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  1. Article ; Online: Progressing delineations of key biodiversity areas for seabirds, and their application to management of coastal seas

    Handley, Jonathan M. / Harte, Emma / Stanworth, Andrew / Poncet, Sally / Catry, Paulo / Cleminson, Sacha / Crofts, Sarah / Dias, Maria

    Diversity and Distributions. 2023 Jan., v. 29, no. 1 p.123-142

    2023  

    Abstract: AIM: Decision‐making products that support effective marine spatial planning are essential for guiding efforts that enable conservation of biodiversity facing increasing pressures. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are a product recently agreed upon by an ... ...

    Abstract AIM: Decision‐making products that support effective marine spatial planning are essential for guiding efforts that enable conservation of biodiversity facing increasing pressures. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are a product recently agreed upon by an international network of organizations for identifying globally important areas. Utilizing the KBA framework, and by developing a conservative protocol to identify sites, we identify globally importants places for breeding seabirds throughout the coastal seas of a national territory. We inform marine spatial planning by evaluating potential activities that may impact species and how a proposed network of Marine Management Areas (MMAs) overlap with important sites. LOCATION: Southwest Atlantic Ocean. METHODS: We collated a national inventory of all breeding locations for seabirds, including abundance records where available, and complementary estimates of at‐sea distribution. We delineated areas of importance in coastal seas following approaches tailored to the ecology of species and assessed areas against global KBA criteria. To determine opportunities for species conservation and management, we reviewed which human activities have been documented to impact the target species globally via IUCN Red List accounts, and also assessed the overlap of important sites with a proposed MMA network. RESULTS: We identified global KBAs for nine seabird species (Anatidae, Diomedeidae, Laridae, Procellariidae, Spheniscidae, Stercorariidae) throughout national coastal seas. Globally important areas where multiple species overlapped were only partially accounted for in key zones of the proposed MMA network. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Development of a conservative protocol to identify marine sites for assessment against KBA criteria, revealed opportunities for enhancing a network of proposed Marine Management Areas in coastal seas. The framework we apply in this study has broad relevance for other systems where the design or review of management plans for the marine environment is required.
    Keywords Anatidae ; Diomedeidae ; Laridae ; Procellariidae ; Spheniscidae ; Stercorariidae ; biodiversity ; decision making ; humans ; inventories ; marine environment ; protocols ; seabirds ; Atlantic Ocean
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 123-142.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020139-4
    ISSN 1472-4642 ; 1366-9516
    ISSN (online) 1472-4642
    ISSN 1366-9516
    DOI 10.1111/ddi.13651
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Seabird and reef conservation must include coral islands

    Berr, Tristan / Dias, Maria P. / Andréfouët, Serge / Davies, Tammy / Handley, Jonathan / Le Corre, Matthieu / Millon, Alexandre / Vidal, E.

    Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

    2023  

    Abstract: Tropical seabirds exert key roles in reef ecosystems but face growing threats from climate change, especially on coral reef islands (CRIs). Therefore, we advocate for a more comprehensive, global data exchange on CRIs and CRI-dependent seabirds and ... ...

    Abstract Tropical seabirds exert key roles in reef ecosystems but face growing threats from climate change, especially on coral reef islands (CRIs). Therefore, we advocate for a more comprehensive, global data exchange on CRIs and CRI-dependent seabirds and outline steps for improving their study and conservation.
    Keywords climate change ; coral reefs ; corals ; evolution ; seabirds ; seabird conservation ; coral reef crisis ; coral reef islands ; land-sea linkages
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2023.02.004
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  3. Article ; Online: Seabird and reef conservation must include coral islands.

    Berr, Tristan / Dias, Maria P / Andréfouët, Serge / Davies, Tammy / Handley, Jonathan / Le Corre, Matthieu / Millon, Alexandre / Vidal, Éric

    Trends in ecology & evolution

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 490–494

    Abstract: Tropical seabirds exert key roles in reef ecosystems but face growing threats from climate change, especially on coral reef islands (CRIs). Therefore, we advocate for a more comprehensive, global data exchange on CRIs and CRI-dependent seabirds and ... ...

