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  1. Article: The Trauma of Medical Training in Two Webcomics: A Call for Multimodal Citation.

    Hamdy, Sherine

    Medical anthropology quarterly

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 225–247

    Abstract: Medical anthropologists have long wrestled with the problematic mind/body opposition that plagues both biomedicine and Euro-American epistemologies. However, medical anthropology as a field has been surprisingly reticent to engage with visual media forms ...

    Abstract Medical anthropologists have long wrestled with the problematic mind/body opposition that plagues both biomedicine and Euro-American epistemologies. However, medical anthropology as a field has been surprisingly reticent to engage with visual media forms and creative expression, whether film, comics, or animation, even as these media have been shown to augment the bodily and emotional impact on the viewers as compared to solely text-based media. This essay is an attempt to rethink how medical anthropologists can engage more with visual media, taking as an example two comic memoirs created by physicians about their medical training: "Healing Alone" (2019) and "Dailies of a Junior Doc" (2021). These webcomics effectively convey strong emotional and bodily experiences tied to medical education, and are powerful examples of how comics can be leveraged to reexamine assumptions about who can be doctors, how medical training molds them, and what sustains their practice. [medical training, webcomics, visual media, Cartesianism].
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anthropology, Medical ; Education, Medical ; Emotions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038242-2
    ISSN 1548-1387 ; 0745-5194
    ISSN (online) 1548-1387
    ISSN 0745-5194
    DOI 10.1111/maq.12746
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The neurorehabilitation of post-stroke dysphagia: Physiology and pathophysiology.

    Sasegbon, Ayodele / Cheng, Ivy / Hamdy, Shaheen

    The Journal of physiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Swallowing is a complex process involving the precise contractions of numerous muscles of the head and neck, which act to process and shepherd ingested material from the oral cavity to its eventual destination, the stomach. Over the past five decades, ... ...

    Abstract Swallowing is a complex process involving the precise contractions of numerous muscles of the head and neck, which act to process and shepherd ingested material from the oral cavity to its eventual destination, the stomach. Over the past five decades, information from animal and human studies has laid bare the complex network of neurones in the brainstem, cortex and cerebellum that are responsible for orchestrating each normal swallow. Amidst this complexity, problems can and often do occur that result in dysphagia, defined as impaired or disordered swallowing. Dysphagia is common, arising from multiple varied disease processes that can affect any of the neuromuscular structures involved in swallowing. Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) remains the most prevalent and most commonly studied form of dysphagia and, as such, provides an important disease model to assess dysphagia physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we explore the complex neuroanatomical processes that occur during normal swallowing and PSD. This includes how strokes cause dysphagia, the mechanisms through which natural neuroplastic recovery occurs, current treatments for patients with persistent dysphagia and emerging neuromodulatory treatments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/JP285564
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Nationalism, Authoritarianism, and Medical Mobilization in Post-revolutionary Egypt.

    Bayoumi, Soha / Hamdy, Sherine

    Culture, medicine and psychiatry

    2022  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–61

    Abstract: In this article, we investigate the links between medical practice and expertise, on the one hand, and nationalist discourses, on the other, in the 2011 Egyptian uprising and the years that followed, which witnessed a consolidation of authoritarianism. ... ...

    Abstract In this article, we investigate the links between medical practice and expertise, on the one hand, and nationalist discourses, on the other, in the 2011 Egyptian uprising and the years that followed, which witnessed a consolidation of authoritarianism. We ask how it is that doctors, whose social capital in part rests on their being seen as "apolitical," played a significant role in countering consecutive regimes' acts of violence and denial. We trace the trajectory of the doctors' mobilization in the 2011 uprising and beyond and demonstrate how the doctors drew on their professional expertise and nationalist sentiment in their struggles against a hypernationalistic military state. Borrowing the ideas of immanence and transcendence from religious studies and philosophy, we argue that the doctors put forth an immanent vision of the nation as a force that is manifested in the lives of its citizens, in contrast with the State's transcendent vision of nationalism, in which the nation resides outside of and beyond citizens' lives. Relying on interviews and media analysis, we show how medicine has served as a site of awakening, conversion narratives, and building of bridges in a polarized society where the doctors were able to rely on their "neutral" expertise to present themselves as reliable witnesses, narrators, and actors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Authoritarianism ; Egypt ; Philosophy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752957-0
    ISSN 1573-076X ; 0165-005X
    ISSN (online) 1573-076X
    ISSN 0165-005X
    DOI 10.1007/s11013-022-09802-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Reversal of the effects of focal suppression on pharyngeal corticobulbar tracts by chemesthesis coupled with repeated swallowing.

