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  1. Article ; Online: A Glossary for Chemical Approaches towards Unlocking the Trove of Metabolic Treasures in Actinomycetes

    Jianye Zhang / Heba Ali Hassan / Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen / Eman Maher Zahran

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 142, p

    2022  Volume 142

    Abstract: Actinobacterial natural products showed a critical basis for the discovery of new antibiotics as well as other lead secondary metabolites. Varied environmental and physiological signals touch the antibiotic machinery that faced a serious decline in the ... ...

    Abstract Actinobacterial natural products showed a critical basis for the discovery of new antibiotics as well as other lead secondary metabolites. Varied environmental and physiological signals touch the antibiotic machinery that faced a serious decline in the last decades. The reason was exposed by genomic sequencing data, which revealed that Actinomycetes harbor a large portion of silent biosynthetic gene clusters in their genomes that encrypt for secondary metabolites. These gene clusters are linked with a great reservoir of yet unknown molecules, and arranging them is considered a major challenge for biotechnology approaches. In the present paper, we discuss the recent strategies that have been taken to augment the yield of secondary metabolites via awakening these cryptic genes in Actinomycetes with emphasis on chemical signaling molecules used to induce the antibiotics biosynthesis. The rationale, types, applications and mechanisms are discussed in detail, to reveal the productive path for the unearthing of new metabolites, covering the literature until the end of 2020.
    Keywords Actinomycetes ; antibiotics biosynthesis ; cryptic genes ; elicitors ; biological potential ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 500 ; 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A New EGFR Inhibitor from Ficus benghalensis Exerted Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity via Akt/PI3K Pathway Inhibition

    Rania Alaaeldin / Heba Ali Hassan / Islam M. Abdel-Rahman / Reham H. Mohyeldin / Nancy Youssef / Ahmed E. Allam / Sayed F. Abdelwahab / Qing-Li Zhao / Moustafa Fathy

    Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol 44, Iss 7, Pp 2967-

    2022  Volume 2981

    Abstract: Inflammation is a critical defensive mechanism mainly arising due to the production of prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase enzymes. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of fatty acid glucoside (FAG), which is isolated from Ficus ... ...

    Abstract Inflammation is a critical defensive mechanism mainly arising due to the production of prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase enzymes. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of fatty acid glucoside (FAG), which is isolated from Ficus benghalensis against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic activity of the FAG on RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated with an MTT assay. The levels of PGE2 and NO and the activity of iNOS, COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. The gene expression of IL-6 , TNF- α, and PGE2 was investigated by qRT-PCR. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and PI3K proteins was examined using Western blotting analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking of the new FAG against EGFR was investigated. A non-cytotoxic concentration of FAG increased NO release and iNOS activity, inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 activities, and reduced PGE2 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It diminished the expression of TNF-α , IL-6 , PGE2 , EGFR, Akt, and PI3K. Furthermore, the molecular docking study proposed the potential direct binding of FAG with EGFR with a high affinity. This study showed that FAG is a natural EGFR inhibitor, NO-releasing, and COX-inhibiting anti-inflammatory agent via EGFR/Akt/PI3K pathway inhibition.
    Keywords anti-inflammatory activity ; cyclooxygenases ; iNOS ; EGFR ; Akt/PI3K pathway ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Conducting the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant with Phytoconstituents from Euphorbia dendroides to Repudiate the Binding of Spike Glycoprotein Using Computational Molecular Search and Simulation Approach

    Heba Ali Hassan / Ahmed R. Hassan / Eslam A.R. Mohamed / Ahmad Al-Khdhairawi / Alaa Karkashan / Roba Attar / Khaled S. Allemailem / Waleed Al Abdulmonem / Kuniyoshi Shimizu / Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman / Ahmed E. Allam

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 2929, p

    2022  Volume 2929

    Abstract: 1) Background: Natural constituents are still a preferred route for counteracting the outbreak of COVID-19. Essentially, flavonoids have been found to be among the most promising molecules identified as coronavirus inhibitors. Recently, a new SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Natural constituents are still a preferred route for counteracting the outbreak of COVID-19. Essentially, flavonoids have been found to be among the most promising molecules identified as coronavirus inhibitors. Recently, a new SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant has spread in many countries, which has raised awareness of the role of natural constituents in attempts to contribute to therapeutic protocols. (2) Methods: Using various chromatographic techniques, triterpenes ( 1 – 7 ), phenolics ( 8 – 11 ), and flavonoids ( 12 – 17 ) were isolated from Euphorbia dendroides and computationally screened against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. As a first step, molecular docking calculations were performed for all investigated compounds. Promising compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (MD) for 200 ns, in addition to molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculations (MM/PBSA) to determine binding energy. (3) Results: MM/PBSA binding energy calculations showed that compound 14 (quercetin-3- O -β-D-glucuronopyranoside) and compound 15 (quercetin-3- O -glucuronide 6″- O -methyl ester) exhibited strong inhibition of Omicron, with Δ G binding of −41.0 and −32.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Finally, drug likeness evaluations based on Lipinski’s rule of five also showed that the discovered compounds exhibited good oral bioavailability. (4) Conclusions: It is foreseeable that these results provide a novel intellectual contribution in light of the decreasing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 and could be a good addition to the therapeutic protocol.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 Omicron ; Euphorbia dendroides ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamics ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A Comprehensive In Silico Study of New Metabolites from Heteroxenia fuscescens with SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Activity

    Fahd M. Abdelkarem / Alaa M. Nafady / Ahmed E. Allam / Mahmoud A. H. Mostafa / Rwaida A. Al Haidari / Heba Ali Hassan / Magdi E. A. Zaki / Hamdy K. Assaf / Mohamed R. Kamel / Sabry A. H. Zidan / Ahmed M. Sayed / Kuniyoshi Shimizu

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 7369, p

    2022  Volume 7369

    Abstract: Chemical investigation of the total extract of the Egyptian soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens , led to the isolation of eight compounds, including two new metabolites, sesquiterpene fusceterpene A ( 1 ) and a sterol fuscesterol A ( 4 ), along with six ... ...

