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  1. Article ; Online: Anchor threads can double the insect flight energy absorbed by spider orb webs.

    Han, Sarah I / Alicea-Serrano, Angela M / Blackledge, Todd A

    The Journal of experimental biology

    2023  Volume 226, Issue 2

    Abstract: To successfully capture flying insect prey, a spider's orb web must withstand the energy of impact without the silk breaking. In this study, we examined the anchor threads: the silk lines that anchor the main capture area of the web to the surrounding ... ...

    Abstract To successfully capture flying insect prey, a spider's orb web must withstand the energy of impact without the silk breaking. In this study, we examined the anchor threads: the silk lines that anchor the main capture area of the web to the surrounding environment. These anchor threads can account for a large portion of the web, yet are usually excluded from experiments and simulations. We compared projectile capture and kinetic energy absorption between webs with and without access to anchor threads. Webs with anchor threads captured significantly more projectiles and absorbed significantly more energy than those with constrained anchors. This is likely because the anchor threads increase web compliance, resulting in webs with the ability to catch high-energy flying insects without breaking. Anchor threads are one example of how different types of web architecture expand the range of possible prey capture strategies by enabling the web to withstand greater impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Spiders ; Predatory Behavior ; Silk ; Kinetics
    Chemical Substances Silk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 218085-6
    ISSN 1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
    ISSN (online) 1477-9145
    ISSN 0022-0949
    DOI 10.1242/jeb.245123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Permanent deformation of triangle weaver silk enables ultrafast tangle-free release of spider webs.

    Han, Sarah I / Htut, K Zin / Blackledge, Todd A

    Die Naturwissenschaften

    2021  Volume 108, Issue 6, Page(s) 60

    Abstract: Entanglements are common in both natural and artificial systems and can result in both beneficial and harmful effects. Most spider webs are static structures held under constant tension and do not tangle. However, many spiders actively load tension into ... ...

    Abstract Entanglements are common in both natural and artificial systems and can result in both beneficial and harmful effects. Most spider webs are static structures held under constant tension and do not tangle. However, many spiders actively load tension into their webs by coiling silk threads that are released to "fire" webs at prey. Here we test whether or not tangling occurs during the rapid release of webs built by the triangle spider Hyptiotes cavatus. We use high-speed videography to examine the release of the spider's web, looking for signs of tangling both visually on the videos and on acceleration graphs. The spider tenses the web by pulling on a silken anchor line using a leg-over-leg movement, deforming the silk into permanent coils and storing excess slack in a loose bundle between the spider's legs. This 1-3cm long bundle of coils straightens during the web's release in as few as 4ms. Though the messy silk coils are pressed closely together, the web's release is never impeded by catastrophic tangling. This lack of serious tangling is perhaps due to the permanent coils preventing random movement of the silk. The coils also compact the loose silk, preventing interference with the spider's movement. The ability to coil its anchor line allows H. cavatus to permanently restructure its silk, facilitating its active web-hunting behavior. Our findings broaden our knowledge of silk manipulation by spiders and may give insights into creating tangle-free systems through structural changes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Predatory Behavior ; Silk ; Spiders
    Chemical Substances Silk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123257-5
    ISSN 1432-1904 ; 0028-1042
    ISSN (online) 1432-1904
    ISSN 0028-1042
    DOI 10.1007/s00114-021-01769-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Emerging Technology: Preparing Tomorrow's MCH Workforce to Innovate for Equity.

    McKool, Marissa / Han, Sarah / Sandhu, Jaspal / Marshall, Cassondra / Guendelman, Sylvia / Harley, Kim

    Maternal and child health journal

    2022  Volume 26, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 210–215

    Abstract: Purpose: This commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today's rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.: Description: We outline the creation of an MCH technology and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today's rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.
    Description: We outline the creation of an MCH technology and innovation training pipeline developed by harnessing creative funding opportunities, diversifying training modalities, and expanding partnerships beyond traditional academic-practice partners, that be replicated and adapted by other academic programs.
    Assessment: Technology and innovation will continue to be a growing intersection between health and equity, and we must create a robust pipeline of MCH leaders prepared to collaborate with entrepreneurial and innovation leaders.
    Conclusion: Technology offers an important opportunity to improve MCH outcomes and reduce disparities, but only if we train the MCH workforce to seize these opportunities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Workforce
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339905-6
    ISSN 1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
    ISSN (online) 1573-6628
    ISSN 1092-7875
    DOI 10.1007/s10995-021-03371-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Permanent deformation of triangle weaver silk enables ultrafast tangle-free release of spider webs

    Han, Sarah I / Htut, K Zin / Blackledge, Todd A

    Naturwissenschaften. 2021 Dec., v. 108, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: Entanglements are common in both natural and artificial systems and can result in both beneficial and harmful effects. Most spider webs are static structures held under constant tension and do not tangle. However, many spiders actively load tension into ... ...

