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  1. Article ; Online: Goal management training improves executive control in adults with ADHD: an open trial employing attention network theory to examine effects on attention.

    Jensen, Daniel A / Lundervold, Astri J / Stubberud, Jan / Halmøy, Anne / Haavik, Jan / Sørensen, Lin

    BMC psychology

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 207

    Abstract: Background: Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) typically experience poorer attentional control. According to the attention network theory, attentional control relies on three interacting networks of alerting, orienting, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) typically experience poorer attentional control. According to the attention network theory, attentional control relies on three interacting networks of alerting, orienting, and executive control. In ADHD, it is mainly the alerting and executive control networks that are suggested and found to be compromised.
    Methods: In the current study, we investigated if a group-based metacognitive remediation program (Goal Management Training [GMT]) in adults with ADHD would enhance attentional control using an experimental measure of the attention network theory. We expected that GMT would specifically enhance the executive control and alerting networks.
    Results: Data from post- and follow up-assessments of 21 adults (age: 39.05 [11.93]) with ADHD who had completed GMT were included. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed significant improvements in the functioning of the executive control network for the majority of the participants, although a small subset of participants showed a negative development following the intervention. Results also showed an improvement in the orienting network at follow up, but no change in the alerting network.
    Conclusion: The results may indicate that improvements in the functioning of the executive control network are central to the positive effects of GMT reported in disorders characterized by impaired attentional control.
    Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN (Identifier: ISRCTN91988877) on the 18/01/2021.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Cognition Disorders ; Executive Function ; Goals ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2705921-2
    ISSN 2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
    ISSN (online) 2050-7283
    ISSN 2050-7283
    DOI 10.1186/s40359-022-00902-9
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  2. Article ; Online: A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

    Chaulagain, Ashmita / Lyhmann, Ingvild / Halmøy, Anne / Widding-Havneraas, Tarjei / Nyttingnes, Olav / Bjelland, Ingvar / Mykletun, Arnstein

    European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) e90

    Abstract: Background: There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD.: Methods: We searched MEDLINE, ...

    Abstract Background: There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD.
    Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria.
    Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the short-term, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed.
    Conclusions: Despite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Suicide ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Central Nervous System Stimulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074337-6
    ISSN 1778-3585 ; 0767-399X ; 0924-9338
    ISSN (online) 1778-3585
    ISSN 0767-399X ; 0924-9338
    DOI 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2451
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  3. Article ; Online: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and their relation to diagnosed ADHD, sociodemographic characteristics, and substance use among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a Norwegian cohort study.

    Vold, Jørn Henrik / Halmøy, Anne / Chalabianloo, Fatemeh / Pierron, Marianne Cook / Løberg, Else-Marie / Johansson, Kjell Arne / Fadnes, Lars Thore

    BMC psychiatry

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 479

    Abstract: Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may challenge sufficient treatment of substance use and mental disorders. The literature on the extent of such symptoms among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is scarce. ...

    Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may challenge sufficient treatment of substance use and mental disorders. The literature on the extent of such symptoms among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is scarce. This study examined ADHD symptoms using the ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) and the association between the 'ASRS-memory' and 'ASRS-attention' scores and substance use and sociodemographic characteristics among patients receiving OAT.
    Methods: We used data from assessment visits of a cohort of patients in Norway. In total, 701 patients were included from May 2017 to March 2022. All patients responded at least once to two ASRS questions assessing memory and attention, respectively. Ordinal regression analyses were performed to investigate whether the two obtained scores were associated with age, sex, frequent substance use, injecting use, housing status, and educational attainment at baseline, i.e., the first assessment, and over time. The results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, a subsample of 225 patients completed an extended interview, including the ASRS-screener and collection of registered mental disorder diagnoses from the medical records. Standard cutoffs were used to define the presence of each ASRS symptom or a positive ASRS-screener ('ASRS-positive').
    Results: At baseline, 428 (61%) and 307 (53%) patients scored over the cutoffs on the 'ASRS-memory' and 'ASRS-attention,' respectively. Frequent cannabis use was associated with higher 'ASRS-memory' (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) and 'ASRS-attention' (1.7, 1.1-2.5) scores compared with less or no use at baseline, though reduced score on the 'ASRS-memory' over time (0.7, 0.6-1.0). At baseline, frequent stimulant use (1.8, 1.0-3.2) and low educational attainment (0.1, 0.0-0.8) were associated with higher 'ASRS-memory' scores. In the subsample fulfilling the ASRS-screener, 45% of the patients were 'ASRS-positive,' of whom 13% with a registered ADHD diagnosis.
    Conclusions: Our findings illustrate a relationship between the ASRS-memory and -attention scores and frequent cannabis and stimulant use. Furthermore, nearly half of the subsample was 'ASRS-positive.' Patients receiving OAT might benefit from being further assessed for ADHD, but improved diagnostic methods are required.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Cannabis ; Hallucinogens ; Norway/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-023-04980-w
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  4. Article: An Exploratory Investigation of Goal Management Training in Adults With ADHD: Improvements in Inhibition and Everyday Functioning.

