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Article: Author Correction: Biological responses to the press and pulse of climate trends and extreme events

Harris, R. M. B.

2018 Volume 8, Issue 9, Page(s) 840

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2614383-5
ISSN	1758-678x
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Plastic contamination of the food chain: A threat to human health?

Waring, R H / Harris, R M / Mitchell, S C

Maturitas

2018 Volume 115, Page(s) 64–68

Abstract: Macro-plastic pollution is found in terrestrial and marine environments and is degraded to micro-particles (MP) and nano-particles (NP) of plastic. These can enter the human food chain either by inhalation or by ingestion, particularly of shellfish and ... ...

Abstract	Macro-plastic pollution is found in terrestrial and marine environments and is degraded to micro-particles (MP) and nano-particles (NP) of plastic. These can enter the human food chain either by inhalation or by ingestion, particularly of shellfish and crustaceans. Absorption across the gastrointestinal tract is relatively low, especially for MPs, which appear to have little toxicity. However, NPs are more readily absorbed and may accumulate in the brain, liver and other tissues in aquatic species and other animals. Studies using nanoparticles of other materials suggest that toxicity could potentially affect the central nervous system and the reproductive system, although this would be unlikely unless exposure levels were very high and absorption was increased by physiological factors.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Plastics/analysis ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-20
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80460-5
ISSN	1873-4111 ; 0378-5122
ISSN (online)	1873-4111
ISSN	0378-5122
DOI	10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.010
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and the magnitude of calcium decline at the onset of lactation on mineral metabolism and physiological responses.

Connelly, M K / Harris, R M Rodney / Kuehnl, J / Andrade, J P N / Andrade, F Sonnewend / Henschel, S / Block, E / Lean, I J / Hernandez, L L

Journal of dairy science

2023 Volume 107, Issue 2, Page(s) 1228–1243

Abstract: The onset of lactation is characterized by substantially altered calcium (Ca) metabolism; recently, emphasis has been placed on understanding the dynamics of blood Ca in the peripartal cow in response to this change. Thus, the aim of our study was to ... ...

Abstract	The onset of lactation is characterized by substantially altered calcium (Ca) metabolism; recently, emphasis has been placed on understanding the dynamics of blood Ca in the peripartal cow in response to this change. Thus, the aim of our study was to delineate how prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diets and the magnitude of Ca decline at the onset of lactation altered blood Ca dynamics in the periparturient cow. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity, previous 305-d milk yield and expected parturition date, and randomly allocated to either a positive (+120 mEq/kg) or negative (-120 mEq/kg) DCAD diet from 251 d of gestation until parturition (n = 16/diet). Immediately after parturition cows were continuously infused for 24 h with (1) an intravenous solution of 10% dextrose or (2) Ca gluconate (CaGlc) to maintain blood ionized (iCa) concentrations at ∼1.2 mM (normocalcemia) to form 4 treatment groups (n = 8/treatment). Blood was sampled every 6 h from 102 h before parturition until 96 h after parturition and every 30 min during 24 h continuous infusion. Cows fed a negative DCAD diet prepartum exhibited a less pronounced decline in blood iCa approaching parturition with lesser magnitude of decline relative to positive DCAD-fed cows. Cows fed a negative DCAD diet prepartum required lower rates of CaGlc infusion to maintain normocalcemia in the 24 h postpartum relative to positive DCAD-fed cows. Infusion of CaGlc disrupted blood Ca and P dynamics in the immediate 24 h after parturition and in the days following infusion. Collectively, these data demonstrate that prepartum negative DCAD diets facilitate a more transient hypocalcemia and improve blood Ca profiles at the onset of lactation whereas CaGlc infusion disrupts mineral metabolism.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Calcium ; Dietary Supplements ; Lactation/physiology ; Diet/veterinary ; Calcium, Dietary ; Postpartum Period/metabolism ; Anions ; Minerals/metabolism ; Cations ; Animal Feed/analysis
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Calcium, Dietary ; Anions ; Minerals ; Cations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2023-23588
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Article ; Online: Drug metabolism in the elderly: A multifactorial problem?

Waring, R H / Harris, R M / Mitchell, S C

Maturitas

2017 Volume 100, Page(s) 27–32

Abstract: Whether or not an individual's drug metabolising capacity declines with advancing age is a vexing question. There is no clear evidence that drug metabolism itself ('the biologically-assisted chemical alteration of the administered parent molecule') is ... ...