    Michou, Emilia / Hamdy, Shaheen

    Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) e14286

    Abstract: Background: Previous reports suggested the potential benefit of chemesthesis in the form of carbonated water (CW) integrated within dysphagia rehabilitation protocols. Here, we examined the effects of CW within a repeated swallowing protocol following ... ...

    Abstract Background: Previous reports suggested the potential benefit of chemesthesis in the form of carbonated water (CW) integrated within dysphagia rehabilitation protocols. Here, we examined the effects of CW within a repeated swallowing protocol following focal suppression to pharyngeal cortical representation as a prelude to its application in dysphagic patients.
    Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers participated in a 3-arm study. Each participant underwent baseline corticobulbar pharyngeal and thenar motor-evoked potential (MEP) measurements with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Subjects were then conditioned with 1Hz repetitive (r)TMS to induce focal unilateral suppression of the corticopharyngeal hotspot before randomization to each of three arms with 40 swallows of CW, non-CW and saliva swallowing on separate days. Corticobulbar and thenar MEPs were collected for up to 1 h and analyzed using repeated measures (rm)ANOVA.
    Results: A 2-way rmANOVA for Intervention x Time showed a significant effect of Intervention (F
    Conclusions: We conclude that interventional paradigms with CW have the capacity to reverse the effects of a focal suppression with 1Hz rTMS more strongly than non-CW or saliva swallowing alone, producing site specific bi-hemispheric changes in corticopharyngeal excitability. Our data suggest that carbonation produces the effects through a mainly cortical mechanism.
    MeSH term(s) Carbonated Water ; Deglutition/physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Humans ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
    Chemical Substances Carbonated Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1186328-6
    ISSN 1365-2982 ; 1350-1925
    ISSN (online) 1365-2982
    ISSN 1350-1925
    DOI 10.1111/nmo.14286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Role of the Cerebellum in Swallowing.

    Sasegbon, Ayodele / Hamdy, Shaheen

    Dysphagia

    2021  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 497–509

    Abstract: Swallowing is a complex activity requiring a sophisticated system of neurological control from neurones within the brainstem, cerebral cortices and cerebellum. The cerebellum is a critical part of the brain responsible for the modulation of movements. It ...

    Abstract Swallowing is a complex activity requiring a sophisticated system of neurological control from neurones within the brainstem, cerebral cortices and cerebellum. The cerebellum is a critical part of the brain responsible for the modulation of movements. It receives input from motor cortical and sensory areas and fine tunes these inputs to produce coordinated motor outputs. With respect to swallowing, numerous functional imaging studies have demonstrated increased activity in the cerebellum during the task of swallowing and damage to the cerebellum following differing pathological processes is associated with dysphagia. Single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been applied to the cerebellum and have been shown to evoke motor responses in the pharynx. Moreover, repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the cerebellum can modulate cerebral motor (pharyngeal) cortical activity. Neurostimulation has allowed a better understanding of the connections that exist between the cerebellum and cerebral swallowing motor areas in health and provides a potential treatment for neurogenic dysphagia in illness. In this review we will examine what is currently known about the role of the cerebellum in the control of swallowing, explore new findings from neurostimulatory and imaging studies and provide an overview of the future clinical applications of cerebellar stimulation for treating dysphagia.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deglutition/physiology ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632764-3
    ISSN 1432-0460 ; 0179-051X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0460
    ISSN 0179-051X
    DOI 10.1007/s00455-021-10271-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Metaplasticity in the human swallowing system: clinical implications for dysphagia rehabilitation.

