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Article ; Online: Effects of distance flown on pilot decision making in continued flight into deteriorating weather conditions.

O'Hare, David

2023 Volume 88, Page(s) 336–343

Abstract: Introduction: Continuing flight into adverse weather remains a significant problem in general aviation (GA) safety. A variety of experiential, cognitive, and motivational factors have been suggested as explanations. Previous research has shown that ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Continuing flight into adverse weather remains a significant problem in general aviation (GA) safety. A variety of experiential, cognitive, and motivational factors have been suggested as explanations. Previous research has shown that adverse weather accidents occur further into planned flights than other types of accident, suggesting that previous investment of time and effort might be a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to experimentally determine the effect of prior commitment on general aviation pilots' decision-making and risk-taking in simulated VFR flights. Method: Thirty-six licensed pilots 'flew' two simulated flights designed to simulate an encounter with deteriorating coastal weather and a developing extensive cloud base underneath the aircraft as it crossed a mountain range. After making a decision to continue or discontinue the flight, pilots completed a range of risk perception, risk taking, and situational awareness measures. Results: Visual flight rules were violated in 42% of the flights. Prior commitment, in terms of distance already flown, led to an increased tendency to continue the flight into adverse weather in the coastal 'scud running' scenario. Continuing pilots perceived the risks differently and showed greater risk tolerance than others. These 'bolder' pilots also tended to be more active and better qualified than the others. Conclusions: There are undoubtedly multiple factors underlying any individual decision to continue or discontinue a flight. The willingness to tolerate a higher level of risk seems to be one such factor. This willingness can increase with time invested in the flight and also seems to be related to individual flight qualifications and experience. Practical applications: All pilots might benefit from carefully structured simulator sessions designed to safely teach practical risk management strategies with clear and immediate feedback.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Accidents, Aviation/prevention & control ; Decision Making ; Weather ; Aircraft ; Aviation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2015321-1
ISSN	1879-1247 ; 0022-4375
ISSN (online)	1879-1247
ISSN	0022-4375
DOI	10.1016/j.jsr.2023.11.020
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Article ; Online: Voltammetric methods for electrochemical characterization and quantification of artemether-based antimalarials.

Hildebrand, Anna / Merchant, Mariam / O'Hare, Danny

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 161–169

Abstract: Every year substandard and falsified (SF) artemisinin derivative-based antimalarials are responsible for the loss of 450 000 deaths and billions of GBP. The lack of infrastructure and funds to support pharmaceutical quality control in many low-and-middle- ...

Abstract	Every year substandard and falsified (SF) artemisinin derivative-based antimalarials are responsible for the loss of 450 000 deaths and billions of GBP. The lack of infrastructure and funds to support pharmaceutical quality control in many low-and-middle-income countries contributes to this problem. This work assesses fitness for purpose of voltammetric methods for identification and quantification of artemether in the presence of excipients. Electrochemical characterization of artemether using cyclic voltammetry shows that the reduction of artemether is chemically irreversible within the potential range of -0.4 V to -1.4 V. A chronocoulometric quantification algorithm for artemether is created and tested with pure artemether, as well as filtered and unfiltered Riamet® tablets. Filtration of Riamet® tablets provides no additional benefit for the quantification of artemether in Riamet®. In addition, artemether's response to pH indicates possible protonation and coupled homogeneous chemistry. Finally, sodium sulfite is an effective means of removing dissolved oxygen and improving artemether signal resolution in air-equilibrated PBS. This concludes that electrochemical analysis is a promising method for artemether identification and quantification.
MeSH term(s)	Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Antimalarials/analysis ; Artemether ; Artemisinins/therapeutic use ; Artemisinins/analysis ; Artemisinins/chemistry ; Tablets ; Quality Control
Chemical Substances	Antimalarials ; Artemether (C7D6T3H22J) ; Artemisinins ; Tablets
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2515210-5
ISSN	1759-9679 ; 1759-9660
ISSN (online)	1759-9679
ISSN	1759-9660
DOI	10.1039/d3ay01837g
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Article ; Online: Measuring perceived fitness interdependence between humans and non-humans.

