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Article ; Online: New sustainable antimicrobial chitosan hydrogels based on sulfonamides and its nanocomposites: Fabrication and characterization.

Kandile, Nadia G / Elzamly, Rana A / Mohamed, Mansoura I / Zaky, Howida T / Harding, David R K / Mohamed, Hemat M

International journal of biological macromolecules

2023 Volume 239, Page(s) 124280

Abstract: Chitosan (Ch), a linear cationic biopolymer, has broad medical applications. In this paper, new sustainable hydrogels (Ch-3, Ch- ... ...

Abstract	Chitosan (Ch), a linear cationic biopolymer, has broad medical applications. In this paper, new sustainable hydrogels (Ch-3, Ch-5
MeSH term(s)	Chitosan/chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Hydrogels/chemistry ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Sulfanilamide ; Nanocomposites/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Hydrogels ; Sulfonamides ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Sulfanilamide (21240MF57M) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124280
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Zs.B 2374: Show issues

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Article: Sustained-Release Injectable Hydrogel Formulations for Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Broiler Chickens

Booty, Samuel J / Harding, David R. K / Whitby, Catherine P / Gater, Margaret / Chambers, Paul / Singh, Preet M

Journal of avian medicine and surgery. 2018 Dec., v. 32, no. 4

2018

Abstract: We developed injectable hydrogels for the slow release of analgesic drugs in birds as an in vivo model of pharmacokinetics in wild avian species. Hydrogels loaded with sodium salicylate (NaSA) were injected subcutaneously in Ross broiler chickens. The ... ...

Abstract	We developed injectable hydrogels for the slow release of analgesic drugs in birds as an in vivo model of pharmacokinetics in wild avian species. Hydrogels loaded with sodium salicylate (NaSA) were injected subcutaneously in Ross broiler chickens. The hydrogels were made by dissolving sodium alginate and NaSA in water at 2 different concentrations (low, LALG; high, HALG) and then adding calcium chloride. In vitro drug release studies were performed by swelling the hydrogels in water and analyzing serial samples by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Dried hydrogel films of the same formulations of the two alginate concentrations then were dissolved in sterile water for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study conducted in 18 chickens divided into 3 groups of 6 birds. Each of the 2 resultant NaSA hydrogel solutions were filtered with 0.2-μm syringe filters before injecting at a NaSA dose of 150 mg/kg SC in the respective LALG or HALG groups. The control group was injected SC with the same dose of NaSA dissolved in water. Pharmacokinetics parameters calculated by the compartmental and noncompartmental approaches were compared among the 3 groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of in vitro studies showed that both hydrogels released 80% of the drug during the first 3.5 hours. Results of the pharmacokinetic study indicated that NaSA concentrations remained above the minimum effective concentration (MEC) for analgesia in humans for 24 ± 8.9 (LALG) to 26 ± 4 (HALG) hours for the hydrogel formulations compared to 10 ± 5.6 hours for the aqueous formulation. These hydrogel formulations may have potential in providing long-term analgesia in avian species, but need further evaluation with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling studies.
Keywords	analgesia ; analgesics ; broiler chickens ; calcium chloride ; filters ; hydrogels ; in vitro studies ; models ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; sodium alginate ; sodium salicylate ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 294-300.
Publishing place	Association of Avian Veterinarians
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2174190-6
ISSN	1938-2871 ; 1082-6742
ISSN (online)	1938-2871
ISSN	1082-6742
DOI	10.1647/2017-303
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Article: Sustained-Release Injectable Hydrogel Formulations for Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Broiler Chickens

Booty, Samuel J / Harding, David R. K / Whitby, Catherine P / Gater, Margaret / Chambers, Paul / Singh, Preet M

