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  1. Article ; Online: Synthesis of Azoxy Compounds: from Copper Compounds to Mesoporous Silica-Encaged Ultrasmall Copper Catalysts.

    Han, Zhi-Peng / Wang, Shiqi / Sun, Qiming / Xu, Xiao-Ping / Ji, Shun-Jun

    ChemSusChem

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 17, Page(s) e202300477

    Abstract: Azoxy compounds have aroused extensive attention due to their unique biological activities, but the chemical synthesis of these compounds often suffers from limitations due to their requirement for stoichiometric oxidants, high costs, and restricted ... ...

    Abstract Azoxy compounds have aroused extensive attention due to their unique biological activities, but the chemical synthesis of these compounds often suffers from limitations due to their requirement for stoichiometric oxidants, high costs, and restricted substrate range. Herein, a series of azoxy compounds were constructed via facile coupling reactions by using cost-effective N-methoxyformamide and nitroso compounds over Cu-based catalysts, affording high product yields with excellent tolerance of functional groups. Significantly, the mesoporous silica nanosphere-encapsulated ultrasmall Cu (Cu@MSN) catalyst was developed via a one-pot synthetic method and first used for the synthesis of azoxy compounds. As compared with copper salt catalysts, the Cu@MSN catalyst exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic activity and superior recycling stability. Such a Cu@MSN catalyst overcame the inherent drawbacks of low activity, fast deactivation, and difficult recycling of traditional metal salt catalysts in organic reactions. This work provides a green and efficient method for the construction of azoxy compounds and also creates new prospects for the application of nanoporous materials confined metal catalysts in organic synthesis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1864-564X
    ISSN (online) 1864-564X
    DOI 10.1002/cssc.202300477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: IL-1β secreted by macrophage M2 promotes metastasis of osteosarcoma via NF-κB/miR-181α-5p/RASSF1A/Wnt pathway.

    Han, Zhi-Peng / Liu, Dong-Biao / Wu, Liu-Qing / Li, Qin / Wang, Zheng-Guang / Zang, Xiao-Fang

    Translational cancer research

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 2721–2733

    Abstract: Background: Ras-associated domain family protein1 isoform A (RASSF1A) was significantly absent in clinical samples and many osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines. Overexpression of RASSF1A could suppress OS metastasis, which may be mediated by tumor-associated ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ras-associated domain family protein1 isoform A (RASSF1A) was significantly absent in clinical samples and many osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines. Overexpression of RASSF1A could suppress OS metastasis, which may be mediated by tumor-associated macrophages polarized M2 (M2-TAMs). However, the relationship between IL-1β secreted by M2-TAMs and RASSF1A remains unknown.
    Methods: The expression levels of M2-TAMs markers CD68 and CD204 were measured by flow cytometry, and arginase-1 (Arg-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secreted by M2-TAMs were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). MTT assay was employed to determine the proliferation of OS cells, while scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate their migration and invasion, respectively. The level of miR-181α-5p was measured by RT-qPCR, while the levels of RASSF1A, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated by Western blot. The direct binding of miR-181α-5p and RASSF1A was identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay.
    Results: The levels of CD68, CD204, Arg-1 and IL-1β were elevated in M2-TAMs compared with control group. Overexpression of RASSF1A and knockdown of miR-181α-5p could both suppress invasion and migration of OS cells through Wnt pathway. IL-1β secreted by M2-TAMs facilitated the OS metastasis via RASSF1A/Wnt pathway, which could be targeted by miR-181α-5p and affected by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).
    Conclusions: IL-1β secreted by M2-TAMs contributed to OS metastasis, which could be suppressed by knockdown of miR-181α-5p or overexpression of RASSF1A through NF-κB/miR-181α-5p/RASSF1A/Wnt pathway. These findings can guide new target discovery for drug development in OS treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-15
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2901601-0
    ISSN 2219-6803 ; 2218-676X
    ISSN (online) 2219-6803
    ISSN 2218-676X
    DOI 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.52
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C(sp²)–H functionalization/cyclization cascade of N-carboxamide indole and iodonium reagents for access to indoloquinazolinone derivatives

    Han, Zhi-Peng / Xu, Meng-Meng / Zhang, Rui-Ying / Xu, Xiao-Ping / Ji, Shun-Jun

    Green chemistry. 2021 Aug. 31, v. 23, no. 17

    2021  

    Abstract: A rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of indoloquinazolinone from a readily available hypervalent iodonium reagent and N-carboxamide indole was developed. The protocol features broad functional group tolerance, mild conditions, and excellent yields. The target ... ...