    Cheng, Ivy / Hamdy, Shaheen

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 199–209

    Abstract: Dysphagia is a common and devastating complication following brain damage. Over the last 2 decades, dysphagia treatments have shifted from compensatory to rehabilitative strategies that facilitate neuroplasticity, which is the reorganization of neural ... ...

    Abstract Dysphagia is a common and devastating complication following brain damage. Over the last 2 decades, dysphagia treatments have shifted from compensatory to rehabilitative strategies that facilitate neuroplasticity, which is the reorganization of neural networks that is essential for functional recovery. Moreover, there is growing interest in the application of cortical and peripheral neurostimulation to promote such neuroplasticity. Despite some preliminary positive findings, the variability in responsiveness toward these treatments remains substantial. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings on the effects of neurostimulation in promoting neuroplasticity for dysphagia rehabilitation and highlight the need to develop more effective treatment strategies. We then discuss the role of metaplasticity, a homeostatic mechanism of the brain to regulate plasticity changes, in helping to drive neurorehabilitation. Finally, a hypothesis on how metaplasticity could be applied in dysphagia rehabilitation to enhance treatment outcomes is proposed.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Recovery of Function
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-16
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-021-05654-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Current perspectives on the benefits, risks, and limitations of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for post-stroke dysphagia.

    Cheng, Ivy / Hamdy, Shaheen

    Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) 1135–1146

    Abstract: Introduction: Studies have shown that noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can promote neuroplasticity, which is considered important for ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Studies have shown that noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can promote neuroplasticity, which is considered important for functional recovery of swallowing after stroke. Despite extensive studies on NIBS, there remains a gap between research and clinical practice.
    Areas covered: In this article, we update the current knowledge on the benefits and challenges of rTMS and tDCS for post-stroke dysphagia. We identify some key limitations of these techniques that hinder the translation from clinical trials to routine practice. Finally, we discuss the future of NIBS as a treatment for post-stroke dysphagia in real-world settings.
    Expert opinion: Current evidence suggests that rTMS and tDCS show promise as a treatment for post-stroke dysphagia. However, these techniques are limited by the response variability, uncertainty on the safety in patients with comorbidities and difficulties in clinical study designs. Such limitations call for further work to enhance their utility through individualized approaches. Despite this, the last decade has seen a growing acceptance toward these techniques among clinical personnel. As such, we advocate caution but support optimism that NIBS will gradually be recognized as a mainstream treatment approach for post-stroke dysphagia in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy ; Humans ; Stroke/complications ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2112534-X
    ISSN 1744-8360 ; 1473-7175
    ISSN (online) 1744-8360
    ISSN 1473-7175
    DOI 10.1080/14737175.2021.1974841
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  8. Article ; Online: All Eyes on Egypt: Islam and the Medical Use of Dead Bodies Amidst Cairo's Political Unrest.

    Hamdy, Sherine

    Medical anthropology

    2016  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 220–235

    Abstract: Using dead bodies for medical purposes has long been considered taboo in Egypt. Public health campaigns, physicians' pleas, and the urgings of religious scholars all failed to alter public opinion regarding the donation of dead bodies either for ... ...

    Abstract Using dead bodies for medical purposes has long been considered taboo in Egypt. Public health campaigns, physicians' pleas, and the urgings of religious scholars all failed to alter public opinion regarding the donation of dead bodies either for instructional material or for therapeutic treatments. Yet in 2011, amid revolutionary turmoil in Egypt, a campaign was launched for people to donate their eyes upon death; this time, people readily signed up to be donors. Focusing on mass eye trauma that occurred in Egypt amid the political uprisings of 2011, I raise questions about when and why Islam can explain people's attitudes and behaviors, particularly toward death and medicine. The case of mass eye trauma in Egypt and citizens' reformulations of questions once jealously controlled by state-aligned doctors, politicians, and religious scholars unsettles the boundaries between 'religion' and 'secularism' in medical practice. [Formula: see text].
    MeSH term(s) Anthropology, Medical ; Cadaver ; Corneal Transplantation ; Egypt/ethnology ; Eye Injuries ; Human Body ; Humans ; Islam ; Politics ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Violence/ethnology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603228-x
    ISSN 1545-5882 ; 0145-9740
    ISSN (online) 1545-5882
    ISSN 0145-9740
    DOI 10.1080/01459740.2015.1040879
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  9. Article ; Online: The anatomy and physiology of normal and abnormal swallowing in oropharyngeal dysphagia.

