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  1. Article ; Online: Deep histories of food systems in eastern Africa and current patterns of food insecurity.

    Hannaford, Matthew J

    Nature food

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 11, Page(s) 949–960

    Abstract: Central to successful attempts to address food insecurity in Africa are understandings of the historical contexts and meanings of food systems. However, much research into current challenges remains separated from deeper agrarian and alimentary histories. ...

    Abstract Central to successful attempts to address food insecurity in Africa are understandings of the historical contexts and meanings of food systems. However, much research into current challenges remains separated from deeper agrarian and alimentary histories. Using qualitative data on food within the historical record alongside the wider multidisciplinary record of the past, this Review traces long-term patterns and drivers of continuity and change in eastern African food systems. Considerable dynamism in place-based and regional trends in the integration of new foodstuffs, agricultural commercialization, resistance and transformations in diets, and diversification and specialization as livelihood strategies is found-each of which emerged within imbricated contexts of African agency, transoceanic exchanges and colonial incursions. Such historical data provide important deep-time perspectives for interventions to address modern food insecurity, as demonstrated through examples of agricultural value chains, 'under-utilized' crops and major infrastructure projects in southeast Africa.
    MeSH term(s) Food Supply ; Africa, Eastern ; Africa ; Crops, Agricultural ; Food Insecurity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2662-1355
    ISSN (online) 2662-1355
    DOI 10.1038/s43016-023-00879-7
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  2. Article: Long-term drivers of vulnerability and resilience to drought in the Zambezi-Save area of southern Africa, 1505–1830

    Hannaford, Matthew J

    Global and planetary change. 2018 July, v. 166

    2018  

    Abstract: Historical studies of human interaction with climate are one approach through which to understand responses to environmental stress today. Most studies of vulnerability are based upon short timeframes in the recent past and so may focus on its symptoms ... ...

    Abstract Historical studies of human interaction with climate are one approach through which to understand responses to environmental stress today. Most studies of vulnerability are based upon short timeframes in the recent past and so may focus on its symptoms rather than its underlying causes, or derive exclusively from systems-based approaches that can present historical change without recourse to human agency. This paper makes extensive use of the historical written record to analyse the comparative root-causes of the vulnerability and resilience of rural farming communities to drought over a period of three centuries (1505–1830) in the area between the Zambezi and Save rivers in southern Africa. The paper first considers vulnerability, resilience and adaptation as temporal frameworks, and analyses evidence for drought and its impacts in the pre-colonial past. It then reconstructs agro-ecosystem, livelihood and institutional vulnerability for six societies and settlements over the long-run using an indicator approach. The resultant trajectories of vulnerability are discussed in the context of the differential impacts of past drought, through which the decisive drivers and constraints of vulnerability and resilience are identified. The paper concludes with a number of key themes from this long-run analysis for contemporary vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and points to the importance of institutional adaptation, normative goals, and uneven distributions of power.
    Keywords agroecosystems ; climate ; climate change ; drought ; farming systems ; humans ; livelihood ; rivers ; society ; Southern Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 94-106.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2016967-X
    ISSN 0921-8181
    ISSN 0921-8181
    DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.05.001
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  3. Article: Rainfall variability in southeast and west-central Africa during the Little Ice Age: do documentary and proxy records agree?

    Hannaford, Matthew J. / Beck, Kristen K.

    Climatic change. 2021 Sept., v. 168, no. 1-2

    2021  

    Abstract: Understanding of long-term climatic change prior to instrumental records necessitates reconstructions from documentary and palaeoclimate archives. In southern Africa, documentary-derived chronologies of nineteenth century rainfall variability and ... ...