    Abstract A rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of indoloquinazolinone from a readily available hypervalent iodonium reagent and N-carboxamide indole was developed. The protocol features broad functional group tolerance, mild conditions, and excellent yields. The target products were obtained simply by filtration, without tedious column chromatography. Notably, the noble metal catalyst system can be recycled effectively at least ten times. The strategy may be amenable to industrial production.
    Keywords catalysts ; chromatography ; cyclization reactions ; filtration ; green chemistry ; indoles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0831
    Size p. 6337-6340.
    Publishing place The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2006274-6
    ISSN 1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
    ISSN (online) 1463-9270
    ISSN 1463-9262
    DOI 10.1039/d1gc01820e
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Babao Dan decreases hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via down-regulating toll-like receptor 4.

    Liang, Lei / Zhang, Lu-Yao / Liu, Wen-Ting / Zong, Chen / Gao, Lu / Li, Rong / Zhao, Qiu-Dong / Zhao, Na-Ping / Wei, Li-Xin / Zhang, Li / Han, Zhi-Peng

    Frontiers in oncology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1073859

    Abstract: Background: Babao Dan (BBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of BBD on the incidence of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Babao Dan (BBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of BBD on the incidence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocellular carcinoma formation in rats and explored its possible mechanism.
    Methods: To verify this hypothesis, BBD was administrated to rats at a dose of 0.5g/kg body weight per two days from the 9th to 12th week in HCC-induced by DEN. Liver injury biomarkers and hepatic inflammatory parameters were evaluated by histopathology as well as serum and hepatic content analysis. We applied immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of CK-19 and SOX-9 in liver tissues. The expression of TLR4 was determined by immunohistochemical, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we also detected the efficacy of BBD against primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by LPS.
    Results: We observed that DEN could induce hepatocarcinogenesis, and BBD could obviously decrease the incidence. The biochemical and histopathological examination results confirmed that BBD could protect against liver injury and decrease inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that BBD could effectively inhibit the ductal reaction and the expression of TLR4. The results showed that BBD-serumcould obviously inhibit primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by regulating the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
    Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that BBD has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of HCC, which may be related to its effect on hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via inhibiting the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649216-7
    ISSN 2234-943X
    ISSN 2234-943X
    DOI 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073859
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Immune response involved in liver damage and the activation of hepatic progenitor cells during liver tumorigenesis.

    Hou, Xiao-Juan / Ye, Fei / Li, Xiao-Yong / Liu, Wen-Ting / Jing, Ying-Ying / Han, Zhi-Peng / Wei, Li-Xin

    Cellular immunology

    2017  Volume 326, Page(s) 52–59

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammation-related cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are well-known leading causes of HCC. However, the mechanism of the induction of HCC by these virus is still being ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammation-related cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are well-known leading causes of HCC. However, the mechanism of the induction of HCC by these virus is still being debated. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of HBV- and HCV-induced inflammation and the role of such immune activation in the tumorigenesis of HCC. It is well established that the recruitment of certain number and type of immune cells to liver is essential for the resolution of HBV and HCV infection and the prevention of subsequent chronic persistent infection. However, in case that the immune response do not completely clear virus, persistent chronic infection occurs, and the perpetual immune response may contribute to chronic damages of the liver. Such chronic inflammatory damages further harm hepatocytes, but not hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Thus, following chronic damages, HPCs are activated and their dysregulated proliferation ensures survival in the hostile environment, contributing to the tumorigenesis of HCC. Furthermore, accumulating evidence also provides a strong link between HPCs and human hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, these findings support a notion that immune response is involved in liver damage during hepatitis virus infection, and the activation and dysregulated differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells promote the tumorigenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Hepacivirus/physiology ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology ; Hepatitis C/immunology ; Hepatitis C/virology ; Humans ; Liver/immunology ; Liver/pathology ; Liver/virology ; Liver Neoplasms/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms/virology ; Stem Cells/immunology ; Stem Cells/pathology ; Stem Cells/virology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80094-6
    ISSN 1090-2163 ; 0008-8749
    ISSN (online) 1090-2163
    ISSN 0008-8749
    DOI 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Babao Dan attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via Nrf2 activation and autophagy.

