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  1. Article: Identification of Differential Genes of DNA Methylation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease Based on Integrated Bioinformatics and Its Diagnostic Significance.

    Chen, Fan / Wang, Na / He, Xiaping

    Frontiers in aging neuroscience

    2022  Volume 14, Page(s) 884367

    Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenesis is complex and has not been clearly elucidated, and there is no effective treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation is closely associated ...

    Abstract Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenesis is complex and has not been clearly elucidated, and there is no effective treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD, which sheds light on investigating potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of early AD and related possible therapeutic approaches.
    Methods: Alzheimer's disease patients samples and healthy controls samples were collected from two datasets in the GEO database. Using LIMMA software package in R language to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Afterward, DEGs have been subjected to enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways. The PPI networks and Hub genes were created and visualized based on the STRING database and Cytoscape. ROC curves were further constructed to analyze the accuracy of these genes for AD diagnosis.
    Results: Analysis of the GSE109887 and GSE97760 datasets showed 477 significant DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed terms related to biological processes related to these genes. The top ten Hub genes were found on the basis of the PPI network using the CytoHubba plugin, and the AUC areas of these top ranked genes were all greater than 0.7, showing satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.
    Conclusion: The study identified the top 10 Hub genes associated with AD-related DNA methylation, of which
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2558898-9
    ISSN 1663-4365
    ISSN 1663-4365
    DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2022.884367
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  2. Article: The Protective Effect of Mangiferin on Formaldehyde-Induced HT22 Cell Damage and Cognitive Impairment.

    Chen, Fan / Wang, Na / Tian, Xinyan / Su, Juan / Qin, Yan / He, Rongqiao / He, Xiaping

    Pharmaceutics

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 6

    Abstract: Formaldehyde (FA) has been found to induce major Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like features including cognitive impairment, Aβ deposition, and Tau hyperphosphorylation, suggesting that it may play a significant role in the initiation and progression of AD. ... ...

    Abstract Formaldehyde (FA) has been found to induce major Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like features including cognitive impairment, Aβ deposition, and Tau hyperphosphorylation, suggesting that it may play a significant role in the initiation and progression of AD. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism underlying FA-induced neurotoxicity is crucial for exploring more comprehensive approaches to delay or prevent the development of AD. Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural C-glucosyl-xanthone with promising neuroprotective effects, and is considered to have potential in the treatment of AD. The present study was designed to characterize the effects and mechanisms by which MGF protects against FA-induced neurotoxicity. The results in murine hippocampal cells (HT22) revealed that co-treatment with MGF significantly decreased FA-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited Tau hyperphosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. It was further found that these protective effects were achieved by attenuating FA-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), as indicated by the inhibition of the ERS markers, GRP78 and CHOP, and downstream Tau-associated kinases (GSK-3β and CaMKII) expression. In addition, MGF markedly inhibited FA-induced oxidative damage, including Ca
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061568
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  3. Article: Molecular signatures of in situ to invasive progression for basal-like breast cancers: An integrated mouse model and human DCIS study.

    Thennavan, Aatish / Garcia-Recio, Susana / Liu, Siyao / He, Xiaping / Perou, Charles M

    NPJ breast cancer

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 83

    Abstract: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and thus the identification of features that may predict DCIS progression would be of potential clinical value. Experimental mouse models can be ... ...

    Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and thus the identification of features that may predict DCIS progression would be of potential clinical value. Experimental mouse models can be used to address this challenge by studying DCIS-to-IDC biology. Here we utilize single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on the C3Tag genetically engineered mouse model that forms DCIS-like precursor lesions and for which many lesions progress into end-stage basal-like molecular subtype IDC. We also perform bulk RNAseq analysis on 10 human synchronous DCIS-IDC pairs comprised of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER-negative subsets and utilize 2 additional public human DCIS data sets for comparison to our mouse model. By identifying malignant cells using inferred DNA copy number changes from the murine C3Tag scRNAseq data, we show the existence of cancer cells within the C3Tag pre-DCIS, DCIS, and IDC-like tumor specimens. These cancer cells were further classified into proliferative, hypoxic, and inflammatory subpopulations, which change in frequency in DCIS versus IDC. The C3Tag tumor progression model was also associated with increase in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and decrease in activated T cells in IDC. Importantly, we translate the C3Tag murine genomic findings into human DCIS where we find common features only with human basal-like DCIS, suggesting there are intrinsic subtype unique DCIS features. This study identifies several tumor and microenvironmental features associated with DCIS progression and may also provide genomic signatures that can identify progression-prone DCIS within the context of human basal-like breast cancers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2374-4677
    ISSN 2374-4677
    DOI 10.1038/s41523-022-00450-w
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  4. Article: Age-associated changes in amyloid-β and formaldehyde concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys.

