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Article ; Online: Intellectual property in entomology: Analysis and perspective on recent trends in global patent publications.

Hamm, Ronda L / Gregg, Anne / Sparks, Thomas C

2020 Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 1603–1611

Abstract: Intellectual property (IP) is an important consideration for entomological research and provides a means to capture value from new discoveries. Herein, we describe an analysis of more than 26 000 patent publications from 2007-2017 related to the field of ...

Abstract	Intellectual property (IP) is an important consideration for entomological research and provides a means to capture value from new discoveries. Herein, we describe an analysis of more than 26 000 patent publications from 2007-2017 related to the field of entomology. These patents were divided among 8000 patent assignees; however, only 5% of the assignees had ≥10 patents. Corporations accounted for the largest share of patents (59%), with individuals (20%), academic institutions (17%) and government organizations (4%) making up the remaining segments. From 2007-2017 the number of entomological patents increased by 400%, with the largest number being from China. However, unlike patents from Europe, Japan or the US, which target a range of countries, the Chinese patents almost exclusively focus on China. Among the array of subjects covered are transgenic insects and plants, repellents, recombinant insect cells, with the highest proportion of patents focused on insecticides (39%), followed by insecticide mixtures (27%) and formulations (21%). The top 30 patent assignees included companies/institutions from China (18), Europe (3), Japan (6) and the US (3). Among the top 12 entities, IP from the US assignees was distributed across insecticides, mixtures and insecticidal traits while those from China were more focused on mixtures. However, given expanding IP numbers from China it is expected that in the future there will be a greater impact on new insecticides and related technologies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Europe ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; Japan ; Publications
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.5780
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Article ; Online: Public Engagement with Biotechnology Inside and Outside the Classroom: Community-Focused Approaches.

Jimenez, Jorge / Gamble-George, Joyonna / Danies, Giovanna / Hamm, Ronda L / Porras, Ana Maria

GEN biotechnology

2022 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 346–354

Abstract: Biotechnology offers vast benefits to the environment, animals, and human health, and contributes to improving socioeconomic conditions for the public. However, biotechnology innovations continue to trigger public concern and opposition over their ... ...

Abstract	Biotechnology offers vast benefits to the environment, animals, and human health, and contributes to improving socioeconomic conditions for the public. However, biotechnology innovations continue to trigger public concern and opposition over their potential social, health, and ecological risks. There is an opportunity to increase knowledge and acceptance of biotechnology through engagement, education, and community participation. In this perspective, we highlight crucial factors that shape the public perception of biotechnology and present opportunities for scientists to effectively communicate their ideas while engaging with local and global communities. Initiatives that seek to involve communities in design, development, and adoption processes are crucial for the successful implementation of biotechnology-based solutions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2768-1556
ISSN (online)	2768-1556
DOI	10.1089/genbio.2022.0024
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Article: An Industry Response to Challenges in STEM and Agricultural Literacy

Hamm, Ronda L / Evans Steve L / Marston Jenna

Industrial biotechnology. 2017 Feb. 01, v. 13, no. 1

2017

Abstract: Access to food is a basic necessity for all humanity, and the United Nations estimates there will be 9.7 billion people on the planet by 2050. This provides a unique challenge for the agricultural industry to address the growing food demand while global ... ...

Abstract	Access to food is a basic necessity for all humanity, and the United Nations estimates there will be 9.7 billion people on the planet by 2050. This provides a unique challenge for the agricultural industry to address the growing food demand while global competitive forces struggle to balance the use of limited resources such as land and water. The United States Department of Agriculture projects 57,900 average job openings annually in the next 5 years for graduates in food, agriculture, renewable resources or the environment. As an industry, agricultural companies play a supporting role in providing the education necessary to create scientifically literate and informed communities regarding food and production agriculture. In an effort to do this, Dow AgroSciences created the Science Ambassadors program. The mission of this program is to empower employees to inspire their communities by promoting scientific literacy.
Keywords	agricultural education ; agricultural industry ; biotechnology ; business enterprises ; employment opportunities ; human resources ; literacy ; renewable resources ; United Nations ; USDA
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0201
Size	p. 35-37.
Publishing place	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1931-8421
DOI	10.1089%2Find.2016.0019
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Article ; Online: The evolving puzzle of autosomal versus Y-linked male determination in Musca domestica.

