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  1. Article: Food and farming beyond the Alpine lake zone: the archaeobotany of the Copper Age settlements of Lenzing-Burgstall and Ansfelden-Burgwiese in Upper Austria, and an early occurrence of Triticum spelta (spelt)

    Jakobitsch, Thorsten / Heiss, Andreas G. / Kowarik, Kerstin / Maurer, Jakob / Trebsche, Peter / Taylor, Timothy

    Vegetation history and archaeobotany. 2022 Apr., v. 31, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: An international research project (FWF I-1693) recently finished investigating archaeological sites in the hinterland of the lake pile dwelling sites of Mondsee and Attersee in Oberösterreich (Upper Austria), with the goal of reconstructing the spatial ... ...

    Abstract An international research project (FWF I-1693) recently finished investigating archaeological sites in the hinterland of the lake pile dwelling sites of Mondsee and Attersee in Oberösterreich (Upper Austria), with the goal of reconstructing the spatial networks of Copper Age (agri-)cultural landscapes and human-environmental interactions in the region. Charred plant macroremains from the two hinterland sites of Lenzing-Burgstall (1,517 plant macrofossil finds in total) and Ansfelden-Burgwiese (24,115 total finds) from Copper Age (= Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic) cultural layers were analysed as a contribution towards elucidating the agricultural practices and food choices of the inhabitants. Despite the generally poor state of preservation at Lenzing-Burgstall, a rich spectrum of cultivated crops with barley, einkorn and emmer wheats, and lentil, together with surprisingly high quantities of hazelnut shell fragments were identified. The site of Ansfelden-Burgwiese, on the other hand, contributed not only additional taxa (free-threshing wheat and Triticum cf. timopheevii) to the spectrum, but also the earliest evidence for Triticum spelta (spelt) in the region so far.
    Keywords Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta ; Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum ; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon ; archaeobotany ; barley ; hazelnuts ; hinterland ; history ; lakes ; lentils ; research projects ; vegetation ; wheat ; Austria
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 123-136.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1481434-1
    ISSN 1617-6278 ; 0939-6314
    ISSN (online) 1617-6278
    ISSN 0939-6314
    DOI 10.1007/s00334-021-00843-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Dig out, Dig in! Plant-based diet at the Late Bronze Age copper production site of Prigglitz-Gasteil (Lower Austria) and the relevance of processed foodstuffs for the supply of Alpine Bronze Age miners.

    Heiss, Andreas G / Jakobitsch, Thorsten / Wiesinger, Silvia / Trebsche, Peter

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e0248287

    Abstract: This paper starts from theoretical and methodical considerations about the role of archaeobotanical finds in culinary archaeology, emphasizing the importance of processed cereal preparations as the "missing link" between crop and consumption. These ... ...

    Abstract This paper starts from theoretical and methodical considerations about the role of archaeobotanical finds in culinary archaeology, emphasizing the importance of processed cereal preparations as the "missing link" between crop and consumption. These considerations are exemplified by the discussion of abundant new archaeobotanical data from the Late Bronze Age copper mining site of Prigglitz-Gasteil, situated at the easternmost fringe of the Alps. At this site, copper ore mining in opencast mines took place from the 11th until the 9th century BCE (late Urnfield Culture), as well as copper processing (beneficiation, smelting, refining, casting) on artificial terrain terraces. During archaeological excavations from 2010 to 2014, two areas of the site were investigated and sampled for archaeobotanical finds and micro-debris in a high-resolution approach. This paper aims at 1) analysing the food plant spectrum at the mining settlement of Prigglitz-Gasteil basing on charred plant macroremains, 2) investigating producer/consumer aspects of Prigglitz-Gasteil in comparison to the Bronze Age metallurgical sites of Kiechlberg, Klinglberg, and Mauken, and 3) reconstructing the miners' and metallurgists' diets. Our analyses demonstrate that the plant-based diet of the investigated mining communities reflects the general regional and chronological trends rather than particular preferences of the miners or metallurgists. The lack of chaff, combined with a high occurrence of processed food, suggests that the miners at Prigglitz-Gasteil were supplied from outside with ready-to-cook and processed grain, either from adjacent communities or from a larger distance. This consumer character is in accordance with observation from previously analysed metallurgical sites. Interestingly, the components observed in charred cereal products (barley, Hordeum vulgare, and foxtail millet, Setaria italica) contrast with the dominant crop taxa (broomcorn millet, Panicum miliaceum, foxtail millet, and lentil, Lens culinaris). Foraging of fruits and nuts also significantly contributed to the daily diet.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture/history ; Archaeology ; Austria ; Crops, Agricultural ; Diet ; History, Ancient
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0248287
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: GC-MS based metabolites profiling of nutrients and anti-nutrients in 10 Lathyrus seed genotypes: A prospect for phyto-equivalency and chemotaxonomy

