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  1. Article ; Online: Whether two heads are better than one is the wrong question (though sometimes they are).

    Hautz, Wolf E / Hautz, Stefanie C / Kämmer, Juliane E

    Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 905–911

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1352832-4
    ISSN 1573-1677 ; 1382-4996
    ISSN (online) 1573-1677
    ISSN 1382-4996
    DOI 10.1007/s10459-020-09956-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: What factors affect team members' evaluation of collaboration in medical teams?

    Kämmer, Juliane E / Ehrhard, Simone / Kunina-Habenicht, Olga / Weber-Schuh, Sabine / Hautz, Stefanie C / Birrenbach, Tanja / Sauter, Thomas C / Hautz, Wolf E

    Frontiers in psychology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1031902

    Abstract: Introduction: Perceived teamwork quality is associated with numerous work-related outcomes, ranging from team effectiveness to job satisfaction. This study explored what situational and stable factors affect the perceived quality of teamwork during a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Perceived teamwork quality is associated with numerous work-related outcomes, ranging from team effectiveness to job satisfaction. This study explored what situational and stable factors affect the perceived quality of teamwork during a specific team task: when a medical team comprising a senior (supervisor) and a junior (trainee) physician diagnoses a patient.
    Methods: During a field study in an emergency department, multisource data describing the patients, the diagnosing physicians, and the context were collected, including physicians' ratings of their teamwork. The relationships between perceived teamwork quality and situational (e.g., workload) and stable (e.g., seniority) factors were estimated in a latent regression model using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.
    Results: Across the
    Discussion: Our findings shed light on the complex underpinnings of perceived teamwork quality, a performance-relevant factor that may influence work and organizational effectiveness in healthcare settings.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1031902
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Is language an issue? Accuracy of the German computerized diagnostic decision support system ISABEL and cross-validation with the English counterpart.

    Marcin, Thimo / Lüthi, Ailin / Graf, Ronny R / Krummrey, Gert / Schauber, Stefan K / Breakey, Neal / Hautz, Wolf E / Hautz, Stefanie C

    Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 398–405

    Abstract: Objectives: Existing computerized diagnostic decision support tools (CDDS) accurately return possible differential diagnoses (DDx) based on the clinical information provided. The German versions of the CDDS tools for clinicians (Isabel Pro) and patients ...

    Abstract Objectives: Existing computerized diagnostic decision support tools (CDDS) accurately return possible differential diagnoses (DDx) based on the clinical information provided. The German versions of the CDDS tools for clinicians (Isabel Pro) and patients (Isabel Symptom Checker) from ISABEL Healthcare have not been validated yet.
    Methods: We entered clinical features of 50 patient vignettes taken from an emergency medical text book and 50 real cases with a confirmed diagnosis derived from the electronic health record (EHR) of a large academic Swiss emergency room into the German versions of Isabel Pro and Isabel Symptom Checker. We analysed the proportion of DDx lists that included the correct diagnosis.
    Results: Isabel Pro and Symptom Checker provided the correct diagnosis in 82 and 71 % of the cases, respectively. Overall, the correct diagnosis was ranked in 71 , 61 and 37 % of the cases within the top 20, 10 and 3 of the provided DDx when using Isabel Pro. In general, accuracy was higher with vignettes than ED cases, i.e. listed the correct diagnosis more often (non-significant) and ranked the diagnosis significantly more often within the top 20, 10 and 3. On average, 38 ± 4.5 DDx were provided by Isabel Pro and Symptom Checker.
    Conclusions: The German versions of Isabel achieved a somewhat lower accuracy compared to previous studies of the English version. The accuracy decreases substantially when the position in the suggested DDx list is taken into account. Whether Isabel Pro is accurate enough to improve diagnostic quality in clinical ED routine needs further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; Research Design ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electronic Health Records ; Language
    Chemical Substances Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (4M7FS82U08)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2194-802X
    ISSN (online) 2194-802X
    DOI 10.1515/dx-2023-0047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Collaboration during the diagnostic decision-making process

    Kämmer, Juliane E. / Ernst, Karin / Grab, Kim / Schauber, Stefan K. / Hautz, Stefanie C. / Penders, Dorothea / Hautz, Wolf E.

    Journal of Behavioral Decision Making

    When does it help?