Abstract	Whether or not an individual's drug metabolising capacity declines with advancing age is a vexing question. There is no clear evidence that drug metabolism itself ('the biologically-assisted chemical alteration of the administered parent molecule') is less efficient in healthy old age than at younger ages, whereas a decreased capacity may be associated with ill-health and frailty. However, elderly individuals do show a reduced enzyme induction capability and are less able to tolerate overdoses. It appears that the majority of deleterious clinical outcomes related to drug therapy in an elderly (usually ill or frail) population may be ascribed to various anatomical and physiological age-related changes. These may affect both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, but not necessarily drug metabolism. Information gleaned from animal studies undertaken mainly in rodents does not seem to be of relevance to humans and studies in healthy aged human populations may not highlight possible problems. However, certain circumstances may influence metabolic competence, and phenotyping rather than genotyping is of more value in identifying those susceptible to adverse drug reactions. This short review discusses the potential contributions of four factors (inflammation, circadian rhythm, gut microbes, epigenetic aspects) which may lead to alterations in drug metabolism with increasing age.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80460-5
ISSN	1873-4111 ; 0378-5122
ISSN (online)	1873-4111
ISSN	0378-5122
DOI	10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.004
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Article ; Online: In utero exposure to carcinogens: Epigenetics, developmental disruption and consequences in later life.

Waring, R H / Harris, R M / Mitchell, S C

Maturitas

2016 Volume 86, Page(s) 59–63

Abstract: The uterine environment is often viewed as a relatively safe haven, being guarded by the placenta which acts as a filter, permitting required materials to enter and unwanted products to be removed. However, this defensive barrier is sometimes breached by ...

Abstract	The uterine environment is often viewed as a relatively safe haven, being guarded by the placenta which acts as a filter, permitting required materials to enter and unwanted products to be removed. However, this defensive barrier is sometimes breached by potential chemical hazards to which the mother may be subjected. Many of these toxins have immediate and recognisable deleterious effects on the embryo, foetus or neonate, but a few are insidious and leave a legacy of health issues that may emerge in later life. Several substances, falling into the categories of metals and metalloids, endocrine disruptors, solvents and other industrial chemicals, have been implicated in the development of long-term health problems in the offspring following maternal and subsequent in utero exposure. The mechanisms involved are complex but often involve epigenetic changes which disrupt normal cell processes leading to the development of cancers and also dysregulation of biochemical pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinogens/toxicity ; Developmental Disabilities/chemically induced ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; Metals/toxicity ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Solvents/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Metals ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Solvents
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80460-5
ISSN	1873-4111 ; 0378-5122
ISSN (online)	1873-4111
ISSN	0378-5122
DOI	10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.008
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Article ; Online: Diethylstilboestrol--a long-term legacy.

Harris, R M / Waring, R H

Maturitas

2012 Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 108–112

Abstract: Diethylstilboestrol (DES) is an endocrine disrupter which causes cancer in rodents. It was prescribed in large amounts to treat women with gynaecological problems; some of the daughters of these women subsequently developed a rare cancer (vaginal clear ... ...

Abstract	Diethylstilboestrol (DES) is an endocrine disrupter which causes cancer in rodents. It was prescribed in large amounts to treat women with gynaecological problems; some of the daughters of these women subsequently developed a rare cancer (vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma) while genital abnormalities were found in some of the sons. It was used for decades in livestock feed and this may have contaminated the food chain leading to the exposure of the more general population. DES appears to cause epigenetic effects in animals and there is some evidence that this also occurs in man. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis are complex and the effects are difficult to prove due to the background of dietary and environmental phyto- and xenooestrogens. It has been suggested that, like other endocrine disrupters, DES may have acted as an obesogen in the human population.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Spontaneous/prevention & control ; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/chemically induced ; Animal Feed/adverse effects ; Animals ; Diethylstilbestrol/adverse effects ; Diethylstilbestrol/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Food Contamination ; Genital Neoplasms, Male/chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Vaginal Neoplasms/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Diethylstilbestrol (731DCA35BT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80460-5
ISSN	1873-4111 ; 0378-5122
ISSN (online)	1873-4111
ISSN	0378-5122
DOI	10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.03.002
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Article ; Online: Biological responses to extreme weather events are detectable but difficult to formally attribute to anthropogenic climate change.

Harris, R M B / Loeffler, F / Rumm, A / Fischer, C / Horchler, P / Scholz, M / Foeckler, F / Henle, K

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 14067

Abstract: As the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves and floods have increased over recent decades, more extreme biological responses are being reported, and there is widespread interest in attributing such responses to ... ...

