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Article ; Online: The Impact of Platform Encroachment on the Manufacturer’s Financing Strategy

Gongbing Bi / Hao Pan

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 4666, p

2023 Volume 4666

Abstract: Manufacturers with limited funds often seek financial help from outside, usually banks or platforms. However, introducing store brand products (platform encroachment) makes platforms form a competitive and cooperative relationship with manufacturers. To ... ...

Abstract	Manufacturers with limited funds often seek financial help from outside, usually banks or platforms. However, introducing store brand products (platform encroachment) makes platforms form a competitive and cooperative relationship with manufacturers. To investigate how platform encroachment affects the optimal production decisions and the manufacturer’s financing strategy, this paper establishes a stylized model to capture the strategic interaction between a manufacturer, a platform and a bank. The manufacturer sells a national brand product directly through the platform, which owns a competitive store brand product. By analyzing the equilibrium results, we show that although platform encroachment may reduce the manufacturer’s financing cost, product competition always makes the manufacturer bear more losses. In addition, our results also show that the manufacturer is always willing to adopt the platform financing strategy if the platform does not encroach. However, under platform encroachment, the bank financing strategy may be a better choice for the manufacturer, as long as the commission rate is low enough. Moreover, the platform financing strategy is the Pareto-dominant strategy when the commission rate is high. Finally, we verify the accuracy and robustness of the conclusions of the basic model through numerical analysis and extension. Using the results we derive, we explain the market practices and provide valuable guidelines for manufacturers to choose financing strategies under platform encroachment.
Keywords	financial constraint ; platform encroachment ; platform financing ; Pareto improvement ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	330
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Research and engineering practice on space characteristics of gangue slurry filling

Wenzhe Gu / Baogui Yang / Hao Pan / Tianqi Song

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract The macroscopic characteristics of the fractured space and the microscopic pore features are critical factors determining the effectiveness of gangue slurry backfilling. To identify the key areas for slurry backfilling, a combination of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The macroscopic characteristics of the fractured space and the microscopic pore features are critical factors determining the effectiveness of gangue slurry backfilling. To identify the key areas for slurry backfilling, a combination of theoretical analysis, simulation experiments, and on-site industrial trials was used to reveal the movement laws of backfilling space overlying the fractured zone. The distribution characteristics of voids available for slurry backfilling within the fractured space were explored, and the interaction between gangue slurry and goaf voids was clarified. A formula for calculating the void ratio in the caved zone was derived, and a model for the distribution of voids in the slurry backfilling space was established. This model identified the main areas where slurry backfilling should be focused, namely the overlapping space between the free accumulation zone and the load-influenced zone. Experimental results demonstrated that the porosity of the collapsed rock mass within the goaf follows a negative logarithmic function along both the dip and strike directions, which was consistent with the theoretical calculations. Through in-situ grouting backfilling experiments on the ground, the feasibility of gangue slurry backfilling in the goaf was verified, and the process of interaction between gangue slurry and goaf voids was elaborated. This process generally involves three stages: initial flow, vertical upwelling, and horizontal diffusion, all of which are closely interconnected. Practical engineering applications of gangue slurry backfilling were carried out in the free accumulation zone and the load-influenced zone at the Huangling No. 2 coal mine. The successful validation of underground gangue slurry backfilling technology demonstrated its feasibility and the correctness of the theoretical approach. This research provides new evidence for environmentally friendly disposal of gangue materials.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Improved Breakdown Strength and Restrained Leakage Current of Sandwich Structure Ferroelectric Polymers Utilizing Ultra-Thin Al 2 O 3 Nanosheets

Yi Zeng / Hao Pan / Zhonghui Shen / Yang Shen / Zhifu Liu

Nanomaterials, Vol 13, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 2836

Abstract: Flexible capacity applications demand a large energy storage density and high breakdown electric field strength of flexible films. Here, P(VDF-HFP) with ultra-thin Al 2 O 3 nanosheet composite films were designed and fabricated through an electrospinning ...