    Li, Zhen-Hui / He, Xia-Ping / Li, Hao / He, Rong-Qiao / Hu, Xin-Tian

    Zoological research

    2020  Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 444–448

    Abstract: Rhesus monkeys ( ...

    Abstract Rhesus monkeys (
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid ; Animals ; Formaldehyde/cerebrospinal fluid ; Macaca mulatta/cerebrospinal fluid ; Macaca mulatta/physiology
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Formaldehyde (1HG84L3525)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-16
    Publishing country China
    Document type Letter
    ISSN 2095-8137
    ISSN 2095-8137
    DOI 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.088
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  5. Article ; Online: Integrated DNA and RNA Sequencing Reveals Drivers of Endocrine Resistance in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

    Xia, Youli / He, Xiaping / Renshaw, Lorna / Martinez-Perez, Carlos / Kay, Charlene / Gray, Mark / Meehan, James / Parker, Joel S / Perou, Charles M / Carey, Lisa A / Dixon, J Michael / Turnbull, Arran

    Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 16, Page(s) 3618–3629

    Abstract: Purpose: Endocrine therapy resistance (ETR) remains the greatest challenge in treating patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We set out to identify molecular mechanisms underlying ETR through in-depth genomic analysis of breast tumors.!# ...

    Abstract Purpose: Endocrine therapy resistance (ETR) remains the greatest challenge in treating patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We set out to identify molecular mechanisms underlying ETR through in-depth genomic analysis of breast tumors.
    Experimental design: We collected pre-treatment and sequential on-treatment tumor samples from 35 patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant then adjuvant endocrine therapy; 3 had intrinsic resistance, 19 acquired resistance, and 13 remained sensitive. Response was determined by changes in tumor volume neoadjuvantly and by monitoring for adjuvant recurrence. Twelve patients received two or more lines of endocrine therapy, with subsequent treatment lines being initiated at the time of development of resistance to the previous endocrine therapy. DNA whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on all samples, totalling 169 unique specimens. DNA mutations, copy-number alterations, and gene expression data were analyzed through unsupervised and supervised analyses to identify molecular features related to ETR.
    Results: Mutations enriched in ETR included ESR1 and GATA3. The known ESR1 D538G variant conferring ETR was identified, as was a rarer E380Q variant that confers endocrine hypersensitivity. Resistant tumors which acquired resistance had distinct gene expression profiles compared with paired sensitive tumors, showing elevated pathways including ER, HER2, GATA3, AKT, RAS, and p63 signaling. Integrated analysis in individual patients highlighted the diversity of ETR mechanisms.
    Conclusions: The mechanisms underlying ETR are multiple and characterized by diverse changes in both somatic genetic and transcriptomic profiles; to overcome resistance will require an individualized approach utilizing genomic and genetic biomarkers and drugs tailored to each patient.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; DNA ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Whole Exome Sequencing
    Chemical Substances Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Receptors, Estrogen ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225457-5
    ISSN 1557-3265 ; 1078-0432
    ISSN (online) 1557-3265
    ISSN 1078-0432
    DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3189
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    Zs.A 4223: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Molecular cloning and characterization of two pig vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R).

    He, Xiaping / Meng, Fengyan / Wang, Yajun / Li, Juan

    DNA and cell biology

    2014  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 259–270

    Abstract: We here report the cloning, tissue expression, and functional analyses of the two pig vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors (pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R). The cloned full-length pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R share high structural similarity with their ... ...

