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  1. Book ; Online: Artificial muses

    Haase, Jennifer / Hanel, Paul H. P.

    Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Have Risen to Human-Level Creativity

    2023  

    Abstract: A widespread view is that Artificial Intelligence cannot be creative. We tested this assumption by comparing human-generated ideas with those generated by six Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) chatbots: $alpa.\!ai$, $Copy.\!ai$, ChatGPT (versions ... ...

    Abstract A widespread view is that Artificial Intelligence cannot be creative. We tested this assumption by comparing human-generated ideas with those generated by six Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) chatbots: $alpa.\!ai$, $Copy.\!ai$, ChatGPT (versions 3 and 4), $Studio.\!ai$, and YouChat. Humans and a specifically trained AI independently assessed the quality and quantity of ideas. We found no qualitative difference between AI and human-generated creativity, although there are differences in how ideas are generated. Interestingly, 9.4 percent of humans were more creative than the most creative GAI, GPT-4. Our findings suggest that GAIs are valuable assistants in the creative process. Continued research and development of GAI in creative tasks is crucial to fully understand this technology's potential benefits and drawbacks in shaping the future of creativity. Finally, we discuss the question of whether GAIs are capable of being truly creative.

    Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Subject code 501
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Active urbanism and choice architecture: encouraging the use of challenging city routes for health and fitness

    Boldina, Anna / Hanel, Paul H. P. / Steemers, Koen

    Landscape Research. 2023 Apr. 3, v. 48, no. 3 p.276-296

    2023  

    Abstract: Inactivity is one of the major health risks in technologically developed countries. This paper explores the potential of a series of urban landscape interventions to engage people in physical activity. Online surveys were conducted with 595 participants ... ...

    Abstract Inactivity is one of the major health risks in technologically developed countries. This paper explores the potential of a series of urban landscape interventions to engage people in physical activity. Online surveys were conducted with 595 participants living in the UK by inviting them to choose between conventional pavement or challenging routes (steppingstones, balancing beams, and high steps) using photorealistic images. Across four experiments, we discovered that 80% of walkers claim they would pick a challenging route in at least one of the scenarios, depending on perceived level of difficulty and design characteristics. Where a challenging option was shorter than a conventional route, this increased the likelihood of being chosen by 10%, and the presence of handrails by 12%. This suggests that people can get nudged into physical activities through minor changes to the urban landscape. We discuss implications for policy makers and urban designers.
    Keywords issues and policy ; landscapes ; pavements ; people ; physical activity ; research ; Active urbanism ; choice architecture ; exercise ; invigorating landscape ; health ; sociopsychology ; urban design
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0403
    Size p. 276-296.
    Publishing place Routledge
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2020719-0
    ISSN 0142-6397 ; 1469-9710 ; 0142-6397
    ISSN (online) 0142-6397 ; 1469-9710
    ISSN 0142-6397
    DOI 10.1080/01426397.2022.2142204
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Exploring the roles of human values and self-discrepancies in postnatal depression in first-time mothers.

    Smith, Cassandra / Hanel, Paul H P / Maio, Gregory R

    Journal of clinical psychology

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 1, Page(s) 170–185

    Abstract: Objectives: Postnatal depression is the most prevalent psychopathology experienced within the perinatal period and has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. In the present research, we combine two influential ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Postnatal depression is the most prevalent psychopathology experienced within the perinatal period and has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. In the present research, we combine two influential theories, Schwartz's theory of human values and Higgins' self-discrepancy theory (SDT), to test new hypotheses about postnatal depression.
    Methods: We recruited 80 first-time mothers who had given birth within the last 6 months and who self-reported experiencing low mood or postnatal depression. Participants anonymously completed measures of postnatal depression, value importance, self-discrepancies, and subjective value fulfillment.
    Results: Contrary to our hypotheses, actual-ought self-discrepancies, but not actual-ideal self-discrepancies, predicted postnatal depression. Interestingly however, self-discrepancies were negatively correlated with value fulfillment. The findings within this study diverge from the relation predicted within SDT and highlight how motherhood may represent a unique circumstance, in which the "ideal self" has evolved to become a self that one feels morally obligated to embody. Further exploratory analyses revealed that depression was predicted by the difference between value fulfillment and value importance in conservation values, but not by differences between value fulfillment and value importance regarding any of the other value types.
    Discussion: We discuss potential impact on discourses around motherhood, alongside clinical implications for practitioners who work with mothers during the perinatal period.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Depression, Postpartum ; Mothers ; Self Report ; Emotions ; Parturition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219160-x
    ISSN 1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
    ISSN (online) 1097-4679
    ISSN 0021-9762
    DOI 10.1002/jclp.23603
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  4. Article: Values and physical activity among sports science students in France and China: a transcultural analysis.

