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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Meningitis and encephalitis

Hasbun, Rodrigo

management and prevention challenges

2018

Author's details	Rodrigo Hasbun editor
Keywords	Medicine ; Immunology ; General practice (Medicine) ; Gynecology ; Public health ; Infectious diseases ; Neurology
Subject code	616.9
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (xii, 238 Seiten), Illustrationen
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Cham
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
HBZ-ID	HT019788081
ISBN	978-3-319-92678-0 ; 9783319926773 ; 3-319-92678-0 ; 3319926772
DOI	10.1007/978-3-319-92678-0
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Neurological complications of infectious diseases

Hasbun, Rodrigo / Bloch, Karen C. / Bhimraj, Adarsh

(Current clinical neurology)

2021

Author's details	Rodrigo Hasbun, MD MPH, Karen C. Bloch, MD MPH, Adarsh Bhimraj, MD. editors
Series title	Current clinical neurology
Keywords	Neurology ; Infectious diseases
Subject code	616.8
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 387 Seiten), Illustrationen
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Cham
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
HBZ-ID	HT020839708
ISBN	978-3-030-56084-3 ; 9783030560836 ; 3-030-56084-8 ; 303056083X
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-56084-3
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Review of Progress and Challenges in Bacterial Meningitis-Reply.

Hasbun, Rodrigo

JAMA

2023 Volume 329, Issue 16, Page(s) 1407

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2023.2551
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Article ; Online: Progress and Challenges in Bacterial Meningitis: A Review.

Hasbun, Rodrigo

JAMA

2022 Volume 328, Issue 21, Page(s) 2147–2154

Abstract: Importance: Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem, with incidence rates ranging from approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in high-income countries to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year in low-income countries. In low-income ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem, with incidence rates ranging from approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in high-income countries to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year in low-income countries. In low-income countries, bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of up to 54%. Up to 24% of those who survive develop chronic neurological sequelae, such as hearing loss or focal neurological deficits. Observations: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes about 72% and Neisseria meningitidis causes about 11% of cases of bacterial meningitis in people older than 16 years. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae cause about 35% of cases of early-onset neonatal meningitis. In adults, risk factors for bacterial meningitis include older age and immunosuppressive conditions. The most common symptoms are headache (84%), fever (74%), stiff neck (74%), altered mental status (median [IQR] Glasgow Coma Scale score of 11 [9-14] on a scale ranging from 3-15), and nausea (62%). Brain imaging should be performed before lumbar puncture if patients present with altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, papilledema, or history of immunocompromising conditions or central nervous system disease. Bacterial meningitis should be suspected if any of the following are present on admission: serum leukocytes greater than 10.0 ×109/L, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes greater than 2000/μL, CSF granulocytes greater than 1180/μL, CSF protein greater than 2.2 g/L, CSF glucose less than 34.23 mg/dL, or fever. A positive Gram stain result for bacteria is diagnostic, but the sensitivity of a positive Gram stain result for bacterial meningitis ranges from 50% to 90%. In countries in which the prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae exceeds 1%, vancomycin and ceftriaxone are the empirical antibiotics of choice, with the addition of ampicillin in neonates, older patients, and immunocompromised patients. Adjunctive dexamethasone should be used in patients with bacterial meningitis but stopped if Listeria monocytogenes is confirmed. Conclusions and relevance: Bacterial meningitis affects approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year and has a mortality rate as high as 54%. First-line therapy is prompt empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy and adjunctive dexamethasone.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage ; Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Administration, Intravenous
Chemical Substances	Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL) ; Glucocorticoids ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2022.20521
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Article ; Online: Solid organ transplant-related central nervous system infections.

Morado-Aramburo, Oscar / Hasbun, Rodrigo

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2024 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 192–200

Abstract: Purpose of review: Central nervous system (CNS) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may present atypical or nonspecific symptoms. Due to a wider range of infectious agents compared with immunocompetent hosts, diagnosis is challenging. ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Central nervous system (CNS) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may present atypical or nonspecific symptoms. Due to a wider range of infectious agents compared with immunocompetent hosts, diagnosis is challenging. This review categorizes CNS infections in SOT recipients by cause. Recent findings: New studies have reported new data on the epidemiology and the risk factors associated with each specific pathogen described in this review. Additionally, we included the treatment recommendations. Summary: The latest findings give us an insight into the different pathogens causing infectious neurologic complications in SOT recipients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; Central Nervous System Infections/etiology ; Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Transplant Recipients ; Immunocompromised Host
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000001016
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Article ; Online: Case Commentary: Delayed Cerebral Vasculitis Associated with the Development of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Hasbun, Rodrigo

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2020 Volume 64, Issue 3

Abstract: Mizrahi and colleagues present a well-described case of the emergence of drug resistance ... ...