    Abstract Tropical seabirds exert key roles in reef ecosystems but face growing threats from climate change, especially on coral reef islands (CRIs). Therefore, we advocate for a more comprehensive, global data exchange on CRIs and CRI-dependent seabirds and outline steps for improving their study and conservation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa ; Ecosystem ; Islands ; Coral Reefs ; Climate Change ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2023.02.004
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  4. Article: A novel combination of methods identifies priority conservation areas for an endemic California Current seabird

    Soldatini, Cecilia / Albores‐Barajas, Yuri V. / Rosas‐Hernandez, Martha P. / Handley, Jonathan / Beal, Martin / Dias, Maria P. / Dell'omo, Giacomo

    Aquatic conservation. 2022 Sept., v. 32, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: There are growing pressures on marine biodiversity. Seabirds in particular are one the most‐threatened groups. The black‐vented shearwater (Puffinus opisthomelas) is endemic to Mexican islands and the only shearwater living its entire life cycle in the ... ...

    Abstract There are growing pressures on marine biodiversity. Seabirds in particular are one the most‐threatened groups. The black‐vented shearwater (Puffinus opisthomelas) is endemic to Mexican islands and the only shearwater living its entire life cycle in the California Current System, one of the most productive large marine ecosystems in the world. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in this region, however, were designed without consideration of accurate data on seabird distributions. Here, 57 black‐vented shearwaters were GPS‐tracked from their main breeding colony (95% of the global population) over four seasons (2016–2019) to estimate their at‐sea distribution. Two methods were applied to identify priority conservation areas: the approach developed by BirdLife International to identify marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas and a method using expectation‐maximization binary clustering to identify core foraging areas. One potential marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Area close to the breeding colony and five core foraging areas were identified. These priority conservation areas were largely beyond the bounds of the current MPA network in the region. Our results detail opportunities for improving the implementation of conservation and management measures in the California Current System region with respect to seabirds. The approach of combining site identification methods can be applied to other seabird species for which high‐resolution tracking data are available and can help guide conservation action plans and MPA design.
    Keywords Puffinus ; biodiversity ; seabirds ; Pacific Ocean
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 1416-1427.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1146285-1
    ISSN 1052-7613
    ISSN 1052-7613
    DOI 10.1002/aqc.3855
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  5. Article: Behaviourally mediated predation avoidance in penguin prey:

    Handley, Jonathan M / Thiebault, Andréa / Stanworth, Andrew / Schutt, David / Pistorius, Pierre

    Royal Society open science

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 8, Page(s) 171449

    Abstract: Predator dietary studies often assume that diet is reflective of the diversity and relative abundance of their prey. This interpretation ignores species-specific behavioural adaptations in prey that could influence prey capture. Here, we develop and ... ...

    Abstract Predator dietary studies often assume that diet is reflective of the diversity and relative abundance of their prey. This interpretation ignores species-specific behavioural adaptations in prey that could influence prey capture. Here, we develop and describe a scalable biologging protocol, using animal-borne camera loggers, to elucidate the factors influencing prey capture by a seabird, the gentoo penguin (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.171449
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Jack of all prey, master of some: Influence of habitat on the feeding ecology of a diving marine predator

    Handley, JonathanM / Maëlle Connan / Alastair M. M. Baylis / Paul Brickle / Pierre Pistorius

    Marine biology. 2017 Apr., v. 164, no. 4

    2017  

    Abstract: Marine species occupy broad geographical ranges that encompass varied habitats. Accordingly, resource availability is likely to differ across a species range and, in-turn, this may influence the degree of dietary specialization. Gentoo penguins ... ...