    Jensen, Daniel André / Halmøy, Anne / Stubberud, Jan / Haavik, Jan / Lundervold, Astri Johansen / Sørensen, Lin

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 659480

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659480
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  5. Article ; Online: Work participation in ADHD and associations with social characteristics, education, lifetime depression, and ADHD symptom severity.

    Anker, Espen / Halmøy, Anne / Heir, Trond

    Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders

    2018  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–165

    Abstract: The literature refers to high rates of occupational failure in the population of adults with ADHD. The explanation for this is less known. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between social characteristics and clinical features of ... ...

    Abstract The literature refers to high rates of occupational failure in the population of adults with ADHD. The explanation for this is less known. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between social characteristics and clinical features of adults with ADHD and their occupational outcome. Out of 1050 patients diagnosed with ADHD in a specialized outpatient clinic between 2005 and 2017, 813 (77.4%) agreed to participate in the study. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, and ADHD subtypes recorded accordingly. Lifetime depression was diagnosed using the specific module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Occupational status and other social characteristics like marital status and living with children were recorded. Intelligence (IQ) and symptom severity of ADHD (ASRS score) were assessed in subsamples of participants (n = 526 and n = 567, respectively). In this sample of adults with ADHD (mean age 36.9 years, 48.5% women), 55.3% of the women and 63.7% of the men were working at the time of inclusion. Work participation was associated with being male, being married or cohabitant, or living with children, as well as a life story without major depression. Age, education, ADHD subtype, and ADHD symptom severity were not significantly associated with work participation. Neither was IQ when adjusted for other covariates. Occupational outcome in adults with ADHD appears to be more associated with social characteristics and a history of depression, rather than with IQ, ADHD subtype, or ADHD symptom severity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Comorbidity ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norway/epidemiology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sociological Factors ; Wechsler Scales/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-05
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2486747-0
    ISSN 1866-6647 ; 1866-6116
    ISSN (online) 1866-6647
    ISSN 1866-6116
    DOI 10.1007/s12402-018-0260-2
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  6. Article ; Online: Dialectical behavioral therapy-based group treatment versus treatment as usual for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

    Halmøy, Anne / Ring, Anna Edith / Gjestad, Rolf / Møller, Merete / Ubostad, Bente / Lien, Tage / Munkhaugen, Ellen Kathrine / Fredriksen, Mats

    BMC psychiatry

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 738

    Abstract: Background: Studies on structured skills training groups have indicated beneficial, although still inconclusive, effects on core symptoms of ADHD in adults. This trial examined effects of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy-based group treatment (DBT-bGT) on ...