Abstract	Mizrahi and colleagues present a well-described case of the emergence of drug resistance in
MeSH term(s)	Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Humans ; Meningitis, Pneumococcal/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Ceftriaxone (75J73V1629)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.02251-19
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Article ; Online: Healthcare-associated ventriculitis: current and emerging diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Hasbun, Rodrigo

Expert review of anti-infective therapy

2020 Volume 19, Issue 8, Page(s) 993–999

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Cerebral Ventriculitis/diagnosis ; Cerebral Ventriculitis/drug therapy ; Cerebral Ventriculitis/etiology ; Cross Infection/cerebrospinal fluid ; Cross Infection/diagnosis ; Cross Infection/drug therapy ; Humans ; Meningitis/diagnosis ; Meningitis/drug therapy ; Meningitis/etiology ; Metagenomics/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2181279-2
ISSN	1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
ISSN (online)	1744-8336
ISSN	1478-7210
DOI	10.1080/14787210.2021.1866544
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Article ; Online: Viral meningitis and encephalitis: an update.

Gundamraj, Vaishnavi / Hasbun, Rodrigo

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2023 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 177–185

Abstract: Purpose of review: The most common infectious etiologies of meningitis and encephalitis are viruses. In this review, we will discuss current epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common causes of viral meningitis and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: The most common infectious etiologies of meningitis and encephalitis are viruses. In this review, we will discuss current epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common causes of viral meningitis and encephalitis worldwide. Recent findings: Viral meningitis and encephalitis are increasingly diagnosed as molecular diagnostic techniques and serologies have become more readily available worldwide but recent progress in novel antiviral therapies remains limited. Emerging and re-emerging viruses that have caused endemic or worldwide outbreaks or epidemics are arboviruses (e.g., West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, Tick borne encephalitis, Dengue, Zika, Toscana), enteroviruses (e.g., Enterovirus 71, Enterovirus D68), Parechoviruses, respiratory viruses [e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, metapneumoviruses, measles, mumps], and herpes viruses [e.g., herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human herpes (HV) 6, varicella zoster virus (VZV)]. Future efforts should concentrate in increasing availability for those viruses with effective vaccination [e.g., Japanese encephalitis, Tick borne encephalitis, varicella zoster viruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza], prompt initiation of those with encephalitis with treatable viruses (e.g., HSV-1, VZV), increasing the diagnostic yield by using novel techniques such as metagenomic sequencing and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics in those with viral meningitis or encephalitis. Summary: We review the current epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the common causative agents of viral meningitis and encephalitis worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Influenza, Human ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Meningitis, Viral ; Viruses ; Encephalitis ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000922
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Article ; Online: Update and advances in community acquired bacterial meningitis.

Hasbun, Rodrigo

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2019 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–238

Abstract: Purpose of review: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis continues to occur and be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines for the three most important meningeal pathogens.: Recent ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis continues to occur and be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines for the three most important meningeal pathogens. Recent findings: Indications for cranial imaging in suspected bacterial meningitis varies significantly between guidelines. Cranial imaging is of no clinical utility in those patients without indications and fosters delays in performing a lumbar puncture. Delaying lumbar puncture is associated with increased costs in both adults and children with meningitis and previous antibiotic therapy impacts the yield of microbiological results. Delaying antibiotic therapy is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Adjunctive steroids have reduced the mortality of adults with pneumococcal meningitis but have been associated with increased adverse outcomes in Listeria monocytogenes and Cryptococcus neoformans. Summary: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis remains a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality especially in low-income countries. Cranial imaging should be done only in patients with an indication with an attempt to do a prompt lumbar puncture and to initiate antibiotic therapy and adjunctive steroids as soon as possible to improve clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/mortality ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods ; Disease Management ; Global Health ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000543
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic approach and update on encephalitis.

Bhimraj, Adarsh / Hasbun, Rodrigo

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2022 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 231–237

Abstract: Purpose of review: The present article gives an update and outlines the fundamental principles of clinical reasoning and a diagnostic approach to a patient suspected to have acute encephalitis.: Recent findings: Encephalitis remains to be associated ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: The present article gives an update and outlines the fundamental principles of clinical reasoning and a diagnostic approach to a patient suspected to have acute encephalitis. Recent findings: Encephalitis remains to be associated with significant mortality and neurological morbidity. Unfortunately, the etiologic diagnosis remains elusive for the majority of the patients with encephalitis preventing targeted therapies. Clinicians could utilize clues such as duration of symptoms, exposure history, cerebrospinal fluid profile, neuroimaging findings and locations, and entertain certain opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed individuals. A comprehensive diagnostic for the most common viral and autoimmune etiologies should be systematically done and prompt empiric antiviral therapy should be started. Evaluation and therapy for autoimmune etiologies should be done for patients with a negative viral work up. Brain biopsy and metagenomic sequencing should be considered for patients with unknown etiologies that are clinically worsening. Summary: Encephalitis remains with unacceptable mortality and morbidity with the most common etiologies being idiopathic. A comprehensive diagnostic work up and prompt antiviral and autoimmune therapies are of paramount importance to improve the outcomes of this devastating disease.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Encephalitis/diagnosis ; Humans ; Metagenomics/methods ; Neuroimaging
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000832
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