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  1. Article ; Online: Diagnostic yield of broad-range 16s rRNA gene PCR varies by sample type and is improved by the addition of qPCR panels targeting the most common causative organisms.

    Harris, Kathryn A / Brown, Julianne R

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 12

    Abstract: Introduction. ...

    Abstract Introduction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bacteria/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Genes, rRNA ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.001633
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Untargeted metagenomics protocol for the diagnosis of infection from CSF and tissue from sterile sites.

    Atkinson, Laura / Lee, Jack Cd / Lennon, Alexander / Shah, Divya / Storey, Nathaniel / Morfopoulou, Sofia / Harris, Kathryn A / Breuer, Judy / Brown, Julianne R

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) e19854

    Abstract: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an untargeted technique capable of detecting all microbial nucleic acid within a sample. This protocol outlines our wet laboratory method for mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and tissues from ... ...

    Abstract Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an untargeted technique capable of detecting all microbial nucleic acid within a sample. This protocol outlines our wet laboratory method for mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and tissues from sterile sites. We use this method routinely in our clinical service, processing 178 specimens over the past 2.5 years in a laboratory that adheres to ISO:15189 standards. We have successfully used this protocol to diagnose multiple cases of encephalitis and hepatitis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19854
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Molecular techniques for diagnosing prosthetic joint infections.

    Hartley, John C / Harris, Kathryn A

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    2014  Volume 69 Suppl 1, Page(s) i21–4

    Abstract: Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) can be broadly classed into two groups: those where there is a strong clinical suspicion of infection and those with clinical uncertainty, including 'aseptic loosening'. Confirmation of infection and identification of ... ...

    Abstract Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) can be broadly classed into two groups: those where there is a strong clinical suspicion of infection and those with clinical uncertainty, including 'aseptic loosening'. Confirmation of infection and identification of the causative organism along with provision of antibiotic susceptibility data are important stages in the management of PJI. Conventional microbiological culture and susceptibility testing is usually sufficient to provide this. However, it may fail due to prior antimicrobial treatment or the presence of unusual and fastidious organisms. Molecular techniques, in particular specific real-time and broad-range PCR, are available for diagnostic use in suspected PJI. In this review, we describe the techniques available, their current strengths, limitations and future development. Real-time pathogen-specific and broad-range PCR (with single sequence determination) are suitable for use as part of the routine diagnostic algorithm for clinically suspected PJI. Further development of broad-range PCR with high-throughput (next-generation) sequencing is necessary to understand the microbiome of the prosthetic joint further before this technique can be used for routine diagnostics in clinically unsuspected PJI, including aseptic loosening.
    MeSH term(s) High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Osteoarthritis/diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/dku249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: What is broad-range 16S rDNA PCR?

    Patel, Amani / Harris, Kathryn A / Fitzgerald, Felicity

    Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition

    2017  Volume 102, Issue 5, Page(s) 261–264

    MeSH term(s) Bacteria/genetics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Bacterial/analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
    Chemical Substances RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2148818-6
    ISSN 1743-0593 ; 1743-0585
    ISSN (online) 1743-0593
    ISSN 1743-0585
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Single base mutations in the nucleocapsid gene of SARS-CoV-2 affects amplification efficiency of sequence variants and may lead to assay failure.

    Storey, Nathaniel / Brown, Julianne R / Pereira, Rui P A / O'Sullivan, Denise M / Huggett, Jim F / Williams, Rachel / Breuer, Judith / Harris, Kathryn A

    Journal of clinical virology plus

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 100037

    Abstract: Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the main diagnostic assay used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory samples. RT-qPCR is performed by specifically targeting the viral genome using complementary oligonucleotides called primers and ... ...

    Abstract Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the main diagnostic assay used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory samples. RT-qPCR is performed by specifically targeting the viral genome using complementary oligonucleotides called primers and probes. This approach relies on prior knowledge of the genetic sequence of the target. Viral genetic variants with changes to the primer/probe binding region may reduce the performance of PCR assays and have the potential to cause assay failure. In this work we demonstrate how two single nucleotide variants (SNVs) altered the amplification curve of a diagnostic PCR targeting the Nucleocapsid (N) gene and illustrate how threshold setting can lead to false-negative results even where the variant sequence is amplified. We also describe how
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-0380
    ISSN (online) 2667-0380
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100037
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter baumannii in Comparison with Orthogonal Methods.

