Article ; Online: First Report of Fusarium equiseti Causing Bulb Rot on Lily (Lilium ‘White Planet’) in China
Plant Disease. 2023 Sept. 01, v. 107, no. 9 p.2847-
2023
Abstract: Lily (Lilium spp.) is one of the main ornamental plants grown in the world. In addition, bulbs of lily have been extensively used as edible and medicinal herbs in northern and eastern Asia, especially in China (China Pharmacopoeia Committee 2020; Tang et ...
| Abstract | Lily (Lilium spp.) is one of the main ornamental plants grown in the world. In addition, bulbs of lily have been extensively used as edible and medicinal herbs in northern and eastern Asia, especially in China (China Pharmacopoeia Committee 2020; Tang et al. 2021; Yu et al. 2015). In August of 2021, a disease of stem and leaf rot was observed on the lily cultivar White planet with approximately 25% disease incidence in the greenhouse and fields at the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Beijing, China). The bulbs of symptomatic plants were brown and rotten, with sunken lesions. Symptomatic plants showed short and discolored leaves, which eventually lead to stem wilt and death of the whole plant. Infected bulbs were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s and then in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. A 0.5 × 0.5-cm tissue piece was then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 25 ± 1°C. After 5 days, the isolate was purified by single-spore isolation technique. The single-spored fungal colony was characterized by fluffy white aerial mycelia and produced orange pigments with age. After 7 days on Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA), conidia were produced from simple lateral phialides. Macroconidia had pronounced typical dorsiventral curvature, significantly enlarged in the middle, a tapered whip-like pointed apical cell, a characteristic foot-shaped basal cell, and 3 to 6 septa, measuring 18.71 to 43.01 × 2.89 to 5.56 μm with an average size of 26.98 × 3.90 μm (n = 30). Microconidia were not observed. Typical thick verrucose chlamydospores with rough walls were profuse in chains or clumps and ellipsoidal to subglobose in shape. These morphological characteristics were consistent with Fusarium spp. (Leslie and Summerell 2006). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor subunit 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and RNA polymerase subunit 2 (RPB2) genes were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1/EF2, and 5F2/7cR, respectively, and sequenced (Jiang et al. 2018; O’Donnell et al. 2007; White et al. 1990). Sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers OM078499 (ITS), OM638086 (TEF1-α), and OM638085 (RPB2). BLAST analysis showed that ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequences shared 100, 99.8, and 99.2% identity to Fusarium equiseti (OM956073, KY081599, and MW364892) in GenBank, respectively. In addition, ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequences shared 100, 99.53, and 100% identity with F. lacertarum (LC7927, F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex) in the Fusarium-ID database. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular sequences, the isolates were identified as F. equiseti. A pathogenicity test was performed on potted lily (‘White planet’) under greenhouse conditions (25 ± 1°C with a 16-h light and 8-h dark cycle). Three healthy lily bulbs were selected, and one bulb was planted in each pot filled with sterilized soil. Each pot was inoculated with 5 ml of conidia suspension (1 × 10⁷ conidia/ml) in the soil around bulbs, with an equal amount of sterilized water as a control. This test had three replicates. After 15 days of inoculation, typical symptoms of bulb rot, like those observed in the greenhouse and fields, developed on the inoculated plants but not on the controls. The same fungus was consistently reisolated from the diseased plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. equiseti causing bulb rot on Lilium spp. in China. Our result will help in future monitoring and control of lily wilt disease. |
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| Keywords | DNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Fusarium equiseti ; Lilium ; agar ; bulbs ; chlamydospores ; conidia ; cultivars ; culture media ; databases ; death ; disease incidence ; ethanol ; fungi ; greenhouses ; internal transcribed spacers ; isolation techniques ; leaves ; mycelium ; pathogenicity ; peptide elongation factors ; sodium hypochlorite ; soil ; soil sterilization ; vascular wilt ; China ; herbaceous/flowering plants ; ornamentals ; pathogen detection |
| Language | English |
| Dates of publication | 2023-0901 |
| Publishing place | The American Phytopathological Society |
| Document type | Article ; Online |
| ZDB-ID | 754182-x |
| ISSN | 0191-2917 |
| ISSN | 0191-2917 |
| DOI | 10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0199-PDN |
| Database | NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA) |
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