    Abstract Entanglements are common in both natural and artificial systems and can result in both beneficial and harmful effects. Most spider webs are static structures held under constant tension and do not tangle. However, many spiders actively load tension into their webs by coiling silk threads that are released to “fire” webs at prey. Here we test whether or not tangling occurs during the rapid release of webs built by the triangle spider Hyptiotes cavatus. We use high-speed videography to examine the release of the spider’s web, looking for signs of tangling both visually on the videos and on acceleration graphs. The spider tenses the web by pulling on a silken anchor line using a leg-over-leg movement, deforming the silk into permanent coils and storing excess slack in a loose bundle between the spider’s legs. This 1–3cm long bundle of coils straightens during the web’s release in as few as 4ms. Though the messy silk coils are pressed closely together, the web’s release is never impeded by catastrophic tangling. This lack of serious tangling is perhaps due to the permanent coils preventing random movement of the silk. The coils also compact the loose silk, preventing interference with the spider’s movement. The ability to coil its anchor line allows H. cavatus to permanently restructure its silk, facilitating its active web-hunting behavior. Our findings broaden our knowledge of silk manipulation by spiders and may give insights into creating tangle-free systems through structural changes.
    Keywords deformation ; silk ; spiders
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 60.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 123257-5
    ISSN 1432-1904 ; 0028-1042
    ISSN (online) 1432-1904
    ISSN 0028-1042
    DOI 10.1007/s00114-021-01769-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Young people's romantic relationships and sexual activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Yarger, Jennifer / Gutmann-Gonzalez, Abigail / Han, Sarah / Borgen, Natasha / Decker, Martha J

    BMC public health

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1780

    Abstract: Background: Social distancing measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may profoundly impact young people's relationships. This study compared adolescent and young adults' romantic relationships and sexual activity before and after social distancing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Social distancing measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may profoundly impact young people's relationships. This study compared adolescent and young adults' romantic relationships and sexual activity before and after social distancing policies were enacted.
    Methods: In June 2020, 351 youth participating in an ongoing intervention study in Fresno County, California completed an online survey about their experiences related to COVID-19. The survey included open and closed-ended questions about their romantic relationships, sexual activity, and online romantic or sexual interactions before and during social distancing restrictions. We used the chi-square test of independence to compare adolescent (ages 13-17) and young adults' (ages 18-21) responses. Results were also compared to responses in the intervention study's baseline survey.
    Results: One-third (37%) of youth were dating or in a romantic relationship and 28% spent time in person with a partner early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those dating or in a relationship, 34% physically distanced from their partner due to parental restrictions related to COVID-19. Youth also spent less time in person with their partners during the pandemic than before. Although most youth (69%) were not sexually active before or during the pandemic, 22% had sex during the social distancing period. Young adults were more likely to spend time with their partners and have sex during the restrictions than adolescents. Most youth were not involved in sexting or online dating, before or during the pandemic.
    Conclusions: Adolescents and young adults have continued to engage in sexual and romantic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic, although many reported physical distancing from their partners. Results suggest that youth continue to need access to sexual health education and services during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-021-11818-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Impact of a Nursing-Led Intervention Bundle With a Bedside Checklist to Reduce Mortality During the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Future Emergencies.