Lee, Katie / Hare, Darragh / Blossey, Bernd

Evolutionary human sciences

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) e16

Abstract: Conservation ethics (i.e. moral concern for non-human organisms) are widespread, but we lack a comprehensive explanation for why people care about other species at all, and why they express strong moral concern for some species but not others. Recent ... ...

Abstract	Conservation ethics (i.e. moral concern for non-human organisms) are widespread, but we lack a comprehensive explanation for why people care about other species at all, and why they express strong moral concern for some species but not others. Recent theory suggests that conservation ethics might be rooted in cooperation between humans and members of other species. Building on central predictions of this eco-evolutionary theory, we conducted an online study (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2513-843X
ISSN (online)	2513-843X
DOI	10.1017/ehs.2024.10
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Article ; Online: Surface immobilization strategies for the development of electrochemical nucleic acid sensors.

Meng, Xiaotong / O'Hare, Danny / Ladame, Sylvain

Biosensors & bioelectronics

2023 Volume 237, Page(s) 115440

Abstract: Following the recent pandemic and with the emergence of cell-free nucleic acids in liquid biopsies as promising biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, there is an increasing demand for a new generation of nucleic acid tests, with a particular focus ...

Abstract	Following the recent pandemic and with the emergence of cell-free nucleic acids in liquid biopsies as promising biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, there is an increasing demand for a new generation of nucleic acid tests, with a particular focus on cost-effective, highly sensitive and specific biosensors. Easily miniaturized electrochemical sensors show the greatest promise and most typically rely on the chemical functionalization of conductive materials or electrodes with sequence-specific hybridization probes made of standard oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) or synthetic analogues (e.g. Peptide Nucleic Acids or PNAs). The robustness of such sensors is mostly influenced by the ability to control the density and orientation of the probe at the surface of the electrode, making the chemistry used for this immobilization a key parameter. This exhaustive review will cover the various strategies to immobilize nucleic acid probes onto different solid electrode materials. Both physical and chemical immobilization techniques will be presented. Their applicability to specific electrode materials and surfaces will also be discussed as well as strategies for passivation of the electrode surface as a way of preventing electrode fouling and reducing nonspecific binding.
MeSH term(s)	Nucleic Acids ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; DNA/genetics ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Oligonucleotides ; Electrodes ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Chemical Substances	Nucleic Acids ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Oligonucleotides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1011023-9
ISSN	1873-4235 ; 0956-5663
ISSN (online)	1873-4235
ISSN	0956-5663
DOI	10.1016/j.bios.2023.115440
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Article: Examining the Timing of Women's Retirement in Urban China: A Discrete Time Hazard Rate Approach.

Hare, Denise

Contemporary economic policy

2017 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 451–466

Abstract: In spite of phenomenal wage growth in recent decades, female labor force participation in urban China has experienced a notable and puzzling decline, particularly so for women aged 40 and above. Concerns about women's status motivate an inquiry into the ... ...

Abstract	In spite of phenomenal wage growth in recent decades, female labor force participation in urban China has experienced a notable and puzzling decline, particularly so for women aged 40 and above. Concerns about women's status motivate an inquiry into the reasons behind the sharp drop, and consideration of how this decline may bear on their welfare. This paper estimates a probit model of labor force participation and a discrete time hazard rate model of retirement and non-retirement labor force withdrawals among urban married women aged 40 to 51. The analysis uses data from a multi-province panel data set covering the interval from 1991 to 2011. The results inform policy discussions about pension system reform in the face of population aging and declining labor supply. In addition, recommendations are offered for policy measures that would increase women's labor force attachment, even as they approach their retirement horizon.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012949-X
ISSN	1465-7287 ; 1074-3529
ISSN (online)	1465-7287
ISSN	1074-3529
DOI	10.1111/coep.12269
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Article ; Online: In plane sight: Inattentional blindness affects visual detection of external targets in simulated flight.

White, Alaska / O'Hare, David

Applied ergonomics

2021 Volume 98, Page(s) 103578

Abstract: Aviation places significant demands on pilots' perceptual and attentional capacities. The avoidance of other objects both on the ground and in the air is critical to safe flight. Research on automobile driving has revealed the occurrence of ' ... ...