    Abstract Chemical investigation of the total extract of the Egyptian soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens , led to the isolation of eight compounds, including two new metabolites, sesquiterpene fusceterpene A ( 1 ) and a sterol fuscesterol A ( 4 ), along with six known compounds. The structures of 1 – 8 were elucidated via intensive studies of their 1D, 2D-NMR, and HR-MS analyses, as well as a comparison of their spectral data with those mentioned in the literature. Subsequent comprehensive in-silico-based investigations against almost all viral proteins, including those of the new variants, e.g., Omicron, revealed the most probable target for these isolated compounds, which was found to be M pro . Additionally, the dynamic modes of interaction of the putatively active compounds were highlighted, depending on 50-ns-long MDS. In conclusion, the structural information provided in the current investigation highlights the antiviral potential of H. fuscescens metabolites with 3 β ,5 α ,6 β -trihydroxy steroids with different nuclei against SARS-CoV-2, including newly widespread variants.
    Keywords sterol ; virus ; sesquiterpene ; soft coral ; in silico ; molecular dynamic simulation ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Ameliorative role of a combination of chitosan, calcium, vitamins A and E against high fat diets-induced adverse effects in rats

    Atef Abdel-Moneem Ali / Anwar Mansour / El-sayed Abd-elkhalik Hassanine / Amal Hamed Abdel-Razek / Heba Ali Hassan Mahmoud

    Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, Vol 80, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background Chitosan is a promising natural source for controlling obesity. Obese people tend to use supplementary nutrients to compensate for their deficiencies in their diets. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effect of ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Chitosan is a promising natural source for controlling obesity. Obese people tend to use supplementary nutrients to compensate for their deficiencies in their diets. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effect of chitosan, calcium, and vitamins A and E supplements against the adverse effects of high-fat diet consumption in rats. Methods Twenty-five male albino rats were assigned into five equal groups. Control rats were fed standard basal diet (SBD). Another group was fed high-fat diet (HFD) without supplements. The other three groups were fed HFD containing 0, 400, and 800 mg of chitosan per kilogram diet, in presence of calcium and vitamins A and E supplements, daily for 10 weeks. Results As compared to controls, rats fed HFD without supplements showed significant elevations in body weight gain, feed consumption, relative weights of the heart and liver, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, very low-lipoprotein triglycerides, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde, as well as serum activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase. Moreover, significant declines in the relative kidney weight, serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, total proteins, albumin, globulin, calcium, vitamins A and E, erythrocyte glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase activity were recorded. Histopathological alterations were observed in rats fed HFD with or without supplements. On contrary, rats fed HFD containing chitosan and supplements showed remarkable improvement in all the studied parameters towards control values, in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Chitosan, calcium, and vitamins A and E attenuated the adverse effects caused by HFD intake in rats.
    Keywords Biochemical variables ; Biological parameters ; Calcium ; Fat-soluble vitamins ; High-fat diet ; Chitosan ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SpringerOpen
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Carpachromene Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Modulating IR/IRS1/PI3k/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 Pathway

    Rania Alaaeldin / Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman / Heba Ali Hassan / Nancy Youssef / Ahmed E. Allam / Sayed F. Abdelwahab / Qing-Li Zhao / Moustafa Fathy

    Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 7629, p

    2021  Volume 7629

    Abstract: Insulin resistance contributes to several disorders including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Carpachromene is a natural active compound that inhibits α-glucosidase enzyme. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential ... ...

    Abstract Insulin resistance contributes to several disorders including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Carpachromene is a natural active compound that inhibits α-glucosidase enzyme. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential activity of carpachromene on glucose consumption, metabolism and insulin signalling in a HepG2 cells insulin resistant model. A HepG2 insulin resistant cell model (HepG2/IRM) was established. Cell viability assay of HepG2/IRM cells was performed after carpachromene/metformin treatment. Glucose concentration and glycogen content were determined. Western blot analysis of insulin receptor, IRS1, IRS2, PI3k, Akt, GSK3, FoxO1 proteins after carpachromene treatment was performed. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and hexokinase (HK) enzymes activity was also estimated. Viability of HepG2/IRM cells was over 90% after carpachromene treatment at concentrations 6.3, 10, and 20 µg/mL. Treatment of HepG2/IRM cells with carpachromene decreased glucose concentration in a concentration- and time-dependant manner. In addition, carpachromene increased glycogen content of HepG2/IRM cells. Moreover, carpachromene treatment of HepG2/IRM cells significantly increased the expression of phosphorylated/total ratios of IR, IRS1, PI3K, Akt, GSK3, and FoxO1 proteins. Furthermore, PEPCK enzyme activity was significantly decreased, and HK enzyme activity was significantly increased after carpachromene treatment. The present study examined, for the first time, the potential antidiabetic activity of carpachromene on a biochemical and molecular basis. It increased the expression ratio of insulin receptor and IRS1 which further phosphorylated/activated PI3K/Akt pathway and phosphorylated/inhibited GSK3 and FoxO1 proteins. Our findings revealed that carpachromene showed central molecular regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signalling via IR/IRS1/ PI3K/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 pathway.
    Keywords carpachromene ; HepG2 cells ; insulin resistance ; insulin receptor ; PI3K/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 pathway ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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