Abstract	As the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves and floods have increased over recent decades, more extreme biological responses are being reported, and there is widespread interest in attributing such responses to anthropogenic climate change. However, the formal detection and attribution of biological responses to climate change is associated with many challenges. We illustrate these challenges with data from the Elbe River floodplain, Germany. Using community turnover and stability indices, we show that responses in plant, carabid and mollusc communities are detectable following extreme events. Community composition and species dominance changed following the extreme flood and summer heatwave of 2002/2003 (all taxa); the 2006 flood and heatwave (molluscs); and after the recurring floods and heatwave of 2010 and the 2013 flood (plants). Nevertheless, our ability to attribute these responses to anthropogenic climate change is limited by high natural variability in climate and biological data; lack of long-term data and replication, and the effects of multiple events. Without better understanding of the mechanisms behind change and the interactions, feedbacks and potentially lagged responses, multiple-driver attribution is unlikely. We discuss whether formal detection and/or attribution is necessary and suggest ways in which understanding of biological responses to extreme events could progress.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Climate Change ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Extreme Weather ; Germany ; Mollusca/physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Rivers ; Species Specificity ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-70901-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Endocrine disrupters--a threat to women's health?

Waring, R H / Harris, R M

Maturitas

2011 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 111–115

Abstract: Endocrine disruption has been a topic of public concern for many years and its study remains high on the scientific agenda. Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are compounds which may be of industrial or natural origin and which act to dysregulate steroid ... ...

Abstract	Endocrine disruption has been a topic of public concern for many years and its study remains high on the scientific agenda. Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are compounds which may be of industrial or natural origin and which act to dysregulate steroid function and metabolism. As well as their actions on nuclear steroid receptors, EDs can inhibit the pathways of steroid synthesis and degradation. They not only affect reproductive function but also affect a range of tissues which are steroid sensitive such as the central nervous system and thyroid. Results from the latest studies suggest that EDs may also affect the immune system, glucose homeostasis and can act as epigenetic modulators resulting in transgenerational effects. Research in this area has led to the development of drugs used in the treatment of several types of hormone-sensitive cancer. However, despite many years of effort, the effects on human health of long-term environmental exposure to EDs, whether singly or as mixtures, remain unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Endocrine Disruptors/adverse effects ; Endocrine System/drug effects ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Steroids/metabolism ; Women's Health
Chemical Substances	Endocrine Disruptors ; Steroids
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80460-5
ISSN	1873-4111 ; 0378-5122
ISSN (online)	1873-4111
ISSN	0378-5122
DOI	10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.008
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Article: Unusual suspects in the usual places: a phylo-climatic framework to identify potential future invasive species

Harris, R. M. B / D. J. Kriticos / N. Bindoff / T. Remenyi

Biological invasions. 2017 Feb., v. 19, no. 2

2017

Abstract: A framework for identifying species that may become invasive under future climate conditions is presented, based on invader attributes and biogeography in combination with projections of future climate. We illustrate the framework using the CLIMEX niche ... ...

Abstract	A framework for identifying species that may become invasive under future climate conditions is presented, based on invader attributes and biogeography in combination with projections of future climate. We illustrate the framework using the CLIMEX niche model to identify future climate suitability for three species of Hawkweed that are currently present in the Australian Alps region and related species that are present in the neighbouring region. Potential source regions under future climate conditions are identified, and species from those emerging risk areas are identified. We use dynamically downscaled climate projections to complement global analyses and provide fine-scale projections of suitable climate for current and future (2070â2099) conditions at the regional scale. Changing climatic conditions may reduce the suitability for some invasive species and improve it for others. Invasive species with distributions strongly determined by climate, where the projected future climate is highly suitable, are those with the greatest potential to be future invasive species in the region. As the Alps region becomes warmer and drier, many more regions of the world become potential sources of invasive species, although only one additional species of Hawkweed is identified as an emerging risk. However, in the longer term, as the species in these areas respond to global climate change, the potential source areas contract again to match higher altitude regions. Knowledge of future climate suitability, based on species-specific climatic tolerances, is a useful step towards prioritising management responses such as targeted eradication and early intervention to prevent the spread of future invasive species.
Keywords	altitude ; biogeography ; climate change ; climatic factors ; invasive species ; models ; risk ; Alps region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-02
Size	p. 577-596.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1438729-3
ISSN	1573-1464 ; 1387-3547
ISSN (online)	1573-1464
ISSN	1387-3547
DOI	10.1007/s10530-016-1334-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Controlling stallion behaviour.

Harris, R M

The Veterinary record

2001 Volume 149, Issue 15, Page(s) 463

MeSH term(s)	Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Horses ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Punishment
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
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