    Abstract Understanding of long-term climatic change prior to instrumental records necessitates reconstructions from documentary and palaeoclimate archives. In southern Africa, documentary-derived chronologies of nineteenth century rainfall variability and palaeoclimate records have permitted new insights into rainfall variability over past centuries. Rarely considered, however, is the climatic information within early colonial documentary records that emerge from the late fifteenth century onwards. This paper examines evidence for (multi-)seasonal dry and wet events within these earlier written records (c. 1550–1830 CE) from southeast Africa (Mozambique) and west-central Africa (Angola) in conjunction with palaeoclimate records from multiple proxies. Specifically, it aims to understand whether these sources agree in their signals of rainfall variability over a 280-year period covering the ‘main phase’ Little Ice Age (LIA) in southern Africa. The two source types generally, but do not always, show agreement within the two regions. This appears to reflect both the nature of rainfall variability and the context behind documentary recording. Both source types indicate that southeast and west-central Africa were distinct regions of rainfall variability over seasonal and longer timescales during the LIA, with southeast Africa being generally drier and west-central Africa generally wetter. However, the documentary records reveal considerable variability within these mean state climatic conditions, with multi-year droughts a recurrent feature in both regions. An analysis of long-term rainfall links with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in southeast Africa suggests a complex and possibly non-stationary relationship. Overall, early colonial records provide valuable information for constraining hydroclimate variability where palaeoclimate records remain sparse.
    Keywords climate change ; paleoclimatology ; rain ; Angola ; Mozambique
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 11.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751086-x
    ISSN 0165-0009
    ISSN 0165-0009
    DOI 10.1007/s10584-021-03217-7
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  4. Article: Climate and society in long-term perspective: Opportunities and pitfalls in the use of historical datasets.

    van Bavel, Bas J P / Curtis, Daniel R / Hannaford, Matthew J / Moatsos, Michail / Roosen, Joris / Soens, Tim

    Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) e611

    Abstract: Recent advances in paleoclimatology and the growing digital availability of large historical datasets on human activity have created new opportunities to investigate long-term interactions between climate and society. However, noncritical use of ... ...

    Abstract Recent advances in paleoclimatology and the growing digital availability of large historical datasets on human activity have created new opportunities to investigate long-term interactions between climate and society. However, noncritical use of historical datasets can create pitfalls, resulting in misleading findings that may become entrenched as accepted knowledge. We demonstrate pitfalls in the content, use and interpretation of historical datasets in research into climate and society interaction through a systematic review of recent studies on the link between climate and (a) conflict incidence, (b) plague outbreaks and (c) agricultural productivity changes. We propose three sets of interventions to overcome these pitfalls, which involve a more critical and multidisciplinary collection and construction of historical datasets, increased specificity and transparency about uncertainty or biases, and replacing inductive with deductive approaches to causality. This will improve the validity and robustness of interpretations on the long-term relationship between climate and society. This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2532966-2
    ISSN 1757-7799 ; 1757-7780
    ISSN (online) 1757-7799
    ISSN 1757-7780
    DOI 10.1002/wcc.611
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  5. Article ; Online: DOCU-CLIM: A global documentary climate dataset for climate reconstructions.

    Burgdorf, Angela-Maria / Brönnimann, Stefan / Adamson, George / Amano, Tatsuya / Aono, Yasuyuki / Barriopedro, David / Bullón, Teresa / Camenisch, Chantal / Camuffo, Dario / Daux, Valérie / Del Rosario Prieto, María / Dobrovolný, Petr / Gallego, David / García-Herrera, Ricardo / Gergis, Joelle / Grab, Stefan / Hannaford, Matthew J / Holopainen, Jari / Kelso, Clare /
    Kern, Zoltán / Kiss, Andrea / Kuan-Hui Lin, Elaine / Loader, Neil J / Možný, Martin / Nash, David / Nicholson, Sharon E / Pfister, Christian / Rodrigo, Fernando S / Rutishauser, This / Sharma, Sapna / Takács, Katalin / Vargas, Ernesto T / Vega, Inmaculada

    Scientific data

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 402

    Abstract: Documentary climate data describe evidence of past climate arising from predominantly written historical documents such as diaries, chronicles, newspapers, or logbooks. Over the past decades, historians and climatologists have generated numerous document- ...

    Abstract Documentary climate data describe evidence of past climate arising from predominantly written historical documents such as diaries, chronicles, newspapers, or logbooks. Over the past decades, historians and climatologists have generated numerous document-based time series of local and regional climates. However, a global dataset of documentary climate time series has never been compiled, and documentary data are rarely used in large-scale climate reconstructions. Here, we present the first global multi-variable collection of documentary climate records. The dataset DOCU-CLIM comprises 621 time series (both published and hitherto unpublished) providing information on historical variations in temperature, precipitation, and wind regime. The series are evaluated by formulating proxy forward models (i.e., predicting the documentary observations from climate fields) in an overlapping period. Results show strong correlations, particularly for the temperature-sensitive series. Correlations are somewhat lower for precipitation-sensitive series. Overall, we ascribe considerable potential to documentary records as climate data, especially in regions and seasons not well represented by early instrumental data and palaeoclimate proxies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Dataset ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-023-02303-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization.