Hamm, Ronda L / Meisel, Richard P / Scott, Jeffrey G

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2014 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 371–384

Abstract: Sex determination is one of the most rapidly evolving developmental pathways, but the factors responsible for this fast evolution are not well resolved. The house fly, Musca domestica, is an ideal model for studying sex determination because house fly ... ...

Abstract	Sex determination is one of the most rapidly evolving developmental pathways, but the factors responsible for this fast evolution are not well resolved. The house fly, Musca domestica, is an ideal model for studying sex determination because house fly sex determination is polygenic and varies considerably between populations. Male house flies possess a male-determining locus, the M factor, which can be located on the Y or X chromosome or any of the five autosomes. There can be a single M or multiple M factors present in an individual male, in heterozygous or homozygous condition. Males with multiple copies of M skew the sex ratio toward the production of males. Potentially in response to these male-biased sex ratios, an allele of the gene transformer, Md-tra(D), promotes female development in the presence of one or multiple M factors. There have been many studies to determine the linkage and frequency of these male determining factors and the frequency of Md-tra(D) chromosomes in populations from around the world. This review provides a summary of the information available to date regarding the patterns of distribution of autosomal, X-linked and Y-linked M factors, the relative frequencies of the linkage of M, the changes in frequencies found in field populations, and the fitness of males with autosomal M factors vs. Y-linked M. We evaluate this natural variation in the house fly sex determination pathway in light of models of the evolution of sex determination.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromosomes, Insect/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Houseflies/genetics ; Houseflies/physiology ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Y Chromosome/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1534/g3.114.014795
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Article ; Online: Changes in the frequency of YM versus IIIM in the housefly, Musca domestica L., under field and laboratory conditions.

Hamm, Ronda L / Scott, Jeffrey G

Genetics research

2008 Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 493–498

Abstract: In the housefly, Musca domestica L., sex is usually determined by a dominant factor, M, located on the Y chromosome. However, there are 'autosomal male' (AM) populations in which the M factor is located on one or more of the five autosomes (I-V) or on X. ...

Abstract	In the housefly, Musca domestica L., sex is usually determined by a dominant factor, M, located on the Y chromosome. However, there are 'autosomal male' (AM) populations in which the M factor is located on one or more of the five autosomes (I-V) or on X. We examined changes in the frequency of AM and YM males in North Carolina populations of houseflies after 4 years in the laboratory (NC Lab 02:06) and after 4 or 5 years in the field (NC 2006 and NC 2007). In 2002, 77.7% of the male houseflies were III/III;XYM, 20% were IIIM/III;XX, and 2.3% were IIIM/III;XYM. After 4 years in the laboratory, IIIM/III males disappeared and 17.4% of the males were XMYM. Conversely, 4 years later, the field population was relatively unchanged from 2002. Thus, there was a strong selection against IIIM/III males in the laboratory, but not in the field. Field-collected flies from 2007 indicated a slight increase in the frequency of XYM males and a slight decrease in the frequency of IIIM/III males (relative to 2002 and 2006), suggesting that the relative frequency of XYM and IIIM/III can vary slightly over time in field populations. The detection of XMYM males in 2007 offered the opportunity to evaluate the frequency of the female-determining FD factor, which was found to be present in both the laboratory and field populations, but frequencies varied greatly. The present study represents the first report of FD in houseflies from North America. The significance of these results, relative to observed clines in AM versus YM males, is discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Houseflies/genetics ; Laboratories ; Male ; North Carolina ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2412681-0
ISSN	1469-5073 ; 0016-6723
ISSN (online)	1469-5073
ISSN	0016-6723
DOI	10.1017/S0016672308009853
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Article: Consumption of a durable termite bait matrix by subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and resulting insecticidal activity