    Yu, Yang / Tian, Zhi-Qiang / Liang, Lei / Yang, Xue / Sheng, Dan-Dan / Zeng, Jian-Xing / Li, Xiao-Yong / Shi, Rong-Yu / Han, Zhi-Peng / Wei, Li-Xin

    Cell & bioscience

    2019  Volume 9, Page(s) 80

    Abstract: Background: Babao Dan (BBD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat multifarious liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe its protective effect on ethanol-induced liver injury and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Babao Dan (BBD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat multifarious liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe its protective effect on ethanol-induced liver injury and explore potential mechanisms.
    Methods: Mice pretreated with BBD (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg BW) were administrated by ethanol gavage (5 g/kg BW). Liver injury biomarkers and hepatic redox parameters were evaluated by histopathology as well as serum and hepatic content analysis. AML-12 cell was also utilized to determine the efficacy of BBD against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
    Results: Drunkenness experiment showed that the latency was significantly increased and the drunken sleep time was decreased in mice pretreated with BBD. We then found that BBD could reduce hepatic lipid peroxidation and steatosis induced by ethanol exposure. BBD could also suppress ethanol-induced depletion of hepatic antioxidant enzyme. Besides that, BBD treatment lessened the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1, a major contributor to ethanol-mediated oxidative stress, and up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its two transcriptional targets hemeoxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Furthermore, autophagy induced by BBD contributed to hepatoprotection activity.
    Conclusions: Our results suggest that BBD can markedly dispel acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity through multiple pathways including attenuation of ethanol-mediated oxidative stress, enhancement of the oxidative defense systems and activation of autophagy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-019-0343-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Lipopolysaccharide induces the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells into myofibroblasts constitutes the hepatocarcinogenesis-associated microenvironment.

    Liu, Wen-Ting / Jing, Ying-Ying / Gao, Lu / Li, Rong / Yang, Xue / Pan, Xiao-Rong / Yang, Yang / Meng, Yan / Hou, Xiao-Juan / Zhao, Qiu-Dong / Han, Zhi-Peng / Wei, Li-Xin

    Cell death and differentiation

    2019  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–101

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally occurs in the presence of chronic liver injury, often as a sequela of liver fibrosis. Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are known to be capable of forming both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in chronic liver injury, ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally occurs in the presence of chronic liver injury, often as a sequela of liver fibrosis. Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are known to be capable of forming both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in chronic liver injury, which are also considered a source of myofibroblasts and tumor-initiating cells, under carcinogenic circumstances. However, the underlying mechanisms that activate HPCs to give rise to HCC are still unclear. In current study, the correlation between HPCs activation and liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis was investigated in rats and human specimens. We analyzed the role of HPCs in tumorigenesis, by transplanting exogenous HPCs in a diethylnitrosamine-induced rat HCC model. Our data indicated that HPC activation correlated with hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. We further found that exogenous HPC infusion promoted liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, while lipopolysaccharides (LPS) played an important role in this process. However, results of our study indicated that LPS did not induce HPCs to form tumor in nude mice directly. Rather, LPS induced myofibroblast-like morphology in HPCs, which enhanced the tumorigenic potential of HPCs. Further experiments showed that LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling mediated the differentiation of HPCs into myofibroblasts and enhanced the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which led to the aberrant expression of Ras and p53 signaling pathways in HPCs, and finally, promoted the proliferation and malignant transformation of HPCs, by long non-coding RNA regulation. Besides, examination of HCC clinical samples demonstrated that IL-6 and TNF-α production correlated with HPC activation, hepatic fibrosis, and HCC recurrence. Our study indicates that both myofibroblasts and tumor cells are derived from HPCs. HPC-derived myofibroblasts create tumor microenvironment and contribute to the proliferation and malignant transformation of HPCs. Furthermore, LPS present in the chronic liver inflammation microenvironment might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, by regulating the plastic potential of HPCs.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Male ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Myofibroblasts/cytology ; Myofibroblasts/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/drug effects ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Lipopolysaccharides ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Toll-Like Receptor 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225672-9
    ISSN 1476-5403 ; 1350-9047
    ISSN (online) 1476-5403
    ISSN 1350-9047
    DOI 10.1038/s41418-019-0340-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Glycochenodeoxycholate promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and migration by AMPK/mTOR dependent autophagy activation.

