisting of sub-networks of the SN, CEN, and DMN, was significantly different between ESP patients and controls. Two patterns of connectivity were observed when patients were divided into sub-groups with current vs past SUD. In particular, connectivity between right CEN and the cingulo-opercular salience sub-network (rCEN-CON) showed a gradient effect where the severity of abnormalities increased from no history of SUD to past+ to current+. We also observed diagnosis-specific effects, suggesting non-affective psychosis patients were particularly vulnerable to effects of substance use on rCEN-CON connectivity. Our findings reveal insights into how comorbid SUD affects between-network connectivity and symptom severity in ESP.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-7899
    ISSN (online) 2632-7899
    DOI 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac014
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  10. Article: Annotation of Trauma-related Linguistic Features in Psychiatric Electronic Health Records for Machine Learning Applications.

    Holderness, Eben / Atwood, Bruce / Verhagen, Marc / Shinn, Ann / Cawkwell, Philip / Pustejovsky, James / Hall, Mei-Hua

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Psychiatric electronic health records (EHRs) present a distinctive challenge in the domain of ML owing to their unstructured nature, with a high degree of complexity and variability. This study aimed to identify a cohort of patients with diagnoses of a ... ...

    Abstract Psychiatric electronic health records (EHRs) present a distinctive challenge in the domain of ML owing to their unstructured nature, with a high degree of complexity and variability. This study aimed to identify a cohort of patients with diagnoses of a psychotic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), develop clinically-informed guidelines for annotating these health records for instances of traumatic events to create a gold standard publicly available dataset, and demonstrate that the data gathered using this annotation scheme is suitable for training a machine learning (ML) model to identify these indicators of trauma in unseen health records. We created a representative corpus of 101 EHRs (222,033 tokens) from a centralized database and a detailed annotation scheme for annotating information relevant to traumatic events in the clinical narratives. A team of clinical experts annotated the dataset and updated the annotation guidelines in collaboration with computational linguistic specialists. Inter-annotator agreement was high (0.688 for span tags, 0.589 for relations, and 0.874 for tag attributes). We characterize the major points relating to the annotation process of psychiatric EHRs. Additionally, high-performing baseline span labeling and relation extraction ML models were developed to demonstrate practical viability of the gold standard corpus for ML applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2711718/v1
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