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  1. Article ; Online: Rehabilitation of Infant Oral Feeding Difficulties: A Survey of Occupational Therapists Practice Approaches.

    Hardy, Caitlin / Senese, Jessica / Fucile, Sandra

    Occupational therapy in health care

    2018  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–27

    Abstract: This study identifies the scope of occupational therapy practice for the rehabilitation of oral feeding difficulties in infants who are in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A written survey was administered to 127 occupational therapists who work ... ...

    Abstract This study identifies the scope of occupational therapy practice for the rehabilitation of oral feeding difficulties in infants who are in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A written survey was administered to 127 occupational therapists who work with infants in the NICU. All 68 (54%) respondents used a client-centered approach, taking into consideration the infant (intrinsic), caregiver, and environmental (extrinsic) factors. Family and health team education was the most commonly provided service with the majority of occupational therapists providing services only until feeding problems were resolved. Continuing education (n = 20, 30%) and own clinical experience (n = 22, 33%) were the two most common justifications to support their choice of practice. These results suggest a client-centered approach in the rehabilitation of oral feeding difficulties is commonly used, but services are not extended beyond hospitalization. Few occupational therapists used peer-reviewed journals as sources of evidence for their practice strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Health Surveys ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods ; Occupational Therapy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639184-9
    ISSN 1541-3098 ; 0738-0577
    ISSN (online) 1541-3098
    ISSN 0738-0577
    DOI 10.1080/07380577.2017.1419398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Added Value of Dedicated Spine CT to Detect Fracture in Patients with CT Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis in the Trauma Setting.

    Hardy, Caitlin / Hazelton, Joshua P / Gefen, Ron

    Current problems in diagnostic radiology

    2018  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 554–557

    Abstract: Purpose: Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine account for up to 90% of spinal fractures, and are associated with significant disability. The advantage of acquiring dedicated spine CT imaging in addition to visceral CT studies of the chest, abdomen and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine account for up to 90% of spinal fractures, and are associated with significant disability. The advantage of acquiring dedicated spine CT imaging in addition to visceral CT studies of the chest, abdomen and pelvis for detection of spinal fractures has not been definitively established. This retrospective study seeks to determine the contribution of dedicated spine CT in the acute clinical setting.
    Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine at our institution between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2014 were identified. Additional inclusion criteria included having a CT of the chest and/or abdomen and pelvis followed by a dedicated thoracic or lumbar spine CT within 30 days. Reports were reviewed for accuracy of fracture detection, and missed fractures were retrospectively analyzed on images for detectability.
    Results: A total of 102 patients met our inclusion criteria for a total of 312 fractures. Of the 312 fractures, 31 (10%) were missed on the initial visceral CT in 18 of the 102 patients. In all but two cases, at least one fracture was identified on the visceral spine CT. There were no cases in which the newly identified fractures changed patient management.
    Conclusion: All fractures requiring surgical intervention were identified on the visceral CT. A dedicated spine CT does detect additional spine fractures but does not clearly alter patient management.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Pelvis/injuries ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 198954-6
    ISSN 1535-6302 ; 0363-0188
    ISSN (online) 1535-6302
    ISSN 0363-0188
    DOI 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2018.08.002
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  3. Article ; Online: Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy used to distinguish anterior cingulate metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.

    Hardy, Caitlin J / Tal, Assaf / Babb, James S / Perry, Nissa N / Messinger, Julie W / Antonius, Daniel / Malaspina, Dolores / Gonen, Oded