    Abstract We here report the cloning, tissue expression, and functional analyses of the two pig vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors (pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R). The cloned full-length pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R share high structural similarity with their mammalian counterparts. Functional assay revealed that the full-length pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R-expressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be activated by pVIP and pPACAP38 potently, indicating that pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R are capable of binding VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). In addition to the identification of the transcripts encoding the two full-length receptors, multiple splice transcript variants were isolated. Comparison with the pig genome database revealed that pVPAC1-R and pVPAC2-R share a unique gene structure with 14 exons different from other vertebrates. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays further showed that the transcript encoding the full-length pVPAC2-R is widely expressed in all adult tissues whereas the splice variants of pVPAC1-R are predominantly expressed in all tissues instead of the transcript encoding the full-length receptor, hinting that pVPAC2-R may play more important roles than pVPAC1-R in mediating VIP and PACAP actions. Our present findings help to elucidate the important role of VIP and PACAP and promote to rethink of their species-specific physiological roles including their actions in regulation of phenotypic traits in pigs.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CHO Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA Primers/genetics ; Gene Components ; Luciferases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/genetics ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/metabolism ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/genetics ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Sus scrofa/genetics ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Protein Isoforms ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7) ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1024454-2
    ISSN 1557-7430 ; 0198-0238 ; 1044-5498
    ISSN (online) 1557-7430
    ISSN 0198-0238 ; 1044-5498
    DOI 10.1089/dna.2013.2235
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    Zs.A 2061: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Supervised Risk Predictor of Breast Cancer Based on Intrinsic Subtypes.

    Parker, Joel S / Mullins, Michael / Cheang, Maggie C U / Leung, Samuel / Voduc, David / Vickery, Tammi / Davies, Sherri / Fauron, Christiane / He, Xiaping / Hu, Zhiyuan / Quackenbush, John F / Stijleman, Inge J / Palazzo, Juan / Marron, J S / Nobel, Andrew B / Mardis, Elaine / Nielsen, Torsten O / Ellis, Matthew J / Perou, Charles M /
    Bernard, Philip S

    Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 26, Page(s) 4192–4199

    Abstract: Purpose: To improve on current standards for breast cancer prognosis and prediction of chemotherapy benefit by developing a risk model that incorporates the gene expression-based "intrinsic" subtypes luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like.!# ...

    Abstract Purpose: To improve on current standards for breast cancer prognosis and prediction of chemotherapy benefit by developing a risk model that incorporates the gene expression-based "intrinsic" subtypes luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like.
    Methods: A 50-gene subtype predictor was developed using microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction data from 189 prototype samples. Test sets from 761 patients (no systemic therapy) were evaluated for prognosis, and 133 patients were evaluated for prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) to a taxane and anthracycline regimen.
    Results: The intrinsic subtypes as discrete entities showed prognostic significance (
    Conclusion: Diagnosis by intrinsic subtype adds significant prognostic and predictive information to standard parameters for patients with breast cancer. The prognostic properties of the continuous risk score will be of value for the management of node-negative breast cancers. The subtypes and risk score can also be used to assess the likelihood of efficacy from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Corrected and Republished Article
    ZDB-ID 604914-x
    ISSN 1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
    ISSN (online) 1527-7755
    ISSN 0732-183X
    DOI 10.1200/JCO.22.02511
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    Zs.A 1847: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Entinostat induces antitumor immune responses through immune editing of tumor neoantigens.

    Truong, Andrew S / Zhou, Mi / Krishnan, Bhavani / Utsumi, Takanobu / Manocha, Ujjawal / Stewart, Kyle G / Beck, Wolfgang / Rose, Tracy L / Milowsky, Matthew I / He, Xiaping / Smith, Christof C / Bixby, Lisa M / Perou, Charles M / Wobker, Sara E / Bailey, Sean T / Vincent, Benjamin G / Kim, William Y

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2021  Volume 131, Issue 16

    Abstract: Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a remarkable advancement in bladder cancer treatment, the response rate to single-agent ICIs remains suboptimal. There has been substantial interest in the use of epigenetic agents to enhance ICI ... ...

    Abstract Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a remarkable advancement in bladder cancer treatment, the response rate to single-agent ICIs remains suboptimal. There has been substantial interest in the use of epigenetic agents to enhance ICI efficacy, although precisely how these agents potentiate ICI response has not been fully elucidated. We identified entinostat, a selective HDAC1/3 inhibitor, as a potent antitumor agent in our immune-competent bladder cancer mouse models (BBN963 and BBN966). We demonstrate that entinostat selectively promoted immune editing of tumor neoantigens, effectively remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in a robust antitumor response that was cell autonomous, dependent upon antigen presentation, and associated with increased numbers of neoantigen-specific T cells. Finally, combination treatment with anti-PD-1 and entinostat led to complete responses and conferred long-term immunologic memory. Our work defines a tumor cell-autonomous mechanism of action for entinostat and a strong preclinical rationale for the combined use of entinostat and PD-1 blockade in bladder cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology ; Benzamides/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity/drug effects ; Immunocompetence/drug effects ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; Benzamides ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Pyridines ; entinostat (1ZNY4FKK9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI138560
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    Ua VI Zs.184: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Tumor suppressor PLK2 may serve as a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer for improved response to PLK1 therapeutics.

