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  1. Article ; Online: Muographic monitoring of hydrogeomorphic changes induced by post-eruptive lahars and erosion of Sakurajima volcano.

    Oláh, László / Tanaka, Hiroyuki K M / Hamar, Gergő

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 17729

    Abstract: Post-eruptive destabilization of volcanic edifices by gravity driven debris flows or erosion can catastrophically impact the landscapes, economies and human societies surrounding active volcanoes. In this work, we propose cosmic-ray muon imaging ( ... ...

    Abstract Post-eruptive destabilization of volcanic edifices by gravity driven debris flows or erosion can catastrophically impact the landscapes, economies and human societies surrounding active volcanoes. In this work, we propose cosmic-ray muon imaging (muography) as a tool for the remote monitoring of hydrogeomorphic responses to volcano landscape disturbances. We conducted the muographic monitoring of Sakurajima volcano, Kyushu, Japan and measured continuous post-eruptive activity with over 30 lahars per year. The sensitive surface area of the Multi-Wire-Proportional-Chamber-based Muography Observation System was upgraded to 7.67 m[Formula: see text]; this made it possible for the density of tephra within the crater region to be measured in 40 days. We observed the muon flux decrease from 10 to 40% through the different regions of the crater from September 2019 to October 2020 due to the continuous deposition of tephra fallouts. In spite of the long-term mass increase, significant mass decreases were also observed after the onsets of rain-triggered lahars that induced the erosion of sedimented tephra. The first muographic observation of these post-eruptive phenomena demonstrate that this passive imaging technique has the potential to contribute to the assessment of indirect volcanic hazards.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-96947-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima.

    Oláh, László / Tanaka, Hiroyuki K M / Hamar, Gergő / Varga, Dezső

    Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

    2018  Volume 377, Issue 2137

    Abstract: A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the ... ...

    Abstract A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the parameters of a modified Gaisser model and found that the spectral index of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208381-4
    ISSN 1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
    ISSN (online) 1471-2962
    ISSN 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
    DOI 10.1098/rsta.2018.0135
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: PAM: passive marker-based analyzer to test patients with neural diseases.

    Jobbagy, A / Hamar, G

    Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

    2005  Volume 2004, Page(s) 4751–4754

    Abstract: Neurologists observed specific changes in the movement coordination of their patients - compared to healthy control subjects - a long time ago. In the early, preclinical phase the subtle changes cannot be detected by visual inspection. Similarly, ... ...

    Abstract Neurologists observed specific changes in the movement coordination of their patients - compared to healthy control subjects - a long time ago. In the early, preclinical phase the subtle changes cannot be detected by visual inspection. Similarly, variations in the performance of a patient resulting from minor changes in the stage of the disease remain undetected for the human observer. Evaluation of well-defined movement patterns aids the diagnosis even early diagnosis and assessment of the actual state of patients with neural diseases. Passive marker-based motion analysis is especially suitable for testing human movements. The markers are lightweight (1...10 grams), and no wires are needed between the markers and the analyzer. The markers and the analysis cause absolutely no discomfort to the persons. The performance of commercially available motion analyzers by far exceeds the requirements needed to record and evaluate the movement patterns of patients with neural diseases. As a consequence, these devices are too expensive for this purpose. A simple device has been developed that is affordable for routine clinical use. In harmony with the practice of neurologists, parameters have been defined that characterize both the speed and the regularity of movements. These parameters help in staging patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2091094-0
    ISSN 1558-4615 ; 1557-170X ; 1094-687X
    ISSN (online) 1558-4615
    ISSN 1557-170X ; 1094-687X
    DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404315
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Long-term impact of a chronic disease management program on hospital utilization and cost in an Australian population with heart disease or diabetes.

    Hamar, G Brent / Rula, Elizabeth Y / Coberley, Carter / Pope, James E / Larkin, Shaun

    BMC health services research

    2015  Volume 15, Page(s) 174

    Abstract: Background: To evaluate the longitudinal value of a chronic disease management program, My Health Guardian (MHG), in reducing hospital utilization and costs over 4 years.: Methods: The MHG program provides individualized support via telephonic nurse ... ...