    Morrison, Kathleen D / Hammer, Emily / Boles, Oliver / Madella, Marco / Whitehouse, Nicola / Gaillard, Marie-Jose / Bates, Jennifer / Vander Linden, Marc / Merlo, Stefania / Yao, Alice / Popova, Laura / Hill, Austin Chad / Antolin, Ferran / Bauer, Andrew / Biagetti, Stefano / Bishop, Rosie R / Buckland, Phillip / Cruz, Pablo / Dreslerová, Dagmar /
    Dusseldorp, Gerrit / Ellis, Erle / Filipovic, Dragana / Foster, Thomas / Hannaford, Matthew J / Harrison, Sandy P / Hazarika, Manjil / Herold, Hajnalka / Hilpert, Johanna / Kaplan, Jed O / Kay, Andrea / Klein Goldewijk, Kees / Kolář, Jan / Kyazike, Elizabeth / Laabs, Julian / Lancelotti, Carla / Lane, Paul / Lawrence, Dan / Lewis, Krista / Lombardo, Umberto / Lucarini, Giulio / Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel / Marchant, Rob / Mayle, Francis / McClatchie, Meriel / McLeester, Madeleine / Mooney, Scott / Moskal-Del Hoyo, Magdalena / Navarrete, Vanessa / Ndiema, Emmanuel / Góes Neves, Eduardo / Nowak, Marek / Out, Welmoed A / Petrie, Cameron / Phelps, Leanne N / Pinke, Zsolt / Rostain, Stéphen / Russell, Thembi / Sluyter, Andrew / Styring, Amy K / Tamanaha, Eduardo / Thomas, Evert / Veerasamy, Selvakumar / Welton, Lynn / Zanon, Marco

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0246662

    Abstract: In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover ... ...

    Abstract In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
    MeSH term(s) Arabia ; Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Management ; Earth, Planet ; Ecosystem ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mesopotamia ; Natural Resources
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0246662
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  7. Article ; Online: Mapping past human land use using archaeological data

    Morrison, Kathleen D. / Hammer, Emily / Boles, Oliver / Madella, Marco / Whitehouse, Nicola / Gaillard, Marie-Jose / Bates, Jennifer / Vander Linden, Marc / Merlo, Stefania / Yao, Alice / Popova, Laura / Chad Hill, Austin / Antolin, Ferran / Bauer, Andrew / Biagetti, Stefano / Bishop, Rosie R. / Buckland, Phillip / Cruz, Pablo / Dreslerova, Dagmar /
    Dusseldorp, Gerrit / Ellis, Erle / Dragana, Filipovic / Foster, Thomas / Hannaford, Matthew J. / Harrison, Sandy P. / Hazarika, Manjil / Herold, Hajnalka / Hilpert, Johanna / Kaplan, Jed O. / Kay, Andrea / Goldewijk, Kees Klein / Kolář, Jan / Kyazike, Elizabeth / Laabs, Julian / Lancelotti, Carla / Lane, Paul / Lawrence, Dan / Lewis, Krista / Lombardo, Umberto / Lucarini, Giulio / Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel / Marchant, Rob / Mayle, Francis / McClatchie, Meriel / McLeester, Madeleine / Mooney, Scott / Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena / Navarrete, Vanessa / Ndiema, Emmanuel / Neves, Eduardo Goes / Nowak, Marek / Out, Welmoed A. / Petrie, Cameron / Phelps, Leanne N. / Pinke, Zsolt / Rostain, Stephen / Russell, Thembi / Sluyter, Andrew / Styring, Amy K. / Tamanaha, Eduardo / Thomas, Evert / Veerasamy, Selvakumar / Welton, Lynn / Zanon, Marco

    PLoS ONE

    A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

    2021  

    Abstract: In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover ... ...

    Abstract In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve repre- sentation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evi- dence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both imple- mented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and meth- ods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, link- ing archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
    Keywords land management ; land use mapping ; classification systems ; data collection ; ordenación de tierras ; cartografía del uso de la tierra ; sistema de clasificación
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-03T12:54:59Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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