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) No

    Abstract: When making complex decisions, such as a medical diagnosis, decision makers typically gather, analyze, and synthesize (integrate) information. In a previous study, we showed that delegating such complex decisions to collaborating pairs increases decision ...

    Title translation Zusammenarbeit während des diagnostischen Entscheidungsprozesses: Wann ist sie hilfreich? (DeepL)
    Abstract When making complex decisions, such as a medical diagnosis, decision makers typically gather, analyze, and synthesize (integrate) information. In a previous study, we showed that delegating such complex decisions to collaborating pairs increases decision quality substantially compared to that of individuals, without requiring different information gathering. Given the higher costs associated with teamwork, however, it is of great practical interest to understand when in the process the performance benefits of teams may arise, so that particular subtasks can be delegated to teams when most appropriate. We thus conducted an experimental study in which fourth-year medical students (n = 109) worked either in pairs or alone on two separate subtasks of the diagnostic process: (1) analyzing diagnostic test results (e.g., X-rays) and (2) integrating previously interpreted test results into diagnoses. Linear mixed-effects models revealed a small benefit of collaborating pairs over individuals in both subtasks. We conclude that collaborating with a peer may pay off both when analyzing information and when integrating it into a diagnosis as it provides the opportunity to correct each other's errors and to make use of a greater knowledge base. These findings encourage the strategic use of collaboration with a colleague when making complex decisions. Further research into the underlying processes is needed.
    Keywords Collaboration ; Decision Making ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Entscheidungsfindung in der Gruppe ; Group Decision Making ; Kollaboration ; Medical Diagnosis ; Medical Students ; Medizinische Diagnostik ; Medizinstudierende ; Teams
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1477211-5
    ISSN 1099-0771 ; 0894-3257
    ISSN (online) 1099-0771
    ISSN 0894-3257
    DOI 10.1002/bdm.2357
    Database PSYNDEX

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  5. Article ; Online: Differential diagnosis checklists reduce diagnostic error differentially: A randomised experiment.

    Kämmer, Juliane E / Schauber, Stefan K / Hautz, Stefanie C / Stroben, Fabian / Hautz, Wolf E

    Medical education

    2021  Volume 55, Issue 10, Page(s) 1172–1182

    Abstract: Introduction: Wrong and missed diagnoses contribute substantially to medical error. Can a prompt to generate alternative diagnoses (prompt) or a differential diagnosis checklist (DDXC) increase diagnostic accuracy? How do these interventions affect the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Wrong and missed diagnoses contribute substantially to medical error. Can a prompt to generate alternative diagnoses (prompt) or a differential diagnosis checklist (DDXC) increase diagnostic accuracy? How do these interventions affect the diagnostic process and self-monitoring?
    Methods: Advanced medical students (N = 90) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions to complete six computer-based patient cases: group 1 (prompt) was instructed to write down all diagnoses they considered while acquiring diagnostic test results and to finally rank them. Groups 2 and 3 received the same instruction plus a list of 17 differential diagnoses for the chief complaint of the patient. For half of the cases, the DDXC contained the correct diagnosis (DDXC+), and for the other half, it did not (DDXC-; counterbalanced). Group 4 (control) was only instructed to indicate their final diagnosis. Mixed-effects models were used to analyse results.
    Results: Students using a DDXC that contained the correct diagnosis had better diagnostic accuracy, mean (standard deviation), 0.75 (0.44), compared to controls without a checklist, 0.49 (0.50), P < 0.001, but those using a DDXC that did not contain the correct diagnosis did slightly worse, 0.43 (0.50), P = 0.602. The number and relevance of diagnostic tests acquired were not affected by condition, nor was self-monitoring. However, participants spent more time on a case in the DDXC-, 4:20 min (2:36), P ≤ 0.001, and DDXC+ condition, 3:52 min (2:09), than in the control condition, 2:59 min (1:44), P ≤ 0.001.
    Discussion: Being provided a list of possible diagnoses improves diagnostic accuracy compared with a prompt to create a differential diagnosis list, if the provided list contains the correct diagnosis. However, being provided a diagnosis list without the correct diagnosis did not improve and might have slightly reduced diagnostic accuracy. Interventions neither affected information gathering nor self-monitoring.
    MeSH term(s) Checklist ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 195274-2
    ISSN 1365-2923 ; 0308-0110
    ISSN (online) 1365-2923
    ISSN 0308-0110
    DOI 10.1111/medu.14596
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Do different response formats affect how test takers approach a clinical reasoning task? An experimental study on antecedents of diagnostic accuracy using a constructed response and a selected response format.