    Gao, Yang / Kabotyanski, Elena B / Shepherd, Jonathan H / Villegas, Elizabeth / Acosta, Deanna / Hamor, Clark / Sun, Tingting / Montmeyor-Garcia, Celina / He, Xiaping / Dobrolecki, Lacey E / Westbrook, Thomas F / Lewis, Michael T / Hilsenbeck, Susan G / Zhang, Xiang H-F / Perou, Charles M / Rosen, Jeffrey M

    Cancer research communications

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 178–193

    Abstract: Polo-like kinase (PLK) family members play important roles in cell cycle regulation. The founding member PLK1 is oncogenic and preclinically validated as a cancer therapeutic target. Paradoxically, frequent loss of chromosome 5q11-35 which includes PLK2 ... ...

    Abstract Polo-like kinase (PLK) family members play important roles in cell cycle regulation. The founding member PLK1 is oncogenic and preclinically validated as a cancer therapeutic target. Paradoxically, frequent loss of chromosome 5q11-35 which includes PLK2 is observed in basal-like breast cancer. In this study, we found that PLK2 was tumor suppressive in breast cancer, preferentially in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Knockdown of PLK1 rescued phenotypes induced by PLK2-loss both
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Biomarkers ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; PLK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.-) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2767-9764
    ISSN (online) 2767-9764
    DOI 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Comparison of RNA-Seq by poly (A) capture, ribosomal RNA depletion, and DNA microarray for expression profiling.

    Zhao, Wei / He, Xiaping / Hoadley, Katherine A / Parker, Joel S / Hayes, David Neil / Perou, Charles M

    BMC genomics

    2014  Volume 15, Page(s) 419

    Abstract: Background: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is often used for transcriptome profiling as well as the identification of novel transcripts and alternative splicing events. Typically, RNA-Seq libraries are prepared from total RNA using poly(A) enrichment of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is often used for transcriptome profiling as well as the identification of novel transcripts and alternative splicing events. Typically, RNA-Seq libraries are prepared from total RNA using poly(A) enrichment of the mRNA (mRNA-Seq) to remove ribosomal RNA (rRNA), however, this method fails to capture non-poly(A) transcripts or partially degraded mRNAs. Hence, a mRNA-Seq protocol will not be compatible for use with RNAs coming from Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples.
    Results: To address the desire to perform RNA-Seq on FFPE materials, we evaluated two different library preparation protocols that could be compatible for use with small RNA fragments. We obtained paired Fresh Frozen (FF) and FFPE RNAs from multiple tumors and subjected these to different gene expression profiling methods. We tested 11 human breast tumor samples using: (a) FF RNAs by microarray, mRNA-Seq, Ribo-Zero-Seq and DSN-Seq (Duplex-Specific Nuclease) and (b) FFPE RNAs by Ribo-Zero-Seq and DSN-Seq. We also performed these different RNA-Seq protocols using 10 TCGA tumors as a validation set.The data from paired RNA samples showed high concordance in transcript quantification across all protocols and between FF and FFPE RNAs. In both FF and FFPE, Ribo-Zero-Seq removed rRNA with comparable efficiency as mRNA-Seq, and it provided an equivalent or less biased coverage on gene 3' ends. Compared to mRNA-Seq where 69% of bases were mapped to the transcriptome, DSN-Seq and Ribo-Zero-Seq contained significantly fewer reads mapping to the transcriptome (20-30%); in these RNA-Seq protocols, many if not most reads mapped to intronic regions. Approximately 14 million reads in mRNA-Seq and 45-65 million reads in Ribo-Zero-Seq or DSN-Seq were required to achieve the same gene detection levels as a standard Agilent DNA microarray.
    Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that compared to mRNA-Seq and microarrays, Ribo-Zero-Seq provides equivalent rRNA removal efficiency, coverage uniformity, genome-based mapped reads, and consistently high quality quantification of transcripts. Moreover, Ribo-Zero-Seq and DSN-Seq have consistent transcript quantification using FFPE RNAs, suggesting that RNA-Seq can be used with FFPE-derived RNAs for gene expression profiling.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Paraffin Embedding/methods ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA/classification ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Tissue Fixation
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Poly A (24937-83-5) ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2164
    ISSN (online) 1471-2164
    DOI 10.1186/1471-2164-15-419
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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