    Abstract Background: Studies on structured skills training groups have indicated beneficial, although still inconclusive, effects on core symptoms of ADHD in adults. This trial examined effects of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy-based group treatment (DBT-bGT) on the broader and clinically relevant executive functioning and emotional regulation in adults with ADHD.
    Methods: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, adult patients with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive either weekly DBT-bGT or treatment as usual (TAU) during 14 weeks. Subsequently, participants receiving TAU were offered DBT-bGT. All were reassessed six months after ended DBT-bGT. Primary outcomes were the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Secondary outcomes included self-reported ADHD-symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. We used independent samples t- tests to compare the mean difference of change from pre- to post-treatment between the two treatment groups, and univariate linear models adjusting for differences between sites.
    Results: In total, 121 participants (68 females), mean age 37 years, from seven outpatient clinics were included, of whom 104 (86%) completed the 14-week trial. Entering the study, 63% used medication for ADHD. Compared to TAU (n = 54), patients initially completing DBT-bGT (n = 50) had a significantly larger mean reduction on the BRIEF-A (-12.8 versus -0.37, P = 0.005, effect size 0.64), and all secondary outcomes, except for symptoms of anxiety. All significant improvements persisted at 6 months follow-up. Change on DERS did not differ significantly between the groups after 14 weeks, but scores continued to decrease between end of group-treatment and follow-up.
    Conclusions: This DBT-bGT was superior to TAU in reducing executive dysfunction, core symptoms of ADHD and in improving quality of life in adults with ADHD. Improvements sustained six months after ended treatment. The feasibility and results of this study provide evidence for this group treatment as a suitable non-pharmacological treatment option for adults with ADHD in ordinary clinical settings.
    Trial registrations: The study was pre-registered in the ISRCTN registry (identification number ISRCTN30469893, date February 19
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Behavior Therapy ; Language ; Anxiety
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-022-04356-6
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  7. Article ; Online: Variation in attitudes toward diagnosis and medication of ADHD: a survey among clinicians in the Norwegian child and adolescent mental health services.

    Lyhmann, Ingvild / Widding-Havneraas, Tarjei / Zachrisson, Henrik Daae / Bjelland, Ingvar / Chaulagain, Ashmita / Mykletun, Arnstein / Halmøy, Anne

    European child & adolescent psychiatry

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 12, Page(s) 2557–2567

    Abstract: Prevalence and medication rates of ADHD vary geographically, both between and within countries. No absolute cutoff exists between ADHD and normal behavior, making clinician attitudes (leading to local practice cultures) a potential explanation for the ... ...

    Abstract Prevalence and medication rates of ADHD vary geographically, both between and within countries. No absolute cutoff exists between ADHD and normal behavior, making clinician attitudes (leading to local practice cultures) a potential explanation for the observed variation in diagnosis and medication rates. The objective of this study was to describe variation in attitudes toward diagnosis and medication of ADHD among clinicians working in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). We hypothesized that attitudes would vary along a spectrum from "restrictive" to "liberal". We also explored whether differences in attitudes between clinicians were related to professional background and workplace (clinic). A survey in the form of a web-based questionnaire was developed. All CAMHS outpatient clinics in Norway were invited. Potential respondents were all clinicians involved in diagnosing and treating children and adolescents with ADHD. To investigate the existence of attitudes toward diagnosis and medication as latent constructs, we applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We further examined how much of variance in attitudes could be ascribed to profession and clinics by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients. In total, 674 respondents representing 77 (88%) of the clinics participated. We confirmed variation in attitudes with average responses leaning toward the "restrictive" end of the spectrum. CFA supported "attitude toward diagnosis" and "attitude toward medication" as separate, and moderately correlated (r = 0.4) latent variables, representing a scale from restrictive to liberal. Professional background and workplace explained only a small part of variance in these attitudes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Mental Health Services ; Norway/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1118299-4
    ISSN 1435-165X ; 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
    ISSN (online) 1435-165X
    ISSN 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
    DOI 10.1007/s00787-022-02110-7
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3524: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Current and Retrospective Childhood Ratings of Emotional Fluctuations in Adults With ADHD.

    Lundervold, Astri J / Halmøy, Anne / Nordby, Emilie S / Haavik, Jan / Meza, Jocelyn I

    Frontiers in psychology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 571101

    Abstract: Introduction: ...