    Sasegbon, A / Hamdy, S

    Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society

    2017  Volume 29, Issue 11

    Abstract: Background: Eating and drinking are enjoyable activities that positively impact on an individual's quality of life. The ability to swallow food and fluid is integral to the process of eating. Swallowing occupies a dual role being both part of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Eating and drinking are enjoyable activities that positively impact on an individual's quality of life. The ability to swallow food and fluid is integral to the process of eating. Swallowing occupies a dual role being both part of the enjoyment of eating and being a critically important utilitarian activity to enable adequate nutrition and hydration. Any impairment to the process of swallowing can negatively affect a person's perception of their quality of life. The process of swallowing is highly complex and involves muscles in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. The oropharynx is the anatomical region encompassing the oral cavity and the pharynx. Food must be masticated, formed into a bolus and transported to the pharynx by the tongue whereas fluids are usually held within the mouth before being transported ab-orally. The bolus must then be transported through the pharynx to the esophagus without any matter entering the larynx. The muscles needed for all these steps are coordinated by swallowing centers within the brainstem which are supplied with sensory information by afferent nerve fibers from several cranial nerves. The swallowing centers also receive modulatory input from higher centers within the brain. Hence, a swallow has both voluntary and involuntary physiologic components and the term dysphagia is given to difficult swallowing while oropharyngeal dysphagia is difficult swallowing due to pathology within the oropharynx.
    Purpose: Problems affecting any point along the complex swallowing pathway can result in dysphagia. This review focuses on the anatomy and physiology behind normal and abnormal oropharyngeal swallowing. It also details the common diseases and pathology causing oropharyngeal dysphagia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1186328-6
    ISSN 1365-2982 ; 1350-1925
    ISSN (online) 1365-2982
    ISSN 1350-1925
    DOI 10.1111/nmo.13100
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  10. Article: Advances in the Treatment of Dysphagia in Neurological Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Considerations.

    Cheng, Ivy / Hamad, Adeel / Sasegbon, Ayodele / Hamdy, Shaheen

    Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment

    2022  Volume 18, Page(s) 2251–2263

    Abstract: Dysphagia, which refers to difficult and/or disordered swallowing, is a common problem associated with various neurological diseases such as stroke, motor neuron diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, dysphagia treatments are either ... ...

    Abstract Dysphagia, which refers to difficult and/or disordered swallowing, is a common problem associated with various neurological diseases such as stroke, motor neuron diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, dysphagia treatments are either compensatory, which includes modifications of bolus texture or feeding posture, or rehabilitative, which includes behavioral exercises and sensory stimulation. Despite being widely adopted in clinical practice, recent views have challenged the clinical efficacy of these treatments due to the low level of evidence supported by mainly non-controlled studies. As such, with advancements in technology and scientific research methods, recent times have seen a surge in the development of novel dysphagia treatments and an increasing number of robust randomized controlled clinical trials. In this review, we will review the clinical evidence of several newly introduced treatments for dysphagia in the last two decades, including rehabilitative exercises, biofeedback, pharmacological treatments, neuromodulation treatments and soft robotics. Despite the recent improvements in the quality of evidence for the efficacy of dysphagia treatments, several critical issues, including heterogeneity in treatment regimens, long-term treatment effects, underlying mechanisms of some neuromodulation treatments, and the effects of these techniques in non-stroke dysphagia, remain to be addressed in future clinical trials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2186503-6
    ISSN 1178-2021 ; 1176-6328
    ISSN (online) 1178-2021
    ISSN 1176-6328
    DOI 10.2147/NDT.S371624
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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