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Article: Canine chronic enteropathy-Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts.

Jergens, Albert E / Heilmann, Romy M

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 923013

Abstract: Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, ...

Abstract	Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.923013
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Article ; Online: Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel.

Gothe, Julia / Pfetzing, Sarah / Ulrich, Reiner / Schrödl, Wieland / Baums, Christoph G / Heilmann, Romy M

BMC veterinary research

2024 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 136

Abstract: Background: Brachyspira (B.) pilosicoli is a zoonotic pathogen, able to infect different animal species such as pigs, poultry, and rodents, causing intestinal spirochetosis. An association of gastrointestinal clinical signs, such as diarrhea, with the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Brachyspira (B.) pilosicoli is a zoonotic pathogen, able to infect different animal species such as pigs, poultry, and rodents, causing intestinal spirochetosis. An association of gastrointestinal clinical signs, such as diarrhea, with the isolation of B. pilosicoli from fecal samples or rectal swabs has not been proven in dogs. Other Brachyspira species commonly isolated from dogs, such as "B. canis" and "B. pulli", are considered commensals. This study investigated the occurrence of different Brachyspira species in rectal swabs and fecal samples in an independent canine cohort in central Germany. These included samples from shelter dogs, hunting dogs, and dogs presenting at regional small animal practices with various clinical signs. Data about the dogs, including potential risk factors for Brachyspira isolation, were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. The study also longitudinally investigated a colony of Beagle dogs for Brachyspira over 5 years. Results: The rate of Brachyspira spp. isolation was 11% and included different Brachyspira species ("B. canis", "B. pulli", and B. pilosicoli). "B. canis" was detected in 18 dogs, whereas B. pilosicoli was only isolated from 1 dog in the independent cohort (not including the Beagle colony). Risk factors for shedding Brachyspira and "B. canis" were being less than 1 year of age and shelter origin. Gastrointestinal signs were not associated with the shedding of Brachyspira. B. pilosicoli and "B. canis" were isolated from several dogs of the same Beagle colony in 2017 and again in 2022, while Brachyspira was not isolated at multiple sampling time points in 2021. Conclusions: Shedding of B. pilosicoli in dogs appears to be uncommon in central Germany, suggesting a low risk of zoonotic transmission from dogs. Commensal status of "B. canis" and "B. pulli" is supported by the results of this study. Findings from the longitudinal investigation of the Beagle colony agree with an asymptomatic long-term colonization of dogs with "B. canis" and B. pilosicoli and suggest that introducing new animals in a pack can trigger an increased shedding of B. pilosicoli.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Swine ; Brachyspira ; Longitudinal Studies ; Poultry ; Risk Factors ; Germany/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191675-5
ISSN	1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
ISSN (online)	1746-6148
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-024-03989-x
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Article: Treatment success in cats with chronic enteropathy is associated with a decrease in fecal calprotectin concentrations.

Heilmann, Romy M / Riggers, Denise S / Trewin, Isla / Köller, Gábor / Kathrani, Aarti

Frontiers in veterinary science

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1390681

Abstract: Feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) are challenging to diagnose and monitor for progression and response to treatment. Fecal calprotectin might be a useful non-invasive marker to evaluate clinical endpoints of therapeutic monitoring in FCE. We evaluated ... ...

Abstract	Feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) are challenging to diagnose and monitor for progression and response to treatment. Fecal calprotectin might be a useful non-invasive marker to evaluate clinical endpoints of therapeutic monitoring in FCE. We evaluated fecal calprotectin concentrations in cats with FCE before and after initiation of treatment comprised of immunomodulation and/or dietary intervention. Included were 17 cats with FCE and 18 healthy controls. Clinical investigation of FCE cases included clinical severity grading (feline chronic enteropathy activity index, FCEAI) in all cats, abdominal ultrasonography in 15 cats, and gastrointestinal biopsies in 6 cats. Fecal calprotectin was measured in samples from 12 cats with FCE before treatment, all 17 FCE cats ≥6 weeks after treatment initiation, and all healthy controls. Fecal calprotectin concentrations in FCE cases before treatment (median: 61 μg/g) were significantly higher than after treatment initiation (median: 15 μg/g;
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2024.1390681
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Article ; Online: Akute Vergiftungen bei Hunden – Falluntersuchung über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren.

Markert, Carina / Heilmann, Romy M / Kiwitz, Dschaniena / Raum, Tobias / Dörfelt, René

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

2024 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 70–87

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical signs, confirmed or suspected toxicants, treatments and outcomes of poisoning cases in dogs presented over a 5-year period to the emergency service of a small animal referral ... ...