Hamm, Ronda L / DeMark, Joseph J / Chin‐Heady, Eva / Tolley, Mike P

Pest management science. 2013 Apr., v. 69, no. 4

2013

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel durable termite bait was developed to enable continuous bait availability and lengthen the monitoring interval to 1 year. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the palatability and insecticidal activity of this bait to ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: A novel durable termite bait was developed to enable continuous bait availability and lengthen the monitoring interval to 1 year. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the palatability and insecticidal activity of this bait to Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. virginicus (Banks), R. hesperus Banks, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Heterotermes aureus (Synder). RESULTS: Consumption of the blank durable bait matrix was significantly higher than consumption of a blank preferred textured cellulose matrix (PTC) by R. virginicus, R. flavipes and C. formosanus. R. flavipes, R. hesperus and H. aureus consumed significantly more durable bait than PTC when both contained the active ingredient noviflumuron. All bait treatments resulted in significant mortality relative to the untreated controls. Survivorship of R. virginicus, C. formosanus and H. aureus was 2% or less and not significantly different between the durable bait and PTC treatments containing noviflumuron. The durable bait matrix lagged behind the PTC matrix in mortality over time for all species tested except H. aureus. CONCLUSION: The durable bait was highly palatable and effective in inducing mortality to R. flavipes, R. virginicus, R. hesperus, C. formosanus and H. aureus in the laboratory. This unique bait matrix will be available to termites continuously and allows for an annual monitoring interval. The durability of this bait matrix is unprecedented, allowing for bait to remain active for years and thus providing continuous structural protection.
Keywords	Coptotermes formosanus ; Heterotermes ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; active ingredients ; cellulose ; durability ; insecticidal properties ; palatability ; subterranean termites ; survival rate
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-04
Size	p. 507-511.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.3401
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Consumption of a durable termite bait matrix by subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and resulting insecticidal activity.

Hamm, Ronda L / DeMark, Joseph J / Chin-Heady, Eva / Tolley, Mike P

Pest management science

2013 Volume 69, Issue 4, Page(s) 507–511

Abstract: Background: A novel durable termite bait was developed to enable continuous bait availability and lengthen the monitoring interval to 1 year. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the palatability and insecticidal activity of this bait to ... ...

Abstract	Background: A novel durable termite bait was developed to enable continuous bait availability and lengthen the monitoring interval to 1 year. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the palatability and insecticidal activity of this bait to Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. virginicus (Banks), R. hesperus Banks, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Heterotermes aureus (Synder). Results: Consumption of the blank durable bait matrix was significantly higher than consumption of a blank preferred textured cellulose matrix (PTC) by R. virginicus, R. flavipes and C. formosanus. R. flavipes, R. hesperus and H. aureus consumed significantly more durable bait than PTC when both contained the active ingredient noviflumuron. All bait treatments resulted in significant mortality relative to the untreated controls. Survivorship of R. virginicus, C. formosanus and H. aureus was 2% or less and not significantly different between the durable bait and PTC treatments containing noviflumuron. The durable bait matrix lagged behind the PTC matrix in mortality over time for all species tested except H. aureus. Conclusion: The durable bait was highly palatable and effective in inducing mortality to R. flavipes, R. virginicus, R. hesperus, C. formosanus and H. aureus in the laboratory. This unique bait matrix will be available to termites continuously and allows for an annual monitoring interval. The durability of this bait matrix is unprecedented, allowing for bait to remain active for years and thus providing continuous structural protection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Benzamides/administration & dosage ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/administration & dosage ; Insect Control/methods ; Isoptera ; Toxicity Tests
Chemical Substances	Benzamides ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; noviflumuron (E99C7TUW20)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.3401
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Article: A quantitative analysis of a modified feeding method for rearing Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in the laboratory

Chin‐Heady, Eva / DeMark, Joseph J / Nolting, Steve / Bennett, Gary / Saltzmann, Kurt / Hamm, Ronda L