    Busby, Eloise J / Doyle, Ronan M / Leboreiro Babe, Clara / Harris, Kathryn A / Mack, Damien / Méndez-Cervantes, Gema / O'Sullivan, Denise M / Pang, Vicky / Sadouki, Zahra / Solanki, Priya / Huggett, Jim F / McHugh, Timothy D / Wey, Emmanuel Q

    Microbiology spectrum

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) e0499522

    Abstract: Colonization and subsequent health care-associated infection (HCAI) with Acinetobacter baumannii are a concern for vulnerable patient groups within the hospital setting. Outbreaks involving multidrug-resistant strains are associated with increased ... ...

    Abstract Colonization and subsequent health care-associated infection (HCAI) with Acinetobacter baumannii are a concern for vulnerable patient groups within the hospital setting. Outbreaks involving multidrug-resistant strains are associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality and poorer overall outcomes. Reliable molecular typing methods can help to trace transmission routes and manage outbreaks. In addition to methods deployed by reference laboratories, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) may assist by making initial in-house judgments on strain relatedness. However, limited studies on method reproducibility exist for this application. We applied MALDI-TOF MS typing to A. baumannii isolates associated with a nosocomial outbreak and evaluated different methods for data analysis. In addition, we compared MALDI-TOF MS with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as orthogonal methods to further explore their resolution for bacterial strain typing. A related subgroup of isolates consistently clustered separately from the main outbreak group by all investigated methods. This finding, combined with epidemiological data from the outbreak, indicates that these methods identified a separate transmission event unrelated to the main outbreak. However, the MALDI-TOF MS upstream approach introduced measurement variability impacting method reproducibility and limiting its reliability as a standalone typing method. Availability of in-house typing methods with well-characterized sources of measurement uncertainty could assist with rapid and dependable confirmation (or denial) of suspected transmission events. This work highlights some of the steps to be improved before such tools can be fully integrated into routine diagnostic service workflows for strain typing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods ; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Molecular Typing ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Anti-Infective Agents
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.04995-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Outcome according to subspecies following lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis pediatric patients infected with Mycobacterium abscessus.

    Kavaliunaite, Ema / Harris, Kathryn A / Aurora, Paul / Dixon, Garth / Shingadia, Delane / Muthialu, Nagarajan / Spencer, Helen

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) e13274

    Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium abscessus infection has been associated with variable outcomes following lung transplantation. M abscessus comprises three subspecies (M abscessus subsp abscessus, M abscessus subsp massiliense, and M abscessus subsp bolletii). ...

    Abstract Background: Mycobacterium abscessus infection has been associated with variable outcomes following lung transplantation. M abscessus comprises three subspecies (M abscessus subsp abscessus, M abscessus subsp massiliense, and M abscessus subsp bolletii). We investigated whether lung transplantation outcome in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in a single center was related to the M abscessus subspecies and genetic cluster.
    Methods: CF patients with chronic M abscessus infection transplanted at Great Ormond Street Hospital between 2004 and 2017 were retrospectively examined. All M abscessus isolates were identified to subspecies level by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Genetic cluster was determined by variable number tandem repeat profiling and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and sequence type inferred from WGS.
    Results: Thirteen patients with chronic M abscessus infection underwent heart/lung or lung transplantation. Subspecies identification showed n = 1 with M abscessus bolletii, n = 5 with M abscessus massiliense, and n = 7 with M abscessus abscessus infection. Eight (62%) patients (one with M abscessus massiliense and seven with M abscessus abscessus) died post-lung transplant. The patient with M abscessus bolletii and three patients with M abscessus massiliense did well post-transplant. One patient with M abscessus massiliense is receiving ongoing treatment.
    Conclusions: Dramatically worse outcomes are observed in patients infected with M abscessus subspecies abscessus, the majority of whom were infected with ST-1 and ST-26 strains. Patients infected with other M abcsessus strains can have acceptable outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/surgery ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/physiopathology ; Mycobacterium abscessus/classification ; Mycobacterium abscessus/pathogenicity ; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ; Phylogeny ; Retrospective Studies ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Whole Genome Sequencing
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-18
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.13274
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mycobacterium abscessus infection in cystic fibrosis: molecular typing and clinical outcomes.

    Harris, Kathryn A / Kenna, Dervla T D

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2014  Volume 63, Issue Pt 10, Page(s) 1241–1246

    Abstract: Mycobacterium abscessus is a significant pathogen in the cystic fibrosis patient population. PCR amplification and sequencing can provide accurate subspecies identification, and can predict macrolide susceptibility, which is becoming increasingly ... ...