    Pugh, Suzanne / Chan, Florinda / Han, Sarah / Lindo, Rosalie / Krzewski, Dina Giatis / D'Orazi, Mary Ann / Narayanajaya, Derrik / Gao, Ziqi / Norful, Allison A

    The Journal of nursing administration

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 292–298

    Abstract: Objective: The study objective was to examine the effectiveness of a bedside checklist enforcing nursing-led interventions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients early in the pandemic.: Background: The absence of treatment guidelines for COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The study objective was to examine the effectiveness of a bedside checklist enforcing nursing-led interventions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients early in the pandemic.
    Background: The absence of treatment guidelines for COVID-19 presented challenges to reducing mortality rates early in the pandemic. A bedside checklist and a bundle of nursing-led interventions named "Nursing Back to Basics (NB2B)" were assembled for patient care after a scoping review of evidence.
    Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of the evidence-based interventions randomly implemented based on patient bed assignment. Electronic data (patient demographics, bed assignment and ICU transfers, length of stay, and patient discharge disposition) were extracted and calculated using descriptive statistics, t tests, and linear regression.
    Results: Patients receiving the NB2B intervention enforced with a bedside checklist had significantly lower mortality rates (12.3%) compared with those receiving standard nursing care (26.9%).
    Conclusions: Bedside checklists enforcing evidence-based nursing-led interventions may be beneficial as a 1st-line public health emergency response.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Checklist ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergencies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193141-6
    ISSN 1539-0721 ; 1539-073X ; 0002-0443
    ISSN (online) 1539-0721 ; 1539-073X
    ISSN 0002-0443
    DOI 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001285
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Slingshot spiders build tensed, underdamped webs for ultrafast launches and speedy halts.

    Challita, Elio J / Alexander, Symone L M / Han, Sarah I / Blackledge, Todd A / Coddington, Jonathan A / Jung, Sunghwan / Bhamla, M Saad

    Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology

    2021  Volume 207, Issue 2, Page(s) 205–217

    Abstract: We develop a mathematical model to capture the web dynamics of slingshot spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae), which utilize a tension line to deform their orb webs into conical springs to hunt flying insects. Slingshot spiders are characterized by their ...

    Abstract We develop a mathematical model to capture the web dynamics of slingshot spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae), which utilize a tension line to deform their orb webs into conical springs to hunt flying insects. Slingshot spiders are characterized by their ultrafast launch speeds and accelerations (exceeding 1300 [Formula: see text]), however a theoretical approach to characterize the underlying spatiotemporal web dynamics remains missing. To address this knowledge gap, we develop a 2D-coupled damped oscillator model of the web. Our model reveals three key insights into the dynamics of slingshot motion. First, the tension line plays a dual role: enabling the spider to load elastic energy into the web for a quick launch (in milliseconds) to displacements of 10-15 body lengths, but also enabling the spider to halt quickly, attenuating inertial oscillations. Second, the dominant energy dissipation mechanism is viscous drag by the silk lines - acting as a low Reynolds number parachute. Third, the web exhibits underdamped oscillatory dynamics through a finely-tuned balance between the radial line forces, the tension line force and viscous drag dissipation. Together, our work suggests that the conical geometry and tension-line enables the slingshot web to act as both an elastic spring and a shock absorber, for the multi-functional roles of risky predation and self-preservation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Silk/physiology ; Spiders/physiology ; Time Factors ; Video Recording/methods ; Walking Speed/physiology
    Chemical Substances Silk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 120907-3
    ISSN 1432-1351 ; 0302-9824 ; 0373-0859 ; 0340-7594
    ISSN (online) 1432-1351
    ISSN 0302-9824 ; 0373-0859 ; 0340-7594
    DOI 10.1007/s00359-021-01475-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Depletion of skeletal muscle satellite cells attenuates pathology in muscular dystrophy.

    Boyer, Justin G / Huo, Jiuzhou / Han, Sarah / Havens, Julian R / Prasad, Vikram / Lin, Brian L / Kass, David A / Song, Taejeong / Sadayappan, Sakthivel / Khairallah, Ramzi J / Ward, Christopher W / Molkentin, Jeffery D

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2940

    Abstract: Skeletal muscle can repair and regenerate due to resident stem cells known as satellite cells. The muscular dystrophies are progressive muscle wasting diseases underscored by chronic muscle damage that is continually repaired by satellite cell-driven ... ...