    Ibrahim, Nehal / Taleb, Mohamed / Heiss, Andreas G / Kropf, Matthias / Farag, Mohamed A

    Food bioscience. 2021 Aug., v. 42

    2021  

    Abstract: Despite their favourable nutritional, agricultural and ecological traits, Lathyrus species are among the under-recognized legume crops meriting further exploitation as nutrient-rich seeds. Holistic chemical characterization of nutrients/anti-nutrients in ...

    Abstract Despite their favourable nutritional, agricultural and ecological traits, Lathyrus species are among the under-recognized legume crops meriting further exploitation as nutrient-rich seeds. Holistic chemical characterization of nutrients/anti-nutrients in this genus is an important prerequisite to select high quality seeds for breeding programs. Herein, the chemical composition of 10 Lathyrus species was assessed via GC/MS-based metabolomics. Seventy-nine metabolites were identified comprising fatty acids, sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. Richest in amino-acids, L. annuus appeared the most suited for nutritional use. Furthermore, taxa enriched with fatty acids and sugars (L. pannonicus, L. annuus and L. odoratus) also show high potential as food or fodder. The richness of organic acids in L. sativus and L. tingitanus can override the anti-nutritive effect of phytic acid. Comparison to extant phylogenetic studies of the genus illustrates to what extent infrageneric classification is also reflected by the chemical variation observable via metabolomics, which has not been done before: Segregate sectional clustering among accessions was demonstrated along with several relationships at both infrasectional (e.g. L. sylvestris and L. latifolius) and interspecific level (e.g. L. venetus and L. niger) using multivariate data analysis.
    Keywords amino acids ; antinutritional factors ; biochemical polymorphism ; chemical composition ; chemotaxonomy ; forage ; legumes ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; multivariate analysis ; phylogeny ; phytic acid
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-08
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2212-4292
    DOI 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101183
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Classification of 12 Fennel (

    Afifi, Sherif M / El-Mahis, Amira / Heiss, Andreas G / Farag, Mohamed A

    ACS omega

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) 5775–5785

    Abstract: Fennel ( ...

    Abstract Fennel (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c06188
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: UPLC-MS Metabolome-Based Seed Classification of 16 Vicia Species: A Prospect for Phyto-Equivalency and Chemotaxonomy of Different Accessions.

    Fayek, Nesrin M / Mekky, Reham Hassan / Dias, Clarice Noleto / Kropf, Matthias / Heiss, Andreas G / Wessjohann, Ludger A / Farag, Mohamed A

    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 17, Page(s) 5252–5266

    Abstract: Seeds of domesticated Vicia (vetch) species (family Fabaceae-Faboideae) are produced and consumed worldwide for their nutritional value. Seed accessions belonging to 16 different species of Vicia-both domesticated and wild taxa-were subjected to a ... ...

    Abstract Seeds of domesticated Vicia (vetch) species (family Fabaceae-Faboideae) are produced and consumed worldwide for their nutritional value. Seed accessions belonging to 16 different species of Vicia-both domesticated and wild taxa-were subjected to a chemotaxonomic study using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analyzed by chemometrics. A total of 89 metabolites were observed in the examined Vicia accessions. Seventy-eight out of the 89 detected metabolites were annotated. Metabolites quantified belonged to several classes, viz., flavonoids, procyanidins, prodelphinidins, anthocyanins, stilbenes, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, jasmonates, fatty acids, terpenoids, and cyanogenics, with flavonoids and fatty acids amounting to the major classes. Flavonoids, fatty acids, and anthocyanins showed up as potential chemotaxonomic markers in Vicia species discrimination. Fatty acids were more enriched in
    MeSH term(s) Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Seeds/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Chemical Substances Flavonoids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241619-0
    ISSN 1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
    ISSN (online) 1520-5118
    ISSN 0021-8561
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06054
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Evolution of the distribution area of the Mediterranean Nigella damascena and a likely multiple molecular origin of its perianth dimorphism