    Liang, Yan / Rascle, Olivier / Hanel, Paul H P / Yang, Jian / Souchon, Nicolas

    Frontiers in psychology

    2024  Volume 14, Page(s) 1304019

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between values and physical activity in France (a Western European individualistic country) and in China (an East Asian collectivist country).: Method: Six hundred and twenty-seven ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between values and physical activity in France (a Western European individualistic country) and in China (an East Asian collectivist country).
    Method: Six hundred and twenty-seven sport science students in France (
    Results: In both France and China, moderated regression analysis revealed that hedonism positively/negatively predicted physical activity, while security-societal, security-personal, and conformity-rules values negatively predicted physical activity. In contrast, stimulation and universalism-nature values positively predicted physical activity only in France. In China, benevolence and benevolence-care positively predicted physical activity, while power dominance negatively predicted physical activity. Additionally, we found evidence of measurement invariance of the value questionnaire.
    Discussion and conclusion: Our findings add to the literature by showing that the value-behavior link is partly the same across countries and partly different. Further, our findings show that for certain populations, the previously established hierarchy of human values does not replicate.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1304019
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  5. Article: The 19-Item Environmental Knowledge Test (EKT-19): A short, psychometrically robust measure of environmental knowledge.

    Player, Lois / Hanel, Paul H P / Whitmarsh, Lorraine / Shah, Punit

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e17862

    Abstract: Environmental knowledge is considered an important pre-cursor to pro-environmental behaviour. Though several tools have been designed to measure environmental knowledge, there remains no concise, psychometrically grounded measure. We validated an ... ...

    Abstract Environmental knowledge is considered an important pre-cursor to pro-environmental behaviour. Though several tools have been designed to measure environmental knowledge, there remains no concise, psychometrically grounded measure. We validated an existing measure in a British sample, confirming that it had good one- and three-factor structures in line with previous literature. For the first time in this field, we built upon previous Classical Test Theory approaches and used discrimination values derived from Item Response Theory to select the best items, resulting in the 19-Item Environmental Knowledge Test (EKT-19). This measure retained a clear factor structure and had moderate-to-good internal reliability, indicating that it is a parsimonious and psychometrically robust measure for the assessment of overall and specific types of environmental knowledge. The theoretical implications and real-world applications of this measure are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17862
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Self-generated cognitive fluency: consequences on evaluative judgments.

    von Hecker, Ulrich / Hanel, Paul H P / Jin, Zixi / Winkielman, Piotr

    Cognition & emotion

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 254–270

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract ABSTRACT
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Judgment ; Learning ; Problem Solving ; Memory, Short-Term ; Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639123-0
    ISSN 1464-0600 ; 0269-9931
    ISSN (online) 1464-0600
    ISSN 0269-9931
    DOI 10.1080/02699931.2022.2161482
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 3087: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Satisfaction and performance of software developers during enforced work from home in the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Russo, Daniel / Hanel, Paul H P / Altnickel, Seraphina / van Berkel, Niels

    Empirical software engineering

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 53

    Abstract: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, the daily lives of software engineers were heavily disrupted as they were abruptly forced to work remotely from home. To better understand and contrast typical working days in this ... ...