    Radiology

    2011  Volume 261, Issue 2, Page(s) 542–550

    Abstract: Purpose: To test the hypothesis that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) subregions in patients with schizophrenia are metabolically different from those in healthy control subjects.: Materials and methods: This institutional review board-approved study ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To test the hypothesis that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) subregions in patients with schizophrenia are metabolically different from those in healthy control subjects.
    Materials and methods: This institutional review board-approved study was HIPAA compliant, and all participants provided written informed consent. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia (13 male, nine female; 39.4 years ± 10.6 [standard deviation]) and 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects (seven male, four female; 35.5 years ± 10.7) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three-dimensional 3-T voxel proton MR spectroscopy to measure absolute rostral and caudal ACC N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) concentrations. Exact Mann-Whitney test was used to compare patient data with control data, paired-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare subregions within groups, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of schizophrenia.
    Results: There were no significant metabolic differences between patients and control subjects or between ACC subregions in control subjects. In patients, rostral ACC NAA and Cr concentrations were significantly lower than those in caudal ACC (6.2 mM ± 1.3 vs 7.1 mM ± 1.3, P < .01; 5.7 mmol/L ± 1.4 vs 6.3 mmol/L ± 1.6, P < .01; respectively); however, this did not hold true for Cho concentrations (1.7 mmol/L ± 0.5 vs 1.8 mmol/L ± 0.5). For individual differences between caudal and rostral measurements, only NAA in patients was different from that in control subjects (0.9 mmol/L ± 1.3 vs -0.1 mmol/L ± 0.5, P < .01), enabling prediction of schizophrenia with 68% sensitivity and 91% specificity, for a difference of more than 0.4.
    Conclusion: Significant differences between caudal and rostral NAA concentration are found in ACC of patients with schizophrenia but not in ACC of healthy control subjects, indicating that neuronal density or integrity differences between ACC subregions may be characteristic of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Choline/metabolism ; Creatine/metabolism ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Male ; Protons ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Protons ; Aspartic Acid (30KYC7MIAI) ; N-acetylaspartate (997-55-7) ; Creatine (MU72812GK0) ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80324-8
    ISSN 1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
    ISSN (online) 1527-1315
    ISSN 0033-8419
    DOI 10.1148/radiol.11110675
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  4. Article ; Online: In vivo 7 Tesla imaging of the dentate granule cell layer in schizophrenia.

    Kirov, Ivan I / Hardy, Caitlin J / Matsuda, Kant / Messinger, Julie / Cankurtaran, Ceylan Z / Warren, Melina / Wiggins, Graham C / Perry, Nissa N / Babb, James S / Goetz, Raymond R / George, Ajax / Malaspina, Dolores / Gonen, Oded

    Schizophrenia research

    2013  Volume 147, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 362–367

    Abstract: Purpose: The hippocampus is central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Histology shows abnormalities in the dentate granule cell layer (DGCL), but its small size (~100 μm thickness) has precluded in vivo human studies. We used ultra high field ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The hippocampus is central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Histology shows abnormalities in the dentate granule cell layer (DGCL), but its small size (~100 μm thickness) has precluded in vivo human studies. We used ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare DGCL morphology of schizophrenic patients to matched controls.
    Method: Bilateral hippocampi of 16 schizophrenia patients (10 male) 40.7 ± 10.6 years old (mean ± standard deviation) were imaged at 7 Tesla MRI with heavily T₂*-weighted gradient-echo sequence at 232 μm in-plane resolution (0.08 μL image voxels). Fifteen matched controls (8 male, 35.6 ± 9.4 years old) and one ex vivo post mortem hippocampus (that also underwent histopathology) were scanned with same protocol. Three blinded neuroradiologists rated each DGCL on a qualitative scale of 1 to 6 (from "not discernible" to "easily visible, appearing dark gray or black") and mean left and right DGCL scores were compared using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.
    Results: MRI identification of the DGCL was validated with histopathology. Mean right and left DGCL ratings in patients (3.2 ± 1.0 and 3.5 ± 1.2) were not statistically different from those of controls (3.9 ± 1.1 and 3.8 ± 0.8), but patients had a trend for lower right DGCL score (p = 0.07), which was significantly associated with patient diagnosis (p = 0.05). The optimal 48% sensitivity and 80% specificity for schizophrenia were achieved with a DGCL rating of ≤2.
    Conclusion: Decreased contrast in the right DGCL in schizophrenia was predictive of schizophrenia diagnosis. Better utility of this metric as a schizophrenia biomarker may be achieved in future studies of patients with homogeneous disease subtypes and progression rates.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Dentate Gyrus/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.020
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    Zs.A 2351: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Olfactory acuity is associated with mood and function in a pilot study of stable bipolar disorder patients.