    Gao, Lu / Lv, Gang / Li, Rong / Liu, Wen-Ting / Zong, Chen / Ye, Fei / Li, Xiao-Yong / Yang, Xue / Jiang, Jing-Hua / Hou, Xiao-Juan / Jing, Ying-Ying / Han, Zhi-Peng / Wei, Li-Xin

    Cancer letters

    2019  Volume 454, Page(s) 215–223

    Abstract: Metastasis and recurrence severely impact the treatment effect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC complicated with cholestasis is more prone to recurrence and metastasis. Previous studies have implicated pathogenesis of HCC by bile acid; however, the ...

    Abstract Metastasis and recurrence severely impact the treatment effect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC complicated with cholestasis is more prone to recurrence and metastasis. Previous studies have implicated pathogenesis of HCC by bile acid; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown yet. Glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) is one of most important component of bile acid (BA). In the present study, the role of GCDC in HCC cells invasion was detected by in vitro and in vivo assays. GCDC was found to significantly enhance the invasive potential of HCC cells; Further studies showed that GCDC could induce autophagy activation and higher invasive capability in HCC cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) reversed this phenomenon. Subsequently, the correlation between TBA expression level and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed in HCC patients. Clinically, high TBA level in HCC tissue was found to be associated with more invasive and poor survival in HCC patients. Mechanistic study showed that bile acid induced autophagy by targeting the AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. Therefore, our results suggest that bile acid may promote HCC invasion via activation of autophagy and the level of bile acid may serve as a potential useful indicator for prognosis of HCC patients.
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Animals ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Autophagy/physiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Female ; Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid/metabolism ; Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid (640-79-9) ; MTOR protein, human (EC 2.7.1.1) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.1.1) ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-11
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 195674-7
    ISSN 1872-7980 ; 0304-3835
    ISSN (online) 1872-7980
    ISSN 0304-3835
    DOI 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Mesenchymal stem cells: a new trend for cell therapy.

    Wei, Xin / Yang, Xue / Han, Zhi-peng / Qu, Fang-fang / Shao, Li / Shi, Yu-fang

    Acta pharmacologica Sinica

    2013  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 747–754

    Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the major stem cells for cell therapy, have been used in the clinic for approximately 10 years. From animal models to clinical trials, MSCs have afforded promise in the treatment of numerous diseases, mainly tissue injury ... ...

    Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the major stem cells for cell therapy, have been used in the clinic for approximately 10 years. From animal models to clinical trials, MSCs have afforded promise in the treatment of numerous diseases, mainly tissue injury and immune disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent opinions on methods, timing and cell sources for MSC administration in clinical applications, and provide an overview of mechanisms that are significant in MSC-mediated therapies. Although MSCs for cell therapy have been shown to be safe and effective, there are still challenges that need to be tackled before their wide application in the clinic.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/physiopathology ; Immune System Diseases/therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1360774-1
    ISSN 1745-7254 ; 0253-9756 ; 1671-4083
    ISSN (online) 1745-7254
    ISSN 0253-9756 ; 1671-4083
    DOI 10.1038/aps.2013.50
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The role of autophagy induced by tumor microenvironment in different cells and stages of cancer.

    Yang, Xue / Yu, Dan-Dan / Yan, Fei / Jing, Ying-Ying / Han, Zhi-Peng / Sun, Kai / Liang, Lei / Hou, Jing / Wei, Li-Xin

    Cell & bioscience

    2015  Volume 5, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: Development of a tumor is a very complex process, and invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors are hallmarks and are difficult problems to overcome. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in controlling tumor fate and autophagy induced by ... ...

    Abstract Development of a tumor is a very complex process, and invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors are hallmarks and are difficult problems to overcome. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in controlling tumor fate and autophagy induced by the tumor microenvironment is attracting more and more attention. Autophagy can be induced by several stressors in the tumor microenvironment and autophagy modifies the tumor microenvironment, too. Autophagy has dual roles in tumor growth. In this review, we discussed the interaction between autophagy and the tumor microenvironment and the paradoxical roles of autophagy on tumor growth at different stages of tumor development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-015-0005-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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