Abstract	Flexible capacity applications demand a large energy storage density and high breakdown electric field strength of flexible films. Here, P(VDF-HFP) with ultra-thin Al 2 O 3 nanosheet composite films were designed and fabricated through an electrospinning process followed by hot-pressing into a sandwich structure. The results show that the insulating ultra-thin Al 2 O 3 nanosheets and the sandwich structure can enhance the composites’ breakdown strength (by 24.8%) and energy density (by 30.6%) compared to the P(VDF-HFP) polymer matrix. An energy storage density of 23.5 J/cm 3 at the ultrahigh breakdown strength of 740 kV/mm can be therefore realized. The insulating test and phase-field simulation results reveal that ultra-thin nanosheets insulating buffer layers can reduce the leakage current in composites; thus, it affects the electric field spatial distribution to enhance breakdown strength. Our research provides a feasible method to increase the breakdown strength of ferroelectric polymers, which is comparable to those of non-ferroelectric polymers.
Keywords	nanosheet ; Al 2 O 3 ; P(VDF-HFP) ; breakdown strength ; leakage ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comparison of Outcomes between Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic and Percutaneous Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Keyhole Surgeries

Dong Wang / Jinchao Xu / Chengyue Zhu / Wei Zhang / Hao Pan

Medicina, Vol 59, Iss 437, p

2023 Volume 437

Abstract: Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) and percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PE) keyhole surgeries. Methods : Patients diagnosed with ... ...

Abstract	Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) and percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PE) keyhole surgeries. Methods : Patients diagnosed with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) treated by UBE or PE keyhole surgery from May 2017 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The length of incision, fluoroscopic time, postoperative hospital stay, and total cost were compared. The clinical efficacy was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and modified MacNab criteria. Moreover, the C2-7 Cobb’s angle, range of motion (ROM), intervertebral height, vertebral horizontal displacement, and angular displacement of the surgical segment were measured. Results : A total of 154 patients were enrolled, including 89 patients in the UBE group and 65 patients in the PE group, with a follow-up period of 24–32 months. Compared with PE surgery, UBE surgery required shorter fluoroscopic times (6.76 ± 1.09 vs. 8.31 ± 1.10 s) and operation times (77.48 ± 17.37 vs. 84.92 ± 21.97 min) but led to higher total hospitalization costs and longer incisions. No significant differences were observed in the postoperative hospital stay, bleeding volume, VAS score, NDI score, effective rate, or complication rate between the UBE and PE groups. Both the C2-7 Cobb’s angle and ROM increased significantly after surgery, with no significant differences between groups. There were no significant differences between intervertebral height, vertebral horizontal displacement, and angular displacement of the surgical segment at different times. Conclusions : Both UBE and PE surgeries in the treatment of CSR were effective and similar after 24 months. The fluoroscopic and operation times of UBE were shorter than those of PE.
Keywords	unilateral biportal endoscopy ; full endoscopy ; posterior cervical foraminotomy ; cervical spondylotic radiculopathy ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Uncertainty Modeling of a Modified SEIR Epidemic Model for COVID-19

Yanjin Wang / Pei Wang / Shudao Zhang / Hao Pan

Biology, Vol 11, Iss 1157, p

2022 Volume 1157

Abstract: Based on SEIR (susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed) epidemic model, we propose a modified epidemic mathematical model to describe the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. Using public data, the uncertainty ... ...

Abstract	Based on SEIR (susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed) epidemic model, we propose a modified epidemic mathematical model to describe the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. Using public data, the uncertainty parameters of the proposed model for COVID-19 in Wuhan were calibrated. The uncertainty of the control basic reproduction number was studied with the posterior probability density function of the uncertainty model parameters. The mathematical model was used to inverse deduce the earliest start date of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan with consideration of the lack of information for the initial conditions of the model. The result of the uncertainty analysis of the model is in line with the observed data for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The numerical results show that the modified mathematical model could model the spread of COVID-19 epidemics.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; mathematical epidemic model ; SEIR ; uncertainty quantification ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Study on the Influence of Metal Substrates on Protective Performance of the Coating by EIS.

Gong, Jiyun / Wei, Han / Hao, Pan / Li, Shenghui / Zhao, Xuhui / Tang, Yuming / Zuo, Yu

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 17, Issue 2

Abstract: The degradation process of a red iron oxide epoxy coating on three kinds of metals under a periodic cycling exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution (45 °C 12 h + 25 °C 12 h) was comparatively studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier ... ...