    Abstract Background: To evaluate the longitudinal value of a chronic disease management program, My Health Guardian (MHG), in reducing hospital utilization and costs over 4 years.
    Methods: The MHG program provides individualized support via telephonic nurse outreach and online tools for self-management, behavior change and well-being. In follow up to an initial 18-month analysis of MHG, the current study evaluated program impact over 4 years. A matched-cohort analysis retrospectively compared MHG participants with heart disease or diabetes (treatment, N = 4,948) to non-participants (comparison, N = 28,520) on utilization rates (hospital admission, readmission, total bed days) and hospital claims cost savings. Outcomes were evaluated using regression analyses, controlling for remaining demographic, disease, and pre-program admissions or cost differences between the study groups.
    Results: Over the 4 year period, program participation resulted in significant reductions in hospital admissions (-11.4%, P < 0.0001), readmissions (-36.7%, P < 0.0001), and bed days (-17.2%, P < 0.0001). The effect size increased over time for admissions and bed days. The relative odds of any admission and readmission over the 4 years were 27% and 45% lower, respectively, in the treatment group. Cumulative program savings from reduced hospital claims was $3,549 over 4-years; savings values for each program year were significant and increased with time (P = 0.003 to P < 0.0001). Savings calculations did not adjust for pooled costs (and savings) in Australia's risk equalization system for private insurers.
    Conclusions: Results confirm and extend prior program outcomes and support the longitudinal value of the MHG program in reducing hospital utilization and costs for individuals with heart disease or diabetes and demonstrate the increasing program effect with continued participation over time.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Australia ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus/economics ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Disease Management ; Female ; Health Promotion/economics ; Heart Diseases/economics ; Heart Diseases/therapy ; Hospitalization/economics ; Hospitalization/trends ; Humans ; Long-Term Care/economics ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Program Evaluation ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Self Care/economics ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-015-0834-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Effect of post-hospital discharge telephonic intervention on hospital readmissions in a privately insured population in Australia.

    Hamar, G Brent / Coberley, Carter / Pope, James E / Cottrill, Andrew / Verrall, Scott / Larkin, Shaun / Rula, Elizabeth Y

    Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association

    2016  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 241–247

    Abstract: Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of telephone support after hospital discharge to reduce early hospital readmission among members of the disease management program My Health Guardian (MHG) offered by the Hospitals ... ...

    Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of telephone support after hospital discharge to reduce early hospital readmission among members of the disease management program My Health Guardian (MHG) offered by the Hospitals Contribution Fund of Australia (HCF). Methods A quasi-experimental retrospective design compared 28-day readmissions of patients with chronic disease between two groups: (1) a treatment group, consisting of MHG program members who participated in a hospital discharge (HODI) call; and (2) a comparison group of non-participating MHG members. Study groups were matched for age, gender, length of stay, index admission diagnoses and prior MHG program exposure. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) and odds ratios (OR) were estimated using zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regression models respectively. Results The treatment group exhibited a 29% lower incidence of 28-day readmissions than the comparison group (adjusted IRR 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.86). The odds of treatment group members being readmitted at least once within 28 days of discharge were 25% lower than the odds for comparison members (adjusted OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.63-0.89). Reduction in readmission incidence was estimated to avoid A$713730 in cost. Conclusions The HODI program post-discharge telephonic support to patients recently discharged from a hospital effectively reduced the incidence and odds of hospital 28-day readmission in a diseased population. What is known about the topic? High readmission rates are a recognised problem in Australia and contribute to the over 600000 potentially preventable hospitalisations per year. What does this paper add? The present study is the first study of a scalable intervention delivered to an Australian population with a wide variety of conditions for the purpose of reducing readmissions. The intervention reduced 28-day readmission incidence by 29%. What are the implications for practitioners? The significant and sizable effect of the intervention support the delivery of telephonic support after hospital discharge as a scalable approach to reduce readmissions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Australia ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Disease Management ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Education as Topic/methods ; Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data ; Private Sector ; Program Evaluation ; Retrospective Studies ; Self Care/methods ; Telephone ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639155-2
    ISSN 0156-5788 ; 0159-5709
    ISSN 0156-5788 ; 0159-5709
    DOI 10.1071/AH16059
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A preliminary study on viral decontamination of chicken serum using gamma-irradiation.

    Hamar, Gergely / Misák, Ferenc / Palya, Vilmos / de Foucauld, Jean

    Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization

    2010  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 358–361

    Abstract: A preliminary experiment was carried out to determine whether a decontamination procedure using gamma irradiation, similar to that adopted in the European guideline for bovine serum contaminated by pestivirus, could be applied to chicken serum. Chicken ... ...