Pest management science. 2013 Oct., v. 69, no. 10

2013

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A modified artificial feeding system was developed for rearing Cimex lectularius and compared with the most widely used artificial feeding method which requires custom‐made glassware and a circulating water bath to warm the blood. The petri ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: A modified artificial feeding system was developed for rearing Cimex lectularius and compared with the most widely used artificial feeding method which requires custom‐made glassware and a circulating water bath to warm the blood. The petri dish method reduces some of the drawbacks from the current water bath method, such as the possibility of flooding bed bug rearing jars with water or blood and the need for expensive custom‐made glassware. RESULTS: Field and lab strain first instar nymphs were given a 15 or 30 min interval to feed for 6–9 weeks. Analysis of bed bugs that fed during a 6 week time period showed that there was no significant difference in the numbers that fed using the petri dish method compared with those that fed using the water bath method. Development of the nymphs also showed that there was no significant difference in the time required to produce adults by either method. CONCLUSION: The petri dish method is an attractive alternative to the water bath method. Set‐up is less complex, quicker, multiple jars of bed bugs can be fed at the same time, petri dishes of blood are disposable for easy clean‐up and the potential of fatality due to flooding with blood or water is reduced. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Keywords	Cimex lectularius ; Hemiptera ; adults ; blood ; jars ; nutritional support ; nymphs ; quantitative analysis ; rearing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-10
Size	p. 1115-1120.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.3482
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Article: Selective Advantage for IIIM Males over YM Males in Cage Competition, Mating Competition, and Pupal Emergence in Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Hamm, Ronda L / Gao, Jian-Rong / Lin, George Guan-Hua / Scott, Jeffrey G

Environmental entomology. 2009 Apr., v. 38, issue 2

2009

Abstract: In the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), sex is usually determined by a dominant factor, M, located on the Y chromosome. However, there are autosomal male (AM) populations in which the M factor is located on one or more of the five ... ...

Abstract	In the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), sex is usually determined by a dominant factor, M, located on the Y chromosome. However, there are autosomal male (AM) populations in which the M factor is located on one or more of the five autosomes (I-V), most commonly on the third chromosome. Herein we report the use of isogenic strains to determine the relative fitness of YM versus IIIM males in three different experiments. First, cages were started with 50% YM and 50% IIIM males, and the frequencies of YM and IIIM males were evaluated across generations. Second, mating competition studies were preformed with these isogenic strains. Third, the relative emergence rates of IIIM versus YM male pupae held at three temperatures for 3 d were examined. All three studies indicate that IIIM males have a greater fitness than YM males. In the cage competition studies, >90% of the males were IIIM after seven generations. IIIM males were more likely to mate than YM males, and a higher percent of IIIM males emerged after being held as pupae at 4, 16, or 28°C for 3 d. The implications of these studies to the distribution of IIIM and YM males in field populations are discussed.
Keywords	Musca domestica ; males ; intraspecific competition ; cages ; mating competitiveness ; mating behavior ; pupae ; eclosion ; temperature ; strain differences ; sex determination
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-04
Size	p. 499-504.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0046-225X
DOI	10.1603/022.038.0225
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A cline in frequency of autosomal males is not associated with insecticide resistance in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).

Hamm, Ronda L / Shono, Toshio / Scott, Jeffrey G

Journal of economic entomology

2004 Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 171–176

Abstract: Geographic variation in the chromosomal location of the male sex determining factor (M) was studied in four house fly, Musca domestica L., populations from the eastern United States. We found a strong clinal trend (29 degrees 41' latitude in Florida to ... ...

Abstract	Geographic variation in the chromosomal location of the male sex determining factor (M) was studied in four house fly, Musca domestica L., populations from the eastern United States. We found a strong clinal trend (29 degrees 41' latitude in Florida to 44 degrees 2' in Maine) in which the percentage of standard XY(M) males increased with increasing latitude. In Florida, 100% of the males possessed the M factor on the third autosome (III(M)). North Carolina had 20% III(M) males and 2.35% with both Y(M) and III(M). Fewer III(M) males were found in New York (4.35%). Populations from Maine contained 100% XY(M) males. In two of three standard laboratory-susceptible strains, all males carried M on an autosome ("autosomal males" or A(M)): CS (III(M)) and SRS (V(M)). Insecticide bioassays of four field-collected strains led us to conclude that resistance is not correlated with sex determination over a broad range of insecticides. For example, high levels of resistance to permethrin (86-99% survival at a diagnostic concentration) were found in all four field-collected strains. The five other insecticides evaluated showed varying levels of resistance among field strains. We conclude that a cline is present in house fly populations from the eastern United States with 100% III(M) males in the south and entirely Y(M) males in the north and that insecticide resistance is not a key factor influencing the evolution or linkage of M.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Houseflies/genetics ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Male ; Population Density ; United States ; Y Chromosome/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	0022-0493
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/98.1.171
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