Abstract	The degradation process of a red iron oxide epoxy coating on three kinds of metals under a periodic cycling exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution (45 °C 12 h + 25 °C 12 h) was comparatively studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The influence of the metal substrates (carbon steel, brass, and Al alloy) on the protection performance of the coating was analyzed using variations in the electrochemical and chemical parameters. The failure criteria of the coating were discussed. The results show that the coating on the three substrates presents different failure times, with the coating on steel presenting the shortest time and the coating on Al alloy the longest time. The characteristics of metal substrates and their corrosion products influence the coating failure behavior. The corrosion products with loose and hygroscopic properties of steel and brass have promoting effects on the diffusion of water through the coating. The passive film of the Al alloy substrate and the formation of salt film containing Cl
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma17020378
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ponicidin Treatment Improved the Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Calcium Mineralization on the Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Cells.

Zhang, Yan / Hao, Pan / Li, Huilian / Miao, Bo

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

2022 Volume 194, Issue 9, Page(s) 3860–3870

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a general bone-related ailment characterized by reduced bone density and quality, elevated bone fragility, and fractures. It was reported that both aged men and women has an increased risks of osteoporosis. The current research work ... ...

Abstract	Osteoporosis is a general bone-related ailment characterized by reduced bone density and quality, elevated bone fragility, and fractures. It was reported that both aged men and women has an increased risks of osteoporosis. The current research work focused to unveil the beneficial roles of ponicidin treatment in the proliferation and calcium deposition on the osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The effect of 5 and 10 µg/ml of ponicidin on the cell proliferation was assessed. The viability of ponicidin-supplemented MG-63 cells was inspected by MTT test. The contents of osteocalcin, collagen, and ALP activity in the ponicidin administered cells were assessed by kits. The level of calcium mineralization was examined by ARS staining technique. The ponicidin treatment remarkably improved the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The ponicidin did not affect the MG-63 cells viability but promoted its viability 24- and 48-h treatment. The contents of osteocalcin, collagen, and ALP activity in the 5 and 10 µg/ml of ponicidin-supplemented MG-63 cells were found increased than the control cells. The ponicidin also increased the level of calcium deposition in MG-63 cells, which is assessed by ARS staining. In conclusion, it was clear that ponicidin improved the proliferation and calcium mineralization in a MG-63 cells. Therefore, it was clear that ponicidin has helpful roles on the new bone development as a hopeful therapeutic candidate to treat the bone-related disease like osteoporosis.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen/pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Osteocalcin/pharmacology ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Diterpenes ; Osteocalcin (104982-03-8) ; ponicidin (52617-37-5) ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	1559-0291 ; 0273-2289
ISSN (online)	1559-0291
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-03927-3
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Article ; Online: Enhanced tumor inhibiting effect of 131I-BDI-1-based radioimmunotherapy and cytosine deaminase gene therapy modulated by a radio-sensitive promoter in nude mice bearing bladder cancer.

Hao, Pan / Zhang, Chunli / Ma, Huan / Wang, Rongfu

Journal of radiation research

2022 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–90

Abstract: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has great potential in cancer therapy. However, its efficacy in numerous tumors is restricted due to myelotoxicity, thereby limiting the dose of radionuclide. To increase tumor radiosensitivity, we incorporated the recombinant ... ...

Abstract	Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has great potential in cancer therapy. However, its efficacy in numerous tumors is restricted due to myelotoxicity, thereby limiting the dose of radionuclide. To increase tumor radiosensitivity, we incorporated the recombinant lentivirus into the EJ cells (bladder cancer [BC] cells), and examined the combined anti-tumor effects of RIT with 131I-BDI-1(131I-monoclonal antibody against human BC-1) and gene therapy (GT). The recombinant lentivirus was constructed and packed. The animal xenograft model was built and when the tumor reached about 0.5 cm in diameter, the mice were randomly separated into four groups: (1) RIT + GT: the xenografts were continuously incorporated with the recombinant lentivirus for two days. And 7.4 MBq 131I-BDI-1 was IV-injected, and 10 mg prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (FC) was IV-injected for 7 days, (2) RIT: same dose of 131I-BDI-1 as the previous group mice, (3) GT: same as the first group, except no 131I-BDI-1, and (4) Untreated. Compute tumor volumes in all groups. After 28 days the mice were euthanized and the tumors were extracted and weighed, and the inhibition rate was computed. The RIT + GT mice, followed by the RIT mice, exhibited markedly slower tumor growth, compared to the control mice. The tumor size was comparable between the GT and control mice. The tumor inhibition rates after 28 days of incubation were 42.85 ± 0.23%, 27.92 ± 0.21% and 0.57 ± 0.11% for the four groups, respectively. In conclusion, RIT, combined with GT, suppressed tumor development more effectively than RIT or GT alone. This data highlights the potent additive effect of radioimmune and gene therapeutic interventions against cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Cytosine Deaminase/genetics ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Mice, Nude ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Chemical Substances	Cytosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Iodine-131
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	603983-2
ISSN	1349-9157 ; 0449-3060
ISSN (online)	1349-9157
ISSN	0449-3060
DOI	10.1093/jrr/rrac075
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Article: Ponicidin Treatment Improved the Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Calcium Mineralization on the Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Cells