    Abstract A preliminary experiment was carried out to determine whether a decontamination procedure using gamma irradiation, similar to that adopted in the European guideline for bovine serum contaminated by pestivirus, could be applied to chicken serum. Chicken sera spiked with known amounts of enveloped and non-enveloped chicken viruses were gamma irradiated. The remaining live viruses were then measured by titration and the virus reduction capacity of the irradiation process was established for both enveloped and non-enveloped virus models. In parallel with the irradiation procedure, a classical in vivo extraneous agent test was also evaluated in order to see if it has the capacity to detect low enough levels of live viruses to be used for testing irradiated serum. The results suggest that the principles of the bovine serum decontamination procedure may be applied to chicken serum. Further studies are required to determine if this process would provide an acceptable solution for the viral 'decontamination' of chicken serum.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Chickens/virology ; Decontamination/methods ; Gamma Rays ; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification ; Newcastle disease virus/radiation effects ; Orthoreovirus, Avian/isolation & purification ; Orthoreovirus, Avian/radiation effects ; Poultry Diseases/blood ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; RNA Virus Infections/blood ; RNA Virus Infections/virology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1017370-5
    ISSN 1095-8320 ; 1045-1056
    ISSN (online) 1095-8320
    ISSN 1045-1056
    DOI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.02.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Behaviour of cows at the feeding trough and when entering the milking parlour

    Gere, T / Hamar, G

    Acta agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 2003 Apr. 1, v. 51, no. 1

    2003  

    Abstract: Observations were made during 2 × 3 days on the behaviour of 29 Holstein-Friesian cows when entering the milking parlour and at the feeding trough. The cows were identified by an electric apparatus on their necks, and by transmitters at the feeding ... ...

    Abstract Observations were made during 2 × 3 days on the behaviour of 29 Holstein-Friesian cows when entering the milking parlour and at the feeding trough. The cows were identified by an electric apparatus on their necks, and by transmitters at the feeding trough in the milking parlour. Milking was done using Alfa-Laval milking apparatus with 2 × 4 milking stalls and an automatic cup-removing gadget. Rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the entrance order and the most important production characteristics. There was no correlation between the entrance order to the milking parlour and the dominance order at the feeding trough. The younger cows were dominant when entering the milking parlour, and the older, heavier cows at the feeding trough.
    Keywords Holstein ; correlation ; cows ; milking ; milking parlors
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2003-0401
    Size p. 77-82.
    Publishing place Akadémiai Kiadó
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0238-0161
    DOI 10.1556%2FAAgr.51.2003.1.10
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of a chronic disease management program on hospital admissions and readmissions in an Australian population with heart disease or diabetes.

    Hamar, G Brent / Rula, Elizabeth Y / Wells, Aaron / Coberley, Carter / Pope, James E / Larkin, Shaun

    Population health management

    2012  Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–131

    Abstract: Chronic disease management programs (CDMPs) were introduced in Australia to reduce unnecessary health care utilization by the growing population with chronic conditions; however, evidence of effectiveness is needed. This study evaluated the impact of a ... ...

    Abstract Chronic disease management programs (CDMPs) were introduced in Australia to reduce unnecessary health care utilization by the growing population with chronic conditions; however, evidence of effectiveness is needed. This study evaluated the impact of a comprehensive CDMP, My Health Guardian (MHG), on rate of hospital admissions, readmissions, and average length of hospital stay (ALOS) for insured individuals with heart disease or diabetes. Primary outcomes were assessed through retrospective comparison of members in MHG (treatment; n=5053) to similar nonparticipating members (comparison; n=23,077) using a difference-in-differences approach with the year before program commencement serving as baseline and the subsequent 12 or 18 months serving as the program periods. All outcomes were evaluated for the total study population and for disease-matched subgroups (heart disease and diabetes). Statistical tests were performed using multivariate regression controlling for age, sex, number of chronic diseases, and past hospitalization status. After both 12 and 18 months, treatment members displayed decreases in admissions (both, P≤0.001) and readmissions (both, P≤0.01), and ALOS after 18 months (P≤0.01) versus the comparison group; magnitude of impact increased over time for these 3 measures. All outcomes for both disease-matched subgroups directionally mirrored the total study group, but the diabetes subgroup did not achieve significance for readmissions or ALOS. Within the treatment group, admissions decreased with increasing care calls to members (12 and 18 months, P<0.0001). These results show that MHG successfully reduced the frequency and duration of hospital admissions and presents a promising approach to reduce the burden associated with hospitalizations in populations with chronic disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Australia/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Disease Management ; Female ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology ; Heart Diseases/therapy ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2454546-6
    ISSN 1942-7905 ; 1942-7891
    ISSN (online) 1942-7905
    ISSN 1942-7891
    DOI 10.1089/pop.2012.0027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Practice changes in glycemic management and outcomes in coronary artery bypass surgery patients.