    Abstract Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, the daily lives of software engineers were heavily disrupted as they were abruptly forced to work remotely from home. To better understand and contrast typical working days in this new reality with work in pre-pandemic times, we conducted one exploratory (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1479898-0
    ISSN 1573-7616 ; 1382-3256
    ISSN (online) 1573-7616
    ISSN 1382-3256
    DOI 10.1007/s10664-023-10293-z
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  8. Article ; Online: Volunteers' concerns about facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

    Efthimiou, Themis Nikolas / Hanel, Paul H P / Korb, Sebastian

    BMC psychology

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 117

    Abstract: Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of an electrical current to the skin to induce muscle contractions and has enormous potential for basic research and clinical intervention in psychology and neuroscience. Because the ... ...

    Abstract Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of an electrical current to the skin to induce muscle contractions and has enormous potential for basic research and clinical intervention in psychology and neuroscience. Because the technique remains largely unknown, and the prospect of receiving electricity to the face can be daunting, willingness to receive facial NMES is likely to be low and gender differences might exist in the amount of concern for the sensation of pain and skin burns. We investigated these questions in 182 healthy participants. The likelihood of taking part (LOTP) in a hypothetical facial NMES study was measured both before and after presenting a detailed vignette about facial NMES including its risks. Results showed that LOTP was generally high and that participants remained more likely to participate than not to, despite a decrease in LOTP after the detailed vignette. LOTP was significantly predicted by participants' previous knowledge about electrical stimulation and their tendency not to worry about the sensations of pain, and it was inversely related to concerns for burns and loss of muscle control. Fear of pain was also inversely related to LOTP, but its effect was mediated by the other concerns. We conclude that willingness to receive facial NMES is generally high across individuals in the studied age range (18-45) and that it is particularly important to reassure participants about facial NMES safety regarding burns and loss of muscle control. The findings are relevant for scholars considering using facial NMES in the laboratory.
    MeSH term(s) Electric Stimulation ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Pain/prevention & control ; Volunteers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2705921-2
    ISSN 2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
    ISSN (online) 2050-7283
    ISSN 2050-7283
    DOI 10.1186/s40359-022-00827-3
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  9. Article ; Online: Returning home: The role of expectations in re-entry adaptation.

    Geeraert, Nicolas / Ward, Colleen / Hanel, Paul H P

    Applied psychology. Health and well-being

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 949–966

    Abstract: Returning home after a study abroad experience can be challenging. In the current research, we examine the discrepancy between adaptation expectations and experience in a longitudinal sojourner study (N = 1319; ... ...

    Abstract Returning home after a study abroad experience can be challenging. In the current research, we examine the discrepancy between adaptation expectations and experience in a longitudinal sojourner study (N = 1319; M
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Motivation ; Personal Satisfaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2483053-7
    ISSN 1758-0854 ; 1758-0846
    ISSN (online) 1758-0854
    ISSN 1758-0846
    DOI 10.1111/aphw.12361
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  10. Book ; Online: Conducting High Impact Research With Limited Financial Resources (While Working From Home)

    Hanel, Paul H. P.

    2020  

    Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has far-reaching implications for researchers. For example, many researchers cannot access their labs anymore and are hit by budget-cuts from their institutions. Luckily, there are a range of ways how high-quality research can be ... ...

    Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has far-reaching implications for researchers. For example, many researchers cannot access their labs anymore and are hit by budget-cuts from their institutions. Luckily, there are a range of ways how high-quality research can be conducted without funding and face-to-face interactions. In the present paper, I discuss eight such possibilities, including meta-analyses, secondary data analyses, web-scrapping, scientometrics, or sharing one’s expert knowledge (e.g., writing tutorials). Most of these possibilities can be done from home, as they require only access to a computer, the internet, and time; but no state-of-the art equipment or funding to pay for participants. Thus, they are particularly relevant for researchers with limited financial resources beyond pandemics and quarantines.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher Center for Open Science
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    DOI 10.31234/osf.io/s3fcu
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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