Zhang, Yan / Hao, Pan / Li, Huilian / Miao, Bo

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2022 Sept., v. 194, no. 9

2022

Abstract	Osteoporosis is a general bone-related ailment characterized by reduced bone density and quality, elevated bone fragility, and fractures. It was reported that both aged men and women has an increased risks of osteoporosis. The current research work focused to unveil the beneficial roles of ponicidin treatment in the proliferation and calcium deposition on the osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The effect of 5 and 10 µg/ml of ponicidin on the cell proliferation was assessed. The viability of ponicidin-supplemented MG-63 cells was inspected by MTT test. The contents of osteocalcin, collagen, and ALP activity in the ponicidin administered cells were assessed by kits. The level of calcium mineralization was examined by ARS staining technique. The ponicidin treatment remarkably improved the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The ponicidin did not affect the MG-63 cells viability but promoted its viability 24- and 48-h treatment. The contents of osteocalcin, collagen, and ALP activity in the 5 and 10 µg/ml of ponicidin-supplemented MG-63 cells were found increased than the control cells. The ponicidin also increased the level of calcium deposition in MG-63 cells, which is assessed by ARS staining. In conclusion, it was clear that ponicidin improved the proliferation and calcium mineralization in a MG-63 cells. Therefore, it was clear that ponicidin has helpful roles on the new bone development as a hopeful therapeutic candidate to treat the bone-related disease like osteoporosis.
Keywords	biotechnology ; bone density ; calcium ; cell proliferation ; collagen ; mineralization ; osteocalcin ; osteoporosis ; skeletal development ; therapeutics ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 3860-3870.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	0273-2289
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-03927-3
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Article ; Online: Cycle Generative Adversarial Network Based on Gradient Normalization for Infrared Image Generation

Xing Yi / Hao Pan / Huaici Zhao / Pengfei Liu / Canyu Zhang / Junpeng Wang / Hao Wang

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, p

2023 Volume 635

Abstract: Image generation technology is currently one of the popular directions in computer vision research, especially regarding infrared imaging, bearing critical applications in the military field. Existing algorithms for generating infrared images from ... ...

Abstract	Image generation technology is currently one of the popular directions in computer vision research, especially regarding infrared imaging, bearing critical applications in the military field. Existing algorithms for generating infrared images from visible images are usually weak in perceiving the salient regions of images and cannot effectively highlight the ability to generate texture details in infrared images, resulting in less texture details and poorer generated image quality. In this study, a cycle generative adversarial network method based on gradient normalization was proposed to address the current problems of poor infrared image generation, lack of texture detail and unstable models. First, to address the problem of limited feature extraction capability of the UNet generator network that makes the generated IR images blurred and of low quality, the use of the residual network with better feature extraction capability in the generator was employed to make the generated infrared images highly defined. Secondly, in order to solve issues concerning severe lack of detailed information in the generated infrared images, channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms were introduced into the ResNet with the attention mechanism used to weight the generated infrared image features in order to enhance feature perception of the prominent regions of the image, helping to generate image details. Finally, to tackle the problem where the current training models of adversarial generator networks are insufficiently stable, which leads to easy collapse of the model, a gradient normalization module was introduced in the discriminator network to stabilize the model and render it less prone to collapse during the training process. The experimental results on several datasets showed that the proposed method obtained satisfactory data in terms of objective evaluation metrics. Compared with the cycle generative adversarial network method, the proposed method in this work exhibited significant improvement in data validity ...
Keywords	cycle generative adversarial networks ; spatial attention ; channel attention ; gradient normalization ; residual networks ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	004
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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