Journal of avian medicine and surgery. 2018 Dec., v. 32, no. 4

2018

Abstract	We developed injectable hydrogels for the slow release of analgesic drugs in birds as an in vivo model of pharmacokinetics in wild avian species. Hydrogels loaded with sodium salicylate (NaSA) were injected subcutaneously in Ross broiler chickens. The hydrogels were made by dissolving sodium alginate and NaSA in water at 2 different concentrations (low, LALG; high, HALG) and then adding calcium chloride. In vitro drug release studies were performed by swelling the hydrogels in water and analyzing serial samples by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Dried hydrogel films of the same formulations of the two alginate concentrations then were dissolved in sterile water for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study conducted in 18 chickens divided into 3 groups of 6 birds. Each of the 2 resultant NaSA hydrogel solutions were filtered with 0.2-μm syringe filters before injecting at a NaSA dose of 150 mg/kg SC in the respective LALG or HALG groups. The control group was injected SC with the same dose of NaSA dissolved in water. Pharmacokinetics parameters calculated by the compartmental and noncompartmental approaches were compared among the 3 groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of in vitro studies showed that both hydrogels released 80% of the drug during the first 3.5 hours. Results of the pharmacokinetic study indicated that NaSA concentrations remained above the minimum effective concentration (MEC) for analgesia in humans for 24 ± 8.9 (LALG) to 26 ± 4 (HALG) hours for the hydrogel formulations compared to 10 ± 5.6 hours for the aqueous formulation. These hydrogel formulations may have potential in providing long-term analgesia in avian species, but need further evaluation with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling studies.
Keywords	analgesia ; analgesics ; broiler chickens ; calcium chloride ; filters ; hydrogels ; in vitro studies ; models ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; sodium alginate ; sodium salicylate ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 294-300.
Publishing place	Association of Avian Veterinarians
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2174190-6
ISSN	1938-2871 ; 1082-6742
ISSN (online)	1938-2871
ISSN	1082-6742
DOI	10.1647/2018-294
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Article: Sustained-Release Injectable Hydrogel Formulations for Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Broiler Chickens.

Booty, Samuel J / Harding, David R K / Whitby, Catherine P / Gater, Margaret / Chambers, Paul / Singh, Preet M

Journal of avian medicine and surgery

2019 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 294–300

Abstract	We developed injectable hydrogels for the slow release of analgesic drugs in birds as an in vivo model of pharmacokinetics in wild avian species. Hydrogels loaded with sodium salicylate (NaSA) were injected subcutaneously in Ross broiler chickens. The hydrogels were made by dissolving sodium alginate and NaSA in water at 2 different concentrations (low, LALG; high, HALG) and then adding calcium chloride. In vitro drug release studies were performed by swelling the hydrogels in water and analyzing serial samples by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Dried hydrogel films of the same formulations of the two alginate concentrations then were dissolved in sterile water for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study conducted in 18 chickens divided into 3 groups of 6 birds. Each of the 2 resultant NaSA hydrogel solutions were filtered with 0.2-µm syringe filters before injecting at a NaSA dose of 150 mg/kg SC in the respective LALG or HALG groups. The control group was injected SC with the same dose of NaSA dissolved in water. Pharmacokinetics parameters calculated by the compartmental and noncompartmental approaches were compared among the 3 groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of in vitro studies showed that both hydrogels released 80% of the drug during the first 3.5 hours. Results of the pharmacokinetic study indicated that NaSA concentrations remained above the minimum effective concentration (MEC) for analgesia in humans for 24 ± 8.9 (LALG) to 26 ± 4 (HALG) hours for the hydrogel formulations compared to 10 ± 5.6 hours for the aqueous formulation. These hydrogel formulations may have potential in providing long-term analgesia in avian species, but need further evaluation with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling studies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/blood ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics ; Chickens/metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Liberation ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Sodium Salicylate/administration & dosage ; Sodium Salicylate/blood ; Sodium Salicylate/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Hydrogels ; Sodium Salicylate (WIQ1H85SYP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174190-6
ISSN	1938-2871 ; 1082-6742
ISSN (online)	1938-2871
ISSN	1082-6742
DOI	10.1647/2017-303
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Article ; Online: Chitosan-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Controlled Drug Delivery to the Temporomandibular Joint.

Talaat, Wael M / Haider, Mohamed / Kawas, Sausan Al / Kandil, Nadia G / Harding, David R K

The Journal of craniofacial surgery

2016 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 735–740

Abstract: Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroids have been extensively used in treating temporomandibular disorders. However, rapid clearance from the site of injection is a major concern that is commonly managed by frequent dosing, ...

Abstract	Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroids have been extensively used in treating temporomandibular disorders. However, rapid clearance from the site of injection is a major concern that is commonly managed by frequent dosing, which is not without complications. This study aimed to determine the suitability of thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels for intra-articular controlled release of drugs in the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A series of hydrogels were prepared using different chitosan (Ch) to β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) ratios. The gelation time, swelling ratio, the shape, and surface morphology of the prepared gels were investigated to select the formulation with optimum characteristics. The left TMJ in 13 adult male New Zealand white rabbits was injected with 0.2 mL of Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/HA while the right TMJ was injected with 0.2 mL of control solution of HA. Hyaluronic acid concentrations in experimental and control groups were measured using Hyaluronan Quantikine Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. In vitro characterization showed that both the Ch:β-GP ratio and incorporation of HA had a significant effect on gelation time, degree of swelling, and surface morphology of the hydrogels. No morphological changes were observed in the joints in both groups. The mean concentration of HA in the experimental joints after 7 days (1339.79 ± 244.98 μg/g) was significantly higher than that in the control (474.52 ± 79.36 μg/g). In conclusion, the chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel can be considered as a promising controlled drug release system to the TMJ in a rabbit model that would potentially overcome many of the current limitations of intra-articular formulations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chitosan/administration & dosage ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glycerophosphates ; Hydrogels/administration & dosage ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits ; Temperature ; Temporomandibular Joint/drug effects ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Delayed-Action Preparations ; Glycerophosphates ; Hydrogels ; Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; beta-glycerophosphoric acid (WWH06G87W6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159501-2
ISSN	1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
ISSN (online)	1536-3732
ISSN	1049-2275
DOI	10.1097/SCS.0000000000002588
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Zs.A 3761: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Nanoscale Thermosensitive Hydrogel Scaffolds Promote the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Cartilage Regeneration.