    Schauber, Stefan K / Hautz, Stefanie C / Kämmer, Juliane E / Stroben, Fabian / Hautz, Wolf E

    Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 1339–1354

    Abstract: The use of response formats in assessments of medical knowledge and clinical reasoning continues to be the focus of both research and debate. In this article, we report on an experimental study in which we address the question of how much list-type ... ...

    Abstract The use of response formats in assessments of medical knowledge and clinical reasoning continues to be the focus of both research and debate. In this article, we report on an experimental study in which we address the question of how much list-type selected response formats and short-essay type constructed response formats are related to differences in how test takers approach clinical reasoning tasks. The design of this study was informed by a framework developed within cognitive psychology which stresses the importance of the interplay between two components of reasoning-self-monitoring and response inhibition-while solving a task or case. The results presented support the argument that different response formats are related to different processing behavior. Importantly, the pattern of how different factors are related to a correct response in both situations seem to be well in line with contemporary accounts of reasoning. Consequently, we argue that when designing assessments of clinical reasoning, it is crucial to tap into the different facets of this complex and important medical process.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Reasoning ; Humans ; Problem Solving
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1352832-4
    ISSN 1573-1677 ; 1382-4996
    ISSN (online) 1573-1677
    ISSN 1382-4996
    DOI 10.1007/s10459-021-10052-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Frequency and predictors of unspecific medical diagnoses in the emergency department: a prospective observational study.

    Birrenbach, Tanja / Hoffmann, Michele / Hautz, Stefanie C / Kämmer, Juliane E / Exadaktylos, Aristomenis K / Sauter, Thomas C / Müller, Martin / Hautz, Wolf E

    BMC emergency medicine

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 109

    Abstract: Background: Misdiagnosis is a major public health problem, causing increased morbidity and mortality. In the busy setting of an emergency department (ED) patients are diagnosed under difficult circumstances. As a consequence, the ED diagnosis at ... ...

    Abstract Background: Misdiagnosis is a major public health problem, causing increased morbidity and mortality. In the busy setting of an emergency department (ED) patients are diagnosed under difficult circumstances. As a consequence, the ED diagnosis at hospital admittance may often be a descriptive diagnosis, such as "decreased general condition". Our objective was to determine in how far patients with such an unspecific ED diagnosis differ from patients with a specific ED diagnosis and whether they experience a worse outcome.
    Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in Bern university hospital in Switzerland for all adult non-trauma patients admitted to any internal medicine ward from August 15th 2015 to December 7th 2015. Unspecific ED diagnoses were defined through the clinical classification software for ICD-10 by two outcome assessors. As outcome parameters, we assessed in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay.
    Results: Six hundred eighty six consecutive patients were included. Unspecific diagnoses were identified in 100 (14.6%) of all consultations. Patients receiving an unspecific diagnosis at ED discharge were significantly more often women (56.0% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.024), presented more often with a non-specific complaint (34% vs. 21%, p = 0.004), were less often demonstrating an abnormal heart rate (5.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.03), and less often on antibiotics (32.0% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.002). Apart from these, no studied drug intake, laboratory or clinical data including change in diagnosis was associated significantly with an unspecific diagnosis. Unspecific diagnoses were neither associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariable analysis (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.60-5.04; p = 0.305) adjusted for relevant confounders nor with length of hospital stay (GMR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.23-3.32; p = 0.840).
    Conclusions: Women and patients with non-specific presenting complaints and no abnormal heart rate are at risk of receiving unspecific ED diagnoses that do not allow for targeted treatment, discharge and prognosis. This study did not find an effect of such diagnoses on length of hospital stay nor in-hospital mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Patient Discharge ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050431-7
    ISSN 1471-227X ; 1471-227X
    ISSN (online) 1471-227X
    ISSN 1471-227X
    DOI 10.1186/s12873-022-00665-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The Utility of an Online Forward Triage Tool During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Health Care Provider and Health Authority Perspectives.