    Abstract Skeletal muscle can repair and regenerate due to resident stem cells known as satellite cells. The muscular dystrophies are progressive muscle wasting diseases underscored by chronic muscle damage that is continually repaired by satellite cell-driven regeneration. Here we generate a genetic strategy to mediate satellite cell ablation in dystrophic mouse models to investigate how satellite cells impact disease trajectory. Unexpectedly, we observe that depletion of satellite cells reduces dystrophic disease features, with improved histopathology, enhanced sarcolemmal stability and augmented muscle performance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that satellite cells initiate expression of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD, which then induces re-expression of fetal genes in the myofibers that destabilize the sarcolemma. Indeed, MyoD re-expression in wildtype adult skeletal muscle reduces membrane stability and promotes histopathology, while MyoD inhibition in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy improved membrane stability. Taken together these observations suggest that satellite cell activation and the fetal gene program is maladaptive in chronic dystrophic skeletal muscle.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Muscle Development ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism ; Stem Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-30619-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The Woodhull Study Revisited: Nurses' Representation in Health News Media 20 Years Later.

    Mason, Diana J / Nixon, Laura / Glickstein, Barbara / Han, Sarah / Westphaln, Kristi / Carter, Laura

    Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing

    2018  Volume 50, Issue 6, Page(s) 695–704

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine if nurses are represented in health news stories more frequently today than 20 years ago when Sigma Theta Tau International Nursing Honorary Society published The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media, which found that nurses ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine if nurses are represented in health news stories more frequently today than 20 years ago when Sigma Theta Tau International Nursing Honorary Society published The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media, which found that nurses were cited as sources in only 4% of the stories.
    Design: Content analysis of health news stories for the month of September 2017 in the same publications used in the original Woodhull study.
    Methods: Searches with Nexis and Webhose identified 2,243 articles related to health care published by the news outlets in September 2017. A random sample of 537 of these articles was obtained: 258 from seven newspapers, 127 from three weekly newsmagazines, and 152 from three health industry publications. After removing irrelevant articles or those with only passing references to health, 365 articles were reviewed and coded, using the original study's coding schema.
    Findings: Nurses were identified as the source of only 2% of quotes in the articles and were never sourced in stories on health policy. When quoted, nurses mainly commented on the profession itself. Nurses or the nursing profession were mentioned in 13% of the articles. Nurses were identified in 4% of photographs or other images that accompanied the articles.
    Conclusions: Nurses remain invisible in health news media, despite their increasing levels of education, unique roles, and expertise.
    Clinical relevance: Nurses' clinical expertise is accompanied by unique perspectives on health, illness, and health care; but the public is not benefiting from the wisdom and insight that nurses can provide in health news stories.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mass Media/statistics & numerical data ; Mass Media/trends ; Nurses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2008214-9
    ISSN 1547-5069 ; 1527-6546
    ISSN (online) 1547-5069
    ISSN 1527-6546
    DOI 10.1111/jnu.12429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Clinical nutrition in primary care: An evaluation of resident physicians' attitudes and self-perceived proficiency.

    Han, Sarah L / Auer, Reto / Cornuz, Jacques / Marques-Vidal, Pedro

    Clinical nutrition ESPEN

    2016  Volume 15, Page(s) 69–74

    Abstract: Background & aims: There is little information regarding the impact of clinical nutrition training among medical residents. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes, self-perceived proficiency and knowledge of Swiss residents regarding clinical nutrition.: ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: There is little information regarding the impact of clinical nutrition training among medical residents. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes, self-perceived proficiency and knowledge of Swiss residents regarding clinical nutrition.
    Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between June and September 2014 in two medical education facilities located in Lausanne, Switzerland. Attitudes, self-perceived proficiency and knowledge regarding clinical nutrition were assessed by questionnaire.
    Results: Of the 88 internal medicine residents queried, 44 (50% response rate, 25 women, mean age 34 ± 4 years) answered the questionnaire. Three quarters of the residents were trained in Switzerland and one third reported receiving some training in clinical nutrition. Seven out of ten (70.5%) residents agreed that all doctors should know how to provide nutrition-based assessment, no matter what their specialty. Conversely, only one out of ten (11.4%) felt that physicians were adequately trained. No differences were found between genders or country of training regarding the answers provided.
    Conclusion: Residents in Lausanne perceive clinical nutrition in primary care as a priority but lack the confidence and training to effectively use clinical nutrition in their daily practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2405-4577
    ISSN (online) 2405-4577
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.06.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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