    Abstract Marine species occupy broad geographical ranges that encompass varied habitats. Accordingly, resource availability is likely to differ across a species range and, in-turn, this may influence the degree of dietary specialization. Gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua are generalist predators occupying a range of habitats with a large breeding range extending from Antarctica to temperate environments. Using the most extensive stomach content data set on gentoo penguins this study investigated their feeding ecology at the Falkland Islands (52°S, 59.5°W), the world’s largest population. Sampling occured in consecutive breeding seasons (2011–2013), across multiple foraging habitats utilizing stomach content data and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of feathers. The first species specific description of diet at this scale for the Falklands revealed six key prey items for the birds: rock cod (Patagonotothen spp.), lobster krill (Munida spp.), Falkland herring (Sprattus fuegensis), Patagonian squid (Doryteuthis gahi), juvenile fish (likely all nototheniids), and southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis). Niche width, relating to both stomach content and stable isotope data related to the surrounding bathymetry. Birds from colonies close to gently sloping, shallow waters, fed primarily on benthic prey and had larger niche widths. The opposite was observed at a colony surrounded by steeply sloping, deeper waters. Therefore, gentoo penguins at the population level at the Falklands are indeed generalists, however, at individual colonies some specialization occurred to take advantage of locally available prey, resulting in these birds being classified as Type B generalists. Hence, future studies must account for this intra-colony variation when assessing for factors such as inter-specific competition or overlap with anthropogenic activities.
    Keywords Micromesistius australis ; Munida ; Patagonotothen ; Pygoscelis ; Sprattus fuegensis ; anthropogenic activities ; breeding ; breeding season ; carbon ; data collection ; diet ; feathers ; foraging ; habitats ; herring ; interspecific competition ; juveniles ; krill ; nitrogen ; penguins ; predators ; squid ; stable isotopes ; stomach ; whiting ; Antarctica ; Falkland Islands
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-04
    Size p. 82.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1117-4
    ISSN 1432-1793 ; 0025-3162
    ISSN (online) 1432-1793
    ISSN 0025-3162
    DOI 10.1007/s00227-017-3113-1
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  7. Article: A concept paper: using the outcomes of common surgical conditions as quality metrics to benchmark district surgical services in South Africa as part of a systematic quality improvement programme.

    Clarke, Damian L / Kong, Victor Y / Handley, Jonathan / Aldous, Colleen

    South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie

    2013  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 84–86

    Abstract: The fourth, fifth and sixth Millennium Development Goals relate directly to improving global healthcare and health outcomes. The focus is to improve global health outcomes by reducing maternal and childhood mortality and the burden of infectious diseases ...

    Abstract The fourth, fifth and sixth Millennium Development Goals relate directly to improving global healthcare and health outcomes. The focus is to improve global health outcomes by reducing maternal and childhood mortality and the burden of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Specific targets and time frames have been set for these diseases. There is, however, no specific mention of surgically treated diseases in these goals, reflecting a bias that is slowly changing with emerging consensus that surgical care is an integral part of primary healthcare systems in the developing world. The disparities between the developed and developing world in terms of wealth and social indicators are reflected in disparities in access to surgical care. Health administrators must develop plans and strategies to reduce these disparities. However, any strategic plan that addresses deficits in healthcare must have a system of metrics, which benchmark the current quality of care so that specific improvement targets may be set.This concept paper outlines the role of surgical services in a primary healthcare system, highlights the ongoing disparities in access to surgical care and outcomes of surgical care, discusses the importance of a systems-based approach to healthcare and quality improvement, and reviews the current state of surgical care at district hospitals in South Africa. Finally, it proposes that the results from a recently published study on acute appendicitis, as well as data from a number of other common surgical conditions, can provide measurable outcomes across a healthcare system and so act as an indicator for judging improvements in surgical care. This would provide a framework for the introduction of collection of these outcomes as a routine epidemiological health policy tool.
    MeSH term(s) Appendicitis/surgery ; Benchmarking ; General Surgery/standards ; General Surgery/statistics & numerical data ; Health Services Accessibility ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Quality Improvement ; Quality Indicators, Health Care ; South Africa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-31
    Publishing country South Africa
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 416504-4
    ISSN 0038-2361
    ISSN 0038-2361
    DOI 10.7196/sajs.1476
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  8. Article ; Online: The accuracy of the Alvarado score in predicting acute appendicitis in the black South African population needs to be validated.

    Kong, Victor Y / van der Linde, Stefan / Aldous, Colleen / Handley, Jonathan J / Clarke, Damian L

    Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

    2014  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) E121–5

    Abstract: Background: The Alvarado score is the most widely used clinical prediction tool to facilitate decision-making in patients with acute appendicitis, but it has not been validated in the black South African population, which has much wider differential ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Alvarado score is the most widely used clinical prediction tool to facilitate decision-making in patients with acute appendicitis, but it has not been validated in the black South African population, which has much wider differential diagnosis than developed world populations. We investigated the applicability of this score to our local population and sought to introduce a checklist for rural doctors to facilitate early referral.
    Methods: We analyzed patients with proven appendicitis for the period January 2008 to December 2012. Alvarado scores were retrospectively assigned based on patients' admission charts. We generated a clinical probability score (1-4 = low, 5-6 = intermediate, 7-10 = high).
    Results: We studied 1000 patients (54% male, median age 21 yr). Forty percent had inflamed, nonperforated appendices and 60% had perforated appendices. Alvarado scores were 1-4 in 20.9%, 5-6 in 35.7% and 7-10 in 43.4%, indicating low, intermediate and high clincial probability, respectively. In our subgroup analysis of 510 patients without generalized peritonitis, Alvarado scores were 1-4 in 5.5%, 5-6 in 18.1% and 7-10 in 76.4%, indicating low, intermediate and high clinical probability, respectively.
    Conclusion: The widespread use of the Alvarado score has its merits, but its applicability in the black South African population is unclear, with a significant proportion of patients with the disease being potentially missed. Further prospective validation of the Alvarado score and possible modification is needed to increase its relevance in our setting.
    MeSH term(s) Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Appendicitis/complications ; Appendicitis/diagnosis ; Appendicitis/ethnology ; Checklist ; Child ; Decision Support Techniques ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Rural Health Services ; South Africa ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-30
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Validation Study
    ZDB-ID 410651-9
    ISSN 1488-2310 ; 0008-428X
    ISSN (online) 1488-2310
    ISSN 0008-428X
    DOI 10.1503/cjs.023013
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  9. Article ; Online: Acute appendicitis in a developing country.

    Kong, Victor Y / Bulajic, Bojana / Allorto, Nikki L / Handley, Jonathan / Clarke, Damian L

    World journal of surgery

    2012  Volume 36, Issue 9, Page(s) 2068–2073

    Abstract: Background: This prospective audit of appendicitis at a busy regional hospital reviews the spectrum and outcome of acute appendicitis in rural and peri-urban South Africa.: Method: We conducted a prospective audit from September 2010 to September ... ...

    Abstract Background: This prospective audit of appendicitis at a busy regional hospital reviews the spectrum and outcome of acute appendicitis in rural and peri-urban South Africa.
    Method: We conducted a prospective audit from September 2010 to September 2011 at Edendale Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
    Results: Over the year under review, a total of 200 patients with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis were operated on at Edendale Hospital. There were 128 males (64 %) in this cohort. The mean duration of illness prior to seeking medical attention was 3.7 days. Surgical access was by a midline laparotomy in 62.5 % and by a Lanz incision in 35.5 %. Two percent of patients underwent a laparoscopic appendicectomy. The operative findings were as follows: macroscopic inflammation of the appendix without perforation in 35.5 % (71/200) and perforation of the appendix in 57 % (114/200). Of the perforated appendices, 44 % (51/114) were associated with localised intra-abdominal contamination and 55 % (63/114) had generalised four-quadrant soiling. Thirty percent (60/200) required temporary abdominal closure (TAC) with planned repeat operation. Major complications included hospital-acquired pneumonia in 12.5 % (25/200), wound dehiscence in 7 % (14/200), and renal failure in 3 % (6/200). Postoperatively 89.5 % (179/200) were admitted directly to the general wards, while 11 % (21/200) required admission to the intensive care unit. The overall mortality rate was 2 % (4/200).
    Conclusions: The incidence of acute appendicitis amongst African patients seems to be increasing. Although it is still lower than the reported incidence amongst patients in the developed world, it is a common emergency that places a significant burden on the South African health service. The disease presents late and is associated with a high incidence of perforation which translates into significant morbidity and even mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Appendicitis/complications ; Appendicitis/diagnosis ; Appendicitis/epidemiology ; Appendicitis/surgery ; Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Prospective Studies ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224043-9
    ISSN 1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
    ISSN (online) 1432-2323
    ISSN 0364-2313
    DOI 10.1007/s00268-012-1626-9
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  10. Article ; Online: Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins.

    Clucas, Gemma V / Younger, Jane L / Kao, Damian / Emmerson, Louise / Southwell, Colin / Wienecke, Barbara / Rogers, Alex D / Bost, Charles-André / Miller, Gary D / Polito, Michael J / Lelliott, Patrick / Handley, Jonathan / Crofts, Sarah / Phillips, Richard A / Dunn, Michael J / Miller, Karen J / Hart, Tom

    Molecular ecology

    2018  Volume 27, Issue 23, Page(s) 4680–4697

    Abstract: The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a ... ...

    Abstract The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genomics ; Genotyping Techniques ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Spheniscidae/classification ; Spheniscidae/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/mec.14896
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