    Michel, Janet / Kilb, Tim S / Mettler, Annette / Müller, Martin / Hautz, Wolf E / Hautz, Stefanie C / Sauter, Thomas C

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 845996

    Abstract: Introduction: The SARS CoV-2 pandemic poses major challenges not only to patients but also to health care professionals and policy-makers, with rapidly changing, sometimes complex, recommendations, and guidelines to the population. Online forward triage ...

    Abstract Introduction: The SARS CoV-2 pandemic poses major challenges not only to patients but also to health care professionals and policy-makers, with rapidly changing, sometimes complex, recommendations, and guidelines to the population. Online forward triage tools (OFTT) got a major boost from the pandemic as they helped with the implementation and monitoring of recommendations.
    Methods: A multiphase mixed method sequential explanatory study design was employed. Quantitative data were collected first and informed the qualitative interview guides. Video interviews were held with key informants (health care providers and health authorities) between 2 September and 10 December 2020. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim, coded thematically and compared with patient perspectives (framework).
    Objectives: To explore the perspectives of health care providers and authorities in Canton Bern on the utility of a COVID-19 OFTT, as well as elicit recommendations for telehealth in future.
    Results: The following themes emerged; (i) accessibility (ii) health system burden reduction (iii) utility in preventing onward transmission (iv) utility in allaying fear and anxiety (v) medical decision-making utility (vi) utility as information source (vii) utility in planning and systems thinking. The health care providers and health authorities further provided insights on potential barriers and facilitators of telehealth in future.
    Conclusion: Similar to patients, health care providers acknowledge the potential and utility of the COVID-19 OFTT particularly as an information source and in reducing the health system burden. Data privacy, doctor-patient relationship, resistance to change, regulatory, and mandate issues, and lack of systems thinking were revealed as barriers to COVID-19 OFTT utility.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Physician-Patient Relations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Triage
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845996
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Digital competencies in medical education in Switzerland: an overview of the current situation.

    Hautz, Stefanie C / Hoffmann, Michele / Exadaktylos, Aristomenis K / Hautz, Wolf E / Sauter, Thomas C

    GMS journal for medical education

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) Doc62

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data ; Curriculum ; Digital Technology ; Education, Medical/standards ; Faculty, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Switzerland
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2366-5017
    ISSN (online) 2366-5017
    DOI 10.3205/zma001355
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Automated identification of diagnostic labelling errors in medicine.

    Hautz, Wolf E / Kündig, Moritz M / Tschanz, Roger / Birrenbach, Tanja / Schuster, Alexander / Bürkle, Thomas / Hautz, Stefanie C / Sauter, Thomas C / Krummrey, Gert

    Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 241–249

    Abstract: Objectives: Identification of diagnostic error is complex and mostly relies on expert ratings, a severely limited procedure. We developed a system that allows to automatically identify diagnostic labelling error from diagnoses coded according to the ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Identification of diagnostic error is complex and mostly relies on expert ratings, a severely limited procedure. We developed a system that allows to automatically identify diagnostic labelling error from diagnoses coded according to the international classification of diseases (ICD), often available as routine health care data.
    Methods: The system developed (index test) was validated against rater based classifications taken from three previous studies of diagnostic labeling error (reference standard). The system compares pairs of diagnoses through calculation of their distance within the ICD taxonomy. Calculation is based on four different algorithms. To assess the concordance between index test and reference standard, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and corresponding confidence intervals. Analysis were conducted overall and separately per algorithm and type of available dataset.
    Results: Diagnoses of 1,127 cases were analyzed. Raters previously classified 24.58% of cases as diagnostic labelling errors (ranging from 12.3 to 87.2% in the three datasets). AUROC ranged between 0.821 and 0.837 overall, depending on the algorithm used to calculate the index test (95% CIs ranging from 0.8 to 0.86). Analyzed per type of dataset separately, the highest AUROC was 0.924 (95% CI 0.887-0.962).
    Conclusions: The trigger system to automatically identify diagnostic labeling error from routine health care data performs excellent, and is unaffected by the reference standards' limitations. It is however only applicable to cases with pairs of diagnoses, of which one must be more accurate or otherwise superior than the other, reflecting a prevalent definition of a diagnostic labeling error.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2194-802X
    ISSN (online) 2194-802X
    DOI 10.1515/dx-2021-0039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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