    Jabbour, Florian / Pasquier, Pierre-Emmanuel Du / Chazalviel, Léa / Guilloux, Martine Le / Conde e Silva, Natalia / Deveaux, Yves / Manicacci, Domenica / Galipot, Pierre / Heiss, Andreas G / Damerval, Catherine

    Flora. 2021 Jan., v. 274

    2021  

    Abstract: Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) is a common Mediterranean species traditionally used as condiment and healing herb. Its perianth dimorphism has been known since 1591. In all modern accessions examined to date, a single allele of the NdAP3–3 gene ... ...

    Abstract Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) is a common Mediterranean species traditionally used as condiment and healing herb. Its perianth dimorphism has been known since 1591. In all modern accessions examined to date, a single allele of the NdAP3–3 gene characterized by a MITE insertion has been found to be responsible for the mutant morph, lacking a corolla. Based on herbarium collections, we aimed at (i) reconstructing the evolution of the worldwide distribution area of both morphs of N. damascena, and (ii) assessing the diversity in the molecular origin of the mutant allele.We compiled a database of more than 3000 collections of N. damascena across four centuries. When possible, specimens were georeferenced, and distribution maps were built for the wild-type and mutant morphs. Additionally, we genotyped the NdAP3–3 locus, based on DNA extracted from herbarium specimens collected from various localities and at different times.We observe a consistently larger and denser distribution area of wild-type plants in Europe and North Africa compared with the mutant morph. The relative proportions of mutant and wild-type morph plants collected in the last couple of centuries are roughly similar. Interestingly in herbarium specimens, NdAP3–3 alleles without a MITE insertion can be found in plants exhibiting the mutant morph.The diachronic study of the distribution area of N. damascena and a literature survey showed that populations exhibiting the mutant phenotype have been present since the end of the 16th century, though not frequently, in the broad Mediterranean Basin. Our genotyping results indicate that the origin of the mutant morph may be multiple and suggest that the NdAP3–3 allele with the MITE insertion typically found in all modern accessions to date, is only a sample of the variability susceptible to disrupt petal formation and development in Nigella damascena.
    Keywords DNA ; Nigella damascena ; alleles ; condiments ; corolla ; databases ; dimorphism ; evolution ; flora ; genotyping ; georeferencing ; herbaria ; loci ; mutants ; phenotype ; surveys ; Europe ; Mediterranean region ; Northern Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-01
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 5580-3
    ISSN 0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
    ISSN 0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
    DOI 10.1016/j.flora.2020.151735
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: UPLC-MS metabolome based classification of Lupinus and Lens seeds: A prospect for phyto-equivalency of its different accessions.

    Farag, Mohamed A / Khattab, Amira R / Maamoun, Amal A / Kropf, Matthias / Heiss, Andreas G

    Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

    2018  Volume 115, Page(s) 379–392

    Abstract: Fabaceae is well-known for its seed nutritious and bioactive composition as exemplified by Lupinus and Lens. Developing efficient analytical approaches for profiling their bioactive matrix is a prerequisite to provide proof for their health benefits or ... ...

    Abstract Fabaceae is well-known for its seed nutritious and bioactive composition as exemplified by Lupinus and Lens. Developing efficient analytical approaches for profiling their bioactive matrix is a prerequisite to provide proof for their health benefits or nutritive traits. Eight Lupinus and Lens seed accessions were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomic study, which identified 66 metabolites, viz. flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, fatty acids and sphingolipids. Chemometric tools were explored to assess heterogeneity across the two genera leading to elucidation of the species-most enriched and differential metabolites. The two dark-colored lentil cultivars are identified as the richest source of functional foods with presumed therapeutic benefits; however, Lupinus hispanicus was proved to be the most nutritive accession. To our knowledge, this study provides the first UPLC-MS-based comparative metabolite profiling of Lupinus and Lens seeds. This platform was also able to discern metabolites diversity at the intraspecific level among Lupinus species and Lens cultivars.
    MeSH term(s) Alkaloids/analysis ; Austria ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Functional Food/analysis ; Lens Plant/chemistry ; Lupinus/anatomy & histology ; Metabolome ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phenols/analysis ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Saponins/analysis ; Seeds/chemistry ; Sphingolipids/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
    Chemical Substances Alkaloids ; Fatty Acids ; Flavonoids ; Phenols ; Plant Extracts ; Saponins ; Sphingolipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-04
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1111695-x
    ISSN 1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
    ISSN (online) 1873-7145
    ISSN 0963-9969
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.003
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  8. Article ; Online: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling of Nutrients and Antinutrients in Eight Lens and Lupinus Seeds (Fabaceae).