Abstract	Aviation places significant demands on pilots' perceptual and attentional capacities. The avoidance of other objects both on the ground and in the air is critical to safe flight. Research on automobile driving has revealed the occurrence of 'inattentional blindness' (IB) whereby objects clearly located within the visual field may not detected when drivers are concurrently engaged in another attention capturing task such as a cellphone conversation. Almost no comparable research has been conducted within the aviation domain despite the significance of both ground-based and mid-air collisions. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diverting attentional resources away from the primary task of safely flying a simulated light aircraft from takeoff to cruising. Flight naïve students were trained to proficiency in a flight-simulator and flew two simulated flights with and without a competing attentional task. Detection of a variety of objects placed in the background was measured. The results showed that when distracted by an engaging cellphone conversation novice pilots failed to detect many of the objects located within the visual scene. Recognition accuracy was greater when pilots' attention was not diverted elsewhere. There was a reduction in time spent looking at some key flight instruments but not on others. Inattentional blindness poses significant flight safety risks and further research into both the stimulus and perceiver characteristics that promote or reduce inattentional blindness would be of significant benefit to aviation safety.
MeSH term(s)	Aircraft ; Attention ; Aviation ; Blindness ; Computer Simulation ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2003513-5
ISSN	1872-9126 ; 0003-6870
ISSN (online)	1872-9126
ISSN	0003-6870
DOI	10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103578
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Article: A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers.

O'Hare, Dearbhla / Gaughran, Fiona / Stewart, Robert / Pinto da Costa, Mariana

BJPsych open

2024 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e50

Abstract: Background: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare trusts began to implement remote working arrangements, with little knowledge of their impact on staff well-being.: Aims: To investigate how remote working of healthcare workers ... ...

Abstract	Background: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare trusts began to implement remote working arrangements, with little knowledge of their impact on staff well-being. Aims: To investigate how remote working of healthcare workers during the pandemic may have been associated with stress, productivity and work satisfaction at that time, and associations between loneliness, workplace isolation, perceived social support and well-being. Method: A questionnaire was developed to explore remote working and productivity, stress and work satisfaction during time spent working remotely. Associations between current loneliness, workplace isolation and well-being, and the influence of perceived social support, were explored with perceived social support as a potential moderator. Results: A total of 520 participants responded to the study, of whom 112 were men (21.5%) and 406 were women (78.1%), with an age range of 21-77 years (mean 40.0, s.d. = 12.1). Very few (3.1%) worked remotely before the COVID-19 pandemic, and this had increased significantly (96.9%). Those who worked ≥31 h a week remotely reported higher stress and lower workplace satisfaction at that time, compared with office work, yet also felt more productive. Current loneliness, workplace isolation and perceived social support were cross-sectionally associated with lower current well-being. Conclusions: Those who worked more hours a week remotely during the pandemic reported increased stress, which may be related to the lack of resources in place to support this change in work.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2829557-2
ISSN	2056-4724
ISSN	2056-4724
DOI	10.1192/bjo.2024.7
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Article ; Online: Whole-genome sequencing to investigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the acute healthcare setting: a systematic review.

Hare, D / Dembicka, K M / Brennan, C / Campbell, C / Sutton-Fitzpatrick, U / Stapleton, P J / De Gascun, C F / Dunne, C P

The Journal of hospital infection

2023 Volume 140, Page(s) 139–155

Abstract: Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used widely to elucidate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in acute healthcare settings, and to guide infection, prevention, and control (IPC) responses.: Aim: To systematically appraise available ... ...

Abstract	Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used widely to elucidate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in acute healthcare settings, and to guide infection, prevention, and control (IPC) responses. Aim: To systematically appraise available literature, published between January 1 Methods: Searches of the PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases identified studies in English reporting the use of WGS to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in acute healthcare environments. Publications involved data collected up to December 31 Findings: In all, 3088 non-duplicate records were retrieved; 97 met inclusion criteria, involving 62 outbreak analyses and 35 genomic surveillance studies. No publications from low-income countries were identified. In 87/97 (90%), WGS supported hypotheses for nosocomial transmission, while in 46 out of 97 (47%) suspected transmission events were excluded. An IPC intervention was attributed to the use of WGS in 18 out of 97 (18%); however, only three (3%) studies reported turnaround times ≤7 days facilitating near real-time IPC action, and none reported an impact on the incidence of nosocomial COVID-19 attributable to WGS. Conclusion: WGS can elucidate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in acute healthcare settings to enhance epidemiological investigations. However, evidence was not identified to support sequencing as an intervention to reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital or to alter the trajectory of active outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	779366-2
ISSN	1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
ISSN (online)	1532-2939
ISSN	0195-6701
DOI	10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.002
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Zs.A 1586: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Indirect impact of rotavirus vaccination on viral causes of acute gastroenteritis in the elderly.