Title translation	Acute poisonings in dogs - a retrospective case study over 5 years.
Abstract	Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical signs, confirmed or suspected toxicants, treatments and outcomes of poisoning cases in dogs presented over a 5-year period to the emergency service of a small animal referral center. Material and methods: Medical records of 634 dogs were evaluated for a history of confirmed or presumed poisoning, suspected toxicant, clinical signs, treatment, and patient outcome. The probability of poisoning was graded based on the patient history, clinical findings, toxicologic examination and - in some cases - investigation of gastrointestinal contents. Results: Most dogs were hospitalized (77%) due to poisoning with mostly unknown toxicants (33%), food residues (18%), rodenticides (10%), tremorgenic mycotoxins (8%), medications (7%) and various plants (7%), followed by recreational drugs (5%), chemicals (4%), molluscicides (3%), antiparasitics (2%), feces (2%), nuts (2%), or toxins of animal origin (1%). Patients were presented predominantly showing neurologic signs (56%), reduced general condition (39%), and cardiovascular or hydration status abnormalities (26%). The survival rate was 97%. Most dogs were clinically unremarkable at the time of hospital discharge (70%). An additional 18% of the survivors had no apparent complications by the time of discharge. Toxicant-related complications (20.5%) included hemorrhage (4%), hepatic (4%), renal (4%), respiratory (3%), gastrointestinal (3%), cardiovascular (3%), and/or central nervous system (3%) complications, or clinically relevant hypoglycemia (0.3%). Conclusion and clinical relevance: In the present study, poisoning in dogs was mostly associated with the ingestion of food residues, but the causative toxicant remained unidentified in many cases. Neurological signs were the major clinical presentation. The survival rate (97%) in this study was higher compared to those reported by other investigators.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Retrospective Studies ; Dog Diseases/chemically induced ; Poisoning/veterinary ; Poisoning/epidemiology ; Poisoning/therapy ; Male ; Female
Language	German
Publishing date	2024-05-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	2567-5842
ISSN (online)	2567-5842
DOI	10.1055/a-2290-2393
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Article: Verification of the fCAL turbo immunoturbidimetric assay for measurement of the fecal calprotectin concentration in dogs and cats

Enderle, Lena L. / Köller, Gabor / Heilmann, Romy M.

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation. 2022 Sept., v. 34, no. 5

2022

Abstract: The concentration of calprotectin in feces (fCal) is a clinically useful marker of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and dogs. No commercial assay is widely available to measure fCal in small animal medicine, to date. Thus, we verified the ... ...

Abstract	The concentration of calprotectin in feces (fCal) is a clinically useful marker of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and dogs. No commercial assay is widely available to measure fCal in small animal medicine, to date. Thus, we verified the immunoturbidimetric fCAL turbo assay (Bühlmann) of fCal for canine and feline fecal extracts by determining linearity, spiking and recovery, and intra-assay and inter-assay variability. We determined RIs, temporal variation over 3 mo, and effect of vaccination and NSAID treatment. Observed:expected (O:E) ratios (x̄ ± SD) for serial dilutions of feces were 89–131% (106 ± 9%) in dogs and 77–122% (100 ± 12%) in cats. For spiking and recovery, the O:E ratios were 90–118% (102 ± 11%) in dogs and 83–235% (129 ± 42%) in cats. Intra- and inter-assay CVs for canine samples were ≤19% and ≤7%, and for feline samples ≤22% and ≤21%. Single-sample RIs were <41 μg/g for dogs and <64 μg/g for cats. With low reciprocal individuality indices, using population-based fCal RIs is appropriate, and moderate fCal changes between measurements (dogs 44.0%; cats: 43.2%) are considered relevant. Cats had significant (but unlikely relevant) fCal increases post-vaccination. Despite individual fCal spikes, no differences were seen during NSAID treatment. The fCAL turbidimetric assay is linear, precise, reproducible, and sufficiently accurate for measuring fCal in dogs and cats. Careful interpretation of fCal concentrations is warranted in both species during the peri-vaccination period and for some patients receiving NSAID treatment.
Keywords	cats ; dogs ; feces ; gastrointestinal system ; inflammation ; medicine ; temporal variation ; vaccination
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 813-824.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/10406387221114031
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Electrolyte imbalances in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies

Heilmann, Romy M. / Becher, Anja / Dengler, Franziska

Topics in companion animal medicine. 2022 Jan., Feb., v. 46

2022

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in humans are associated with electrolyte shifts and diarrhea. Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs produce inflammatory lesions usually located more diffusely throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in humans are associated with electrolyte shifts and diarrhea. Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs produce inflammatory lesions usually located more diffusely throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of electrolyte imbalances in canine CIE is unknown. We retrospectively evaluated serum electrolyte (Na⁺, Cl⁻, corrected Cl⁻, and K⁺) concentrations in 37 dogs with CIE.Hypokalemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality, affecting 7 (19%) CIE dogs and with no difference between food-responsive and immunosuppressant-responsive (IRE) cases. Hyponatremia was less common (14%) and predominantly seen with IRE; serum Na⁺ concentration correlated with the severity of diarrhea and duodenal histologic lesions. Hypo- (5%) and hyperchloridemia (11%) were also detected.Electrolyte imbalances occur with equal frequency in canine CIE and human IBD. Increased K⁺ secretion might exceed compromised Na⁺/Cl⁻ absorption or K⁺ shifts might be more pronounced in canine CIE. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying CIE-associated diarrhea warrant further research.
Keywords	absorption ; blood serum ; diarrhea ; digestive tract ; dogs ; electrolytes ; histology ; humans ; hyponatremia ; medicine ; pets ; secretion
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1938-9736
DOI	10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100597
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Time to eRAASe chronic inflammation: current advances and future perspectives on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and chronic intestinal inflammation in dogs and humans.