    Pennell, Lori / Smith-Snyder, Cecilia M / Hudson, Laurel R / Hamar, G Brent / Westerfield, Joanne

    The Journal of cardiovascular nursing

    2004  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 26–34

    Abstract: This study aims to evaluate whether a quality improvement initiative in hyperglycemia management could result in substantiated practice changes and improved outcomes for coronary artery bypass surgery patients. Retrospective chart review and analysis of ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to evaluate whether a quality improvement initiative in hyperglycemia management could result in substantiated practice changes and improved outcomes for coronary artery bypass surgery patients. Retrospective chart review and analysis of 103 randomly selected patients hospitalized for coronary artery bypass surgery was used. After the glycemia awareness initiative, the perioperative use of intravenous insulin infusion therapy increased in the total population (P = .01) as well as in the diabetes population (P = .03). Frequency of blood glucose level tests ordered for nondiabetic patients increased from 2.8 per day to 4.3 per day (P = .38). Blood glucose values improved in the diabetic population (Ps = .02, .048). The average length of stay improved in all nondiabetic patients (10.7-8.1 days, P = .07) including those who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiac catheterization (7.8-6.2 days, P = .09) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery with catheterization with complications (15.0-9.0 days, P = .12). The glycemia awareness initiative resulted in a positive impact on practice patterns. Undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are important and unrecognized issues within this hospital population. It is recommended that healthcare practitioners assume that cardiac patients have an increased likelihood of impaired fasting glucose and hyperglycemia. Advanced practice nurses can improve patient outcomes by ordering glucose testing and glycemic management as a routine practice for all cardiac surgery patients, regardless of diabetes diagnosis. Cardiac staff nurses can recommend glucose testing and screening for prediabetes and diabetes as a routine part of all nursing assessment.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/standards ; Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/etiology ; Hyperglycemia/metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurse Practitioners/organization & administration ; Nurse's Role ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Organizational Innovation ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Perioperative Care/nursing ; Perioperative Care/organization & administration ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/organization & administration ; Retrospective Studies ; Total Quality Management/organization & administration
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639335-4
    ISSN 0889-4655
    ISSN 0889-4655
    DOI 10.1097/00005082-200501000-00007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Fatal incidents involving pickup trucks in Alabama.

    Hamar, G B / King, W / Bolton, A / Fine, P R

    Southern medical journal

    1991  Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 349–354

    Abstract: Death or injury resulting from crashes involving light trucks (ie, pickup trucks) is a significant problem. Data show that fatal crashes and occupant fatalities involving light trucks have steadily increased since 1983. This project describes vehicle ... ...

    Abstract Death or injury resulting from crashes involving light trucks (ie, pickup trucks) is a significant problem. Data show that fatal crashes and occupant fatalities involving light trucks have steadily increased since 1983. This project describes vehicle crashes involving passengers riding in the beds of pickup trucks. Actual crashes were identified through the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The 40 incidents studied involved 204 pickup truck passengers. Of these, 45 were killed, 107 sustained visible injuries or were carried from the scene, 6 had bruises and abrasions, and 2 had no visible injury but were briefly unconscious or had a documented complaint of pain. The risk of death among pickup truck passengers who were fully ejected from the vehicle was nearly six times that of passengers not fully ejected. Correspondingly, the risk of ejection from the truck was 26.7 times greater among occupants riding in the bed than occupants riding in the cab.
    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic/mortality ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alabama/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1991-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185329-6
    ISSN 1541-8243 ; 0038-4348
    ISSN (online) 1541-8243
    ISSN 0038-4348
    DOI 10.1097/00007611-199103000-00011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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