    Hardy, Caitlin / Rosedale, Mary / Messinger, Julie W / Kleinhaus, Karine / Aujero, Nicole / Silva, Hanna / Goetz, Raymond R / Goetz, Deborah / Harkavy-Friedman, Jill / Malaspina, Dolores

    Bipolar disorders

    2012  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–117

    Abstract: Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is described in several neuropsychiatric disorders but there is little research on olfactory processing in bipolar disorder.: Methods: We assessed odor detection threshold (sensitivity) and smell identification test ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is described in several neuropsychiatric disorders but there is little research on olfactory processing in bipolar disorder.
    Methods: We assessed odor detection threshold (sensitivity) and smell identification test scores, along with symptoms, cognition, and social function in 20 DSM-IV bipolar disorder patients and 44 control subjects.
    Results: The patient and control groups had similar demographic measures, intelligence, and mean olfaction scores, but significantly differed in social domains, including adjustment, function, and anxiety. Odor detection sensitivity showed significantly opposite correlations for the depressive and manic mood domains in bipolar disorder (r to z = 2.83, p = 0.005). Depressive symptoms were related to increased sensitivity (the ability to detect odors at a lower concentration) and mania symptoms were related to decreased sensitivity for odor detection. Increased sensitivity for odor detection also predicted significantly better employment (r = -0.642, p = 0.024), whereas less sensitivity was associated with social avoidance (r = 0.702, p =0.024) and social fear (r = 0.610, p = 0.046).
    Conclusions: Diminished odor detection sensitivity predicted mania and social avoidance, whereas more sensitive odor detection predicted more depressive symptoms but better employment functioning in bipolar disorder patients. Odor acuity may be an illness state marker of mood syndromes in bipolar disorder. Alternatively, differences in odor acuity may identify heterogeneous subgroups within the bipolar spectrum. Longitudinal assessments in a large, sex-stratified sample are needed to understand the implications of odor sensitivity in patients with bipolar disorder.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Affect ; Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Pilot Projects ; Sensory Thresholds ; Smell ; Social Adjustment ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-13
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1472242-2
    ISSN 1399-5618 ; 1398-5647
    ISSN (online) 1399-5618
    ISSN 1398-5647
    DOI 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00986.x
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  6. Article: Potential signal to accommodation from the Stiles-Crawford effect and ocular monochromatic aberrations.

    Stark, Lawrence R / Kruger, Philip B / Rucker, Frances J / Swanson, William H / Schmidt, Nathan / Hardy, Caitlin / Rutman, Hadassa / Borgovan, Theodore / Burke, Sean / Badar, Mustanser / Shah, Raj

    Journal of modern optics

    2010  Volume 56, Issue 20, Page(s) 2203–2216

    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine if cues within the blurred retinal image due to the Stiles-Crawford (SC) effect and the eye's monochromatic aberrations can drive accommodation with a small pupil (3 mm) that is typical of bright photopic ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine if cues within the blurred retinal image due to the Stiles-Crawford (SC) effect and the eye's monochromatic aberrations can drive accommodation with a small pupil (3 mm) that is typical of bright photopic conditions.The foveal, psychophysical SC function (17 min arc) and ocular monochromatic aberrations were measured in 21 visually normal adults. The retinal image of a 10.2 min arc disc was simulated for spherical defocus levels of -1 D, 0 D and +1 D in each of four conditions consisting of combinations of the presence or absence of the individual SC function and monochromatic aberrations with a 3 mm pupil. Accommodation was recorded in eleven participants as each viewed the simulations through a 0.75-mm pinhole.The SC effect alone did not provide a significant cue to accommodation. Monochromatic aberrations provided a statistically significant but rather small cue to monocular accommodation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0950-0340
    ISSN 0950-0340
    DOI 10.1080/09500340903184295
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