Heilmann, Romy M / Csukovich, Georg / Burgener, Iwan A / Dengler, Franziska

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1180125

Abstract: Chronic idiopathic intestinal inflammation is an increasing worldwide problem that affects companion animals, especially dogs, and human patients. Although these disease entities have been intensely investigated recently, many questions remain, and ... ...

Abstract	Chronic idiopathic intestinal inflammation is an increasing worldwide problem that affects companion animals, especially dogs, and human patients. Although these disease entities have been intensely investigated recently, many questions remain, and alternative therapeutic options are needed. Diarrhea caused by dysregulation of intestinal electrolyte transport and subsequent fluid and electrolyte losses often leads to secondary consequences for the patient. Currently, it is not exactly clear which mechanisms are involved in the dysregulation of intestinal fluid absorption, but differences in intestinal electrolyte shifts between human and canine patients suggest species-specific regulatory or counterregulatory mechanisms. Several intestinal electrolyte transporters are differentially expressed in human patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whereas there are virtually no studies on electrolyte transporters and their endocrine regulation in canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy. An important mechanism involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), which may affect intestinal Na
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1180125
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Article ; Online: Verification of the fCAL turbo immunoturbidimetric assay for measurement of the fecal calprotectin concentration in dogs and cats.

Enderle, Lena L / Köller, Gabor / Heilmann, Romy M

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

2022 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 813–824

Abstract	The concentration of calprotectin in feces (fCal) is a clinically useful marker of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and dogs. No commercial assay is widely available to measure fCal in small animal medicine, to date. Thus, we verified the immunoturbidimetric fCAL turbo assay (Bühlmann) of fCal for canine and feline fecal extracts by determining linearity, spiking and recovery, and intra-assay and inter-assay variability. We determined RIs, temporal variation over 3 mo, and effect of vaccination and NSAID treatment. Observed:expected (O:E) ratios (x̄ ± SD) for serial dilutions of feces were 89-131% (106 ± 9%) in dogs and 77-122% (100 ± 12%) in cats. For spiking and recovery, the O:E ratios were 90-118% (102 ± 11%) in dogs and 83-235% (129 ± 42%) in cats. Intra- and inter-assay CVs for canine samples were ≤19% and ≤7%, and for feline samples ≤22% and ≤21%. Single-sample RIs were <41 μg/g for dogs and <64 μg/g for cats. With low reciprocal individuality indices, using population-based fCal RIs is appropriate, and moderate fCal changes between measurements (dogs 44.0%; cats: 43.2%) are considered relevant. Cats had significant (but unlikely relevant) fCal increases post-vaccination. Despite individual fCal spikes, no differences were seen during NSAID treatment. The fCAL turbidimetric assay is linear, precise, reproducible, and sufficiently accurate for measuring fCal in dogs and cats. Careful interpretation of fCal concentrations is warranted in both species during the peri-vaccination period and for some patients receiving NSAID treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Cat Diseases/diagnosis ; Cats ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Dogs ; Feces ; Humans ; Immunoturbidimetry/veterinary ; Inflammation/veterinary ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Biomarkers ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/10406387221114031
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Fulminant Pneumonia Due to Reactivation of Latent Toxoplasmosis in a Cat-A Case Report.

Fietz, Simone A / Grochow, Thomas / Schares, Gereon / Töpfer, Tanja / Heilmann, Romy M

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1

Abstract: Toxoplasma (T.) ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma (T.) gondii
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens13010007
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Article ; Online: Chronische Enteropathien bei der Katze – diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte.

Ewald, Nicole / Rödler, Frauke / Heilmann, Romy M

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

2021 Volume 49, Issue 5, Page(s) 363–376

Abstract: Chronic enteropathies are characterized by persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal signs including vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, anorexia and lethargy for a minimum duration of 3 weeks. Diagnosis is by excluding other disease processes and includes ... ...

Title translation	Chronic enteropathies in cats - diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Abstract	Chronic enteropathies are characterized by persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal signs including vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, anorexia and lethargy for a minimum duration of 3 weeks. Diagnosis is by excluding other disease processes and includes faecal examinations, blood screenings (e. g., thyroidal, pancreatic, liver dysfunctions, investigation for infectious diseases, vitamin B
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biopsy/veterinary ; Cat Diseases/diagnosis ; Cat Diseases/drug therapy ; Cats ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/veterinary ; Lymphoma/veterinary ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2567-5842
ISSN (online)	2567-5842
DOI	10.1055/a-1584-9705
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