Talaat, Wael / Aryal Ac, Smriti / Al Kawas, Sausan / Samsudin, A B Rani / Kandile, Nadia G / Harding, David R K / Ghoneim, Mohamed M / Zeiada, Waleed / Jagal, Jayalakshmi / Aboelnaga, Ahmed / Haider, Mohamed

International journal of nanomedicine

2020 Volume 15, Page(s) 7775–7789

Abstract: Purpose: Several scaffolds and cell sources are being investigated for cartilage regeneration. The aim of the study was to prepare nanocellulose-based thermosensitive injectable hydrogel scaffolds and assess their potential as 3D scaffolds allowing the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Several scaffolds and cell sources are being investigated for cartilage regeneration. The aim of the study was to prepare nanocellulose-based thermosensitive injectable hydrogel scaffolds and assess their potential as 3D scaffolds allowing the chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human dental pulp stem and progenitor cells (hDPSCs). Materials and methods: The hydrogel-forming solutions were prepared by adding β-glycerophosphate (GP) to chitosan (CS) at different ratios. Nanocellulose (NC) suspension was produced from hemp hurd then added dropwise to the CS/GP mixture. In vitro characterization of the prepared hydrogels involved optimizing gelation and degradation time, mass-swelling ratio, and rheological properties. The hydrogel with optimal characteristics, NC-CS/GP-21, was selected for further investigation including assessment of biocompatibility. The chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel was investigated in vitro and compared to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), then was confirmed in vivo in 12 adult Sprague Dawley rats. Results: The selected hydrogel showed stability in culture media, had a gelation time of 2.8 minutes, showed a highly porous microstructure by scanning electron microscope, and was morphologically intact in vivo for 14 days after injection. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses and real-time PCR confirmed the chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel. Conclusion: Our results suggest that nanocellulose-chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel is a biocompatible, injectable, mechanically stable and slowly degradable scaffold. hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel is a promising, minimally invasive, stem cell-based strategy for cartilage regeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology ; Cartilage/cytology ; Cartilage/drug effects ; Cartilage/physiology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cellulose/chemistry ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Chondrogenesis/drug effects ; Dental Pulp/cytology ; Humans ; Hydrogels/chemistry ; Hydrogels/pharmacology ; Porosity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration/drug effects ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/drug effects ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials ; Hydrogels ; Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2364941-0
ISSN	1178-2013 ; 1176-9114
ISSN (online)	1178-2013
ISSN	1176-9114
DOI	10.2147/IJN.S274418
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Zs.A 6606: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Improved Fmoc synthesis of bradykinin.

Stephenson, Rachel J / Plieger, Paul G / Harding, David R K

Protein and peptide letters

2011 Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) 952–955

Abstract: Two arginine side-chain protecting groups, N(G)-4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzensulfonyl group (Mtr) and N(G)-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl (Pmc), have been investigated at both the Arg(1) and/or Arg(9) position of the bioactive peptide, ... ...

Abstract	Two arginine side-chain protecting groups, N(G)-4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzensulfonyl group (Mtr) and N(G)-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl (Pmc), have been investigated at both the Arg(1) and/or Arg(9) position of the bioactive peptide, Bradykinin using Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. A more efficient synthesis of the peptide has been found when a combination of Arg(Mtr) is present at position 1 and Arg(Pmc) is present at position 9 giving a cleaved pure yield of 52%.
MeSH term(s)	Bradykinin/chemical synthesis ; Fluorenes/chemistry ; Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques/methods ; Vasodilator Agents/chemical synthesis
Chemical Substances	Fluorenes ; Vasodilator Agents ; Bradykinin (S8TIM42R2W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-03-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1280776-x
ISSN	1875-5305 ; 0929-8665
ISSN (online)	1875-5305
ISSN	0929-8665
DOI	10.2174/092986611796011509
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Zs.A 4452: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Fixed-bed column studies on a modified chitosan hydrogel for detoxification of aqueous solutions from copper (II).

Kavianinia, Iman / Plieger, Paul G / Kandile, Nadia G / Harding, David R K

Carbohydrate polymers

2012 Volume 90, Issue 2, Page(s) 875–886

Abstract: A new efficient, low cost chitosan based biosorbent was successfully prepared and employed for the biosorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using a fixed bed column. Pyromellitic dianhydride crosslinked chitosan as the new adsorbent was ... ...