    Abstract Mycobacterium abscessus is a significant pathogen in the cystic fibrosis patient population. PCR amplification and sequencing can provide accurate subspecies identification, and can predict macrolide susceptibility, which is becoming increasingly important for patient management. Molecular techniques for further typing of isolates provide tools for the ongoing investigations into the clinical impact of particular M. abscessus strains. Whole-genome sequencing is likely to be the only technique that provides sufficient resolution for investigating transmission events between patients.
    MeSH term(s) Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Humans ; Molecular Typing ; Mycobacterium/classification ; Mycobacterium/genetics ; Mycobacterium/isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/transmission ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.077164-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Cross-transmission Is Not the Source of New Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in a Multicenter Cohort of Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

    Doyle, Ronan M / Rubio, Marc / Dixon, Garth / Hartley, John / Klein, Nigel / Coll, Pere / Harris, Kathryn A

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2019  Volume 70, Issue 9, Page(s) 1855–1864

    Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium abscessus is an extensively drug-resistant pathogen that causes pulmonary disease, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Identifying direct patient-to-patient transmission of M. abscessus is critically important in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mycobacterium abscessus is an extensively drug-resistant pathogen that causes pulmonary disease, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Identifying direct patient-to-patient transmission of M. abscessus is critically important in directing an infection control policy for the management of risk in CF patients. A variety of clinical labs have used molecular epidemiology to investigate transmission. However, there is still conflicting evidence as to how M. abscessus is acquired and whether cross-transmission occurs. Recently, labs have applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate this further and, in this study, we investigated whether WGS can reliably identify cross-transmission in M. abscessus.
    Methods: We retrospectively sequenced the whole genomes of 145 M. abscessus isolates from 62 patients, seen at 4 hospitals in 2 countries over 16 years.
    Results: We have shown that a comparison of a fixed number of core single nucleotide variants alone cannot be used to infer cross-transmission in M. abscessus but does provide enough information to replace multiple existing molecular assays. We detected 1 episode of possible direct patient-to-patient transmission in a sibling pair. We found that patients acquired unique M. abscessus strains even after spending considerable time on the same wards with other M. abscessus-positive patients.
    Conclusions: This novel analysis has demonstrated that the majority of patients in this study have not acquired M. abscessus through direct patient-to-patient transmission or a common reservoir. Tracking transmission using WGS will only realize its full potential with proper environmental screening, as well as patient sampling.
    MeSH term(s) Cohort Studies ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology ; Mycobacterium abscessus/genetics ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciz526
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Children With Cystic Fibrosis Are Infected With Multiple Subpopulations of Mycobacterium abscessus With Different Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles.

    Shaw, Liam P / Doyle, Ronan M / Kavaliunaite, Ema / Spencer, Helen / Balloux, Francois / Dixon, Garth / Harris, Kathryn A

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2019  Volume 69, Issue 10, Page(s) 1678–1686

    Abstract: Background: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) can develop life-threatening infections of Mycobacterium abscessus. These present a significant clinical challenge, particularly when the strains involved are resistant to antibiotics. Recent evidence of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) can develop life-threatening infections of Mycobacterium abscessus. These present a significant clinical challenge, particularly when the strains involved are resistant to antibiotics. Recent evidence of within-patient subclones of M. abscessus in adults with CF suggests the possibility that within-patient diversity may be relevant for the treatment of pediatric CF patients.
    Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 32 isolates of M. abscessus that were taken from multiple body sites of 2 patients with CF who were undergoing treatment at Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom, in 2015.
    Results: We found evidence of extensive diversity within patients over time. A clustering analysis of single nucleotide variants revealed that each patient harbored multiple subpopulations, which were differentially abundant between sputum, lung samples, chest wounds, and pleural fluid. The sputum isolates did not reflect the overall within-patient diversity and did not allow for the detection of subclones with mutations previously associated with macrolide resistance (rrl 2058/2059). Some variants were present at intermediate frequencies before the lung transplants. The time of the transplants coincided with extensive variation, suggesting that this event is particularly disruptive for the microbial community, but the transplants did not clear the M. abscessus infections and both patients died as a result of these infections.
    Conclusions: Isolates of M. abscessus from sputum do not always reflect the entire diversity present within the patient, which can include subclones with differing antimicrobial resistance profiles. An awareness of this phenotypic variability, with the sampling of multiple body sites in conjunction with WGS, may be necessary to ensure the best treatment for this vulnerable patient group.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lung/microbiology ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Macrolides/therapeutic use ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium abscessus/drug effects ; Mycobacterium abscessus/genetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sputum/microbiology ; United Kingdom ; Whole Genome Sequencing
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Macrolides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciz069
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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