    Abstract Introduction:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571101
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  9. Article ; Online: Effect of ADHD medication on risk of injuries: a preference-based instrumental variable analysis.

    Widding-Havneraas, Tarjei / Elwert, Felix / Markussen, Simen / Zachrisson, Henrik Daae / Lyhmann, Ingvild / Chaulagain, Ashmita / Bjelland, Ingvar / Halmøy, Anne / Rypdal, Knut / Mykletun, Arnstein

    European child & adolescent psychiatry

    2023  

    Abstract: ADHD is associated with an increased risk of injury. Causal evidence for effects of pharmacological treatment on injuries is scarce. We estimated effects of ADHD medication on injuries using variation in provider preference as an instrumental variable ( ... ...

    Abstract ADHD is associated with an increased risk of injury. Causal evidence for effects of pharmacological treatment on injuries is scarce. We estimated effects of ADHD medication on injuries using variation in provider preference as an instrumental variable (IV). Using Norwegian registry data, we followed 8051 patients who were diagnosed with ADHD aged 5 to 18 between 2009 and 2011 and recorded their ADHD medication and injuries treated in emergency rooms and emergency wards up to 4 years after diagnosis. Persons with ADHD had an increased risk of injuries compared to the general population (RR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.30-1.39), with higher risk in females (RR 1.47; 95% CI: 1.38-1.56) than males (RR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.18-1.28). The between-clinics variation in provider preference for ADHD medication was large and had a considerable impact on patients' treatment status. There was no causal evidence for protective effects of pharmacological treatment on injuries overall for young individuals with ADHD characterized by milder or atypical symptoms. However, there was an apparent effect of pharmacological treatment over time on the risk of injuries treated at emergency wards in this patient group.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1118299-4
    ISSN 1435-165X ; 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
    ISSN (online) 1435-165X
    ISSN 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
    DOI 10.1007/s00787-023-02294-6
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of Pharmacological Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Criminality.

    Widding-Havneraas, Tarjei / Zachrisson, Henrik Daae / Markussen, Simen / Elwert, Felix / Lyhmann, Ingvild / Chaulagain, Ashmita / Bjelland, Ingvar / Halmøy, Anne / Rypdal, Knut / Mykletun, Arnstein

    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 433–442

    Abstract: Objective: Criminality rates are higher among persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and evidence that medication reduces crime is limited. Medication rates between clinics vary widely even within universal health care systems, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Criminality rates are higher among persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and evidence that medication reduces crime is limited. Medication rates between clinics vary widely even within universal health care systems, partly because of providers' treatment preferences. We used this variation to estimate causal effects of pharmacological treatment of ADHD on 4-year criminal outcomes.
    Method: We used Norwegian population-level registry data to identify all unique patients aged 10 to 18 years diagnosed with ADHD between 2009 and 2011 (n = 5,624), their use of ADHD medication, and subsequent criminal charges. An instrumental variable design, exploiting variation in provider preference for ADHD medication between clinics, was used to identify causal effects of ADHD medication on crime among patients on the margin of treatment, that is, patients who receive treatment because of their provider's preference.
    Results: Criminality was higher in patients with ADHD relative to the general population. Medication preference varied between clinics and strongly affected patients' treatment. Instrumental variable analyses supported a protective effect of pharmacological treatment on violence-related and public-order-related charges with numbers needed to treat of 14 and 8, respectively. There was no evidence for effects on drug-, traffic-, sexual-, or property-related charges.
    Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate causal effects of pharmacological treatment of ADHD on some types of crimes in a population-based natural experiment. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD reduced crime related to impulsive-reactive behavior in patients with ADHD on the margin of treatment. No effects were found on crimes requiring criminal intent, conspiracy, and planning.
    Study preregistration information: The ADHD controversy project: Long-term effects of ADHD medication; https://www.isrctn.com/; 11891971.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Criminal Behavior ; Crime ; Violence ; Criminals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392535-3
    ISSN 1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
    ISSN (online) 1527-5418
    ISSN 0890-8567
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.025
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