Abstract	A new efficient, low cost chitosan based biosorbent was successfully prepared and employed for the biosorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using a fixed bed column. Pyromellitic dianhydride crosslinked chitosan as the new adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and solid state (13)C NMR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with an X-ray energy dispersed analysis for the copper-equilibrated biomass confirmed the presence of Cu(II) ions on the surface of the hydrogel. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the new hydrogel compared to pure chitosan. Kinetic models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves. This study shows that the prepared hydrogel based on modified chitosan could be utilized as an efficient bioadsorbent for the removal of copper ions from wastewater.
MeSH term(s)	Chitosan/chemistry ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Copper/chemistry ; Copper/isolation & purification ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate/chemistry ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate/pharmacology ; Ions/chemistry ; Ions/isolation & purification ; Models, Biological ; Osmolar Concentration ; Solutions/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Waste Water/chemistry ; Water/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification ; Water Pollution, Chemical ; Water Purification/instrumentation ; Water Purification/methods
Chemical Substances	Ions ; Solutions ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (25852-47-5) ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1501516-6
ISSN	1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
ISSN (online)	1879-1344
ISSN	0144-8617
DOI	10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.014
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Article ; Online: Condensed tannins and flavonoids from the forage legume sulla (Hedysarum coronarium).

Tibe, Olekile / Meagher, Lucy P / Fraser, Karl / Harding, David R K

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2011 Volume 59, Issue 17, Page(s) 9402–9409

Abstract: The condensed tannin concentrations and composition and the characterization of the phenolic constituents in the leaves of the forage legume sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), a biennial forage legume found in temperate agricultural regions, were studied. The ...

Abstract	The condensed tannin concentrations and composition and the characterization of the phenolic constituents in the leaves of the forage legume sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), a biennial forage legume found in temperate agricultural regions, were studied. The colorimetric butanol-HCl assay was used for the quantitation of the seasonal condensed tannin concentrations in the leaves of sulla. Fractionation of extracts on Sephadex LH-20 using step elution with aqueous methanol, followed with aqueous acetone or gradient elution with water, aqueous methanol, and aqueous acetone, gave condensed tannin and flavonoid fractions. The chemical characteristics of the purified condensed tannin fractions were studied by acid-catalyzed degradation with benzyl mercaptan and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Thiolysis revealed that epigallocatechin was the major extender unit (15-75%) while gallocatechin was the major terminal unit (50-66%), thus indicating the extractable sulla condensed tannin fraction as the prodelphinidin type. Condensed tannin oligomers to polymers obtained from Sephadex LH-20 gradient fractions ranged between 2.9 and 46 mDP. The homo- and heterogeneous oligomer ions in condensed tannin gradient fractions detected by ESI-MS ranged from 2 to 10 DP and are consistent with the values obtained by thiolysis (2.9-6.9 DP). Lower molecular weight phenolics, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, were characterized by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI/MS) and ESI/MS/MS on a linear ion trap. The flavonoids extracted with aqueous acetone and methanol from sulla leaves and identified included kaempferol, rutin, quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-glucosylrhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside-dirhamnoside, genistein-7-O-β-D-glucosyl-6″-O-malonate, formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-malonate, and afrormosin and the phenolic acid chlorogenic acid.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fabaceae ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins/analysis ; Seasons ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Flavonoids ; Proanthocyanidins
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/jf2014759
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Zs.A 1172: Show issues

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Article ; Online: New hydrogels based on symmetrical aromatic anhydrides: Synthesis, characterization and metal ion adsorption evaluation.

Kavianinia, Iman / Plieger, Paul G / Kandile, Nadia G / Harding, David R K

Carbohydrate polymers

2011 Volume 87, Issue 1, Page(s) 881–893

Abstract: Unsatisfactory mechanical properties, poor heat resistance, dissolution in acidic media and high swelling ratios limit using chitosan as an adsorbent in industry. In this study, we used dianhydride derivatives famous for their exceptional mechanical and ... ...

Abstract	Unsatisfactory mechanical properties, poor heat resistance, dissolution in acidic media and high swelling ratios limit using chitosan as an adsorbent in industry. In this study, we used dianhydride derivatives famous for their exceptional mechanical and thermal characteristics and low water absorption. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (FDA) were utilised as crosslinking agents. Use of common crosslinking agents usually decreases the metal uptake capacity of chitosan. These novel crosslinking agents increased the metal uptake from 1.8 (ODPA/Cu
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1501516-6
ISSN	1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
ISSN (online)	1879-1344
ISSN	0144-8617
DOI	10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.076
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