Yandle, Z / Coughlan, S / Dean, J / Hare, D / De Gascun, C F

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2021 Volume 137, Page(s) 104780

Abstract: Background: Rotavirus is considered a childhood infection causing acute gastroenteritis however, it also causes disease in adults which may be underestimated due to less frequent testing in this age-group.: Objectives: To determine if paediatric ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rotavirus is considered a childhood infection causing acute gastroenteritis however, it also causes disease in adults which may be underestimated due to less frequent testing in this age-group. Objectives: To determine if paediatric rotavirus vaccination, introduced into Ireland in December 2016, affected the viral aetiology in those aged ≥65 yrs presenting with gastroenteritis in the pre- and post-vaccination years. Additionally, rotavirus genotypes in this age-group will be described. Methods: Faecal samples from 2015 to 2019 for the investigation of gastroenteritis were tested by real-time (RT-) PCR for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, Rotarix, astrovirus and sapovirus. Rotaviruses were genotyped by multiplex real-time RT-PCR or hemi-nested RT-PCR and a proportion confirmed by sequencing. Results: 22,593 samples from adults aged ≥65 yrs were tested and 2566 (11 %) had ≥1 virus detected. Of 2566 positive samples, norovirus was detected in 82 %, rotavirus 9 %, sapovirus 6 %, astrovirus 3 % and adenovirus 1 %. Rotavirus and norovirus infections decreased between pre and post-vaccine year groups p < 0.001, whereas sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus remained unchanged. Between 2015-16 and 2018-19, G2P[4] increased and G4P[8] decreased, p < 0.001. In 2015-2019 there were 37 rotavirus outbreaks. Five geriatric outbreaks were genotyped and caused by G4P[8] (n = 1), G1P[8] (n = 1), G2P[4] (n = 2) and G12P[8] (n = 1). Conclusion: Rotavirus causes acute gastroenteritis in older people. Paediatric vaccination may have contributed to a decline in infections in the elderly; nevertheless, rotavirus continued to circulate in older people following vaccine introduction. Genotype distribution changed between the pre- and post-vaccine era however genotypes in outbreak and endemic settings were comparable.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Child ; Feces ; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis/prevention & control ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104780
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Zs.A 3790: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Neomycin, but Not Neamine, Blocks Angiogenic Factor Induced Nitric Oxide Release through Inhibition of Akt Phosphorylation.

Trouillon, Raphaël / Kang, Dong-Ku / Chang, Soo-Ik / O'Hare, Danny

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 23

Abstract: Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a critical factor of carcinogenesis. Neomycin and neamine, two drugs blocking the nuclear translocation of angiogenin (ANG), have been proven to inhibit tumour growth in vivo. However, the high toxicity ... ...

Abstract	Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a critical factor of carcinogenesis. Neomycin and neamine, two drugs blocking the nuclear translocation of angiogenin (ANG), have been proven to inhibit tumour growth in vivo. However, the high toxicity of neomycin prevents its therapeutic use, thus indicating that the less toxic neamine may be a better candidate. Endothelial cells were cultured on a biocompatible multiple microelectrode array (MMA). The release of NO evoked by ANG or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected electrochemically. The effects of neomycin and neamine on ANG- and VEGF-induced NO releases have been investigated. Neomycin totally blocks NO release for concentrations down to the pM range, probably through the inhibition of the Akt kinase phosphorylation, as revealed by confocal microscopy. On the other hand, both ANG- and VEGF-induced NO releases were not significantly hindered by the presence of high concentrations of neamine. The inhibition of the Akt pathway and NO release are expected to lead to a severe decrease in tissue growth and repair, thus indicating a possible cause for the toxicity of neomycin. Furthermore, the data presented here show that ANG- and VEGF-induced NO releases are not dependent on the nuclear translocation of angiogenin, as these events were not abolished by the presence of neamine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms232315277
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