    Farag, Mohamed A / Khattab, Amira R / Ehrlich, Anja / Kropf, Matthias / Heiss, Andreas G / Wessjohann, Ludger A

    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

    2018  Volume 66, Issue 16, Page(s) 4267–4280

    Abstract: Lens culinaris and several Lupinus species are two legumes regarded as potential protein resources aside from their richness in phytochemicals. Consequently, characterization of their metabolite composition seems warranted to be considered as a ... ...

    Abstract Lens culinaris and several Lupinus species are two legumes regarded as potential protein resources aside from their richness in phytochemicals. Consequently, characterization of their metabolite composition seems warranted to be considered as a sustainable commercial functional food. This study presents a discriminatory holistic approach for metabolite profiling in accessions of four lentil cultivars and four Lupinus species via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 107 metabolites were identified, encompassing organic and amino acids, sugars, and sterols, along with antinutrients, viz., alkaloids and sugar phosphates. Among the examined specimens, four nutritionally valuable accessions ought to be prioritized for future breeding to include Lupinus hispanicus, enriched in organic ( ca. 11.7%) and amino acids ( ca. 5%), and Lupinus angustifolius, rich in sucrose ( ca. 40%), along with two dark-colored lentil cultivars 'verte du Puy' and 'Black Beluga' enriched in peptides. Antinutrient chemicals were observed in Lupinus polyphyllus, owing to its high alkaloid content. Several species-specific markers were also revealed using multivariate data analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Alkaloids/chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Lens Plant/chemistry ; Lupinus/chemistry ; Lupinus/metabolism ; Nutritive Value ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Seeds/chemistry ; Seeds/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Alkaloids ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241619-0
    ISSN 1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
    ISSN (online) 1520-5118
    ISSN 0021-8561
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00369
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Metabolite profiling in Trigonella seeds via UPLC-MS and GC-MS analyzed using multivariate data analyses.

    Farag, Mohamed A / Rasheed, Dalia M / Kropf, Matthias / Heiss, Andreas G

    Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

    2016  Volume 408, Issue 28, Page(s) 8065–8078

    Abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum is a plant of considerable value for its nutritive composition as well as medicinal effects. This study aims to examine Trigonella seeds using a metabolome-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) ...

    Abstract Trigonella foenum-graecum is a plant of considerable value for its nutritive composition as well as medicinal effects. This study aims to examine Trigonella seeds using a metabolome-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) in parallel to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate data analyses. The metabolomic differences of seeds derived from three Trigonella species, i.e., T. caerulea, T. corniculata, and T. foenum-graecum, were assessed. Under specified conditions, we were able to identify 93 metabolites including 5 peptides, 2 phenolic acids, 22 C/O-flavonoid conjugates, 26 saponins, and 9 fatty acids using UPLC-MS. Several novel dipeptides, saponins, and flavonoids were found in Trigonella herein for the first time. Samples were classified via unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) followed by supervised orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A distinct separation among the investigated Trigonella species was revealed, with T. foenum-graecum samples found most enriched in apigenin-C-glycosides, viz. vicenins 1/3 and 2, compared to the other two species. In contrast to UPLC-MS, GC-MS was less efficient to classify specimens, with differences among specimens mostly attributed to fatty acyl esters. GC-MS analysis of Trigonella seed extracts led to the identification of 91 metabolites belonging mostly to fatty acyl esters, free fatty acids followed by organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. This study presents the first report on primary and secondary metabolite compositional differences among Trigonella seeds via a metabolomics approach and reveals that, among the species examined, the official T. foenum-graecum presents a better source of Trigonella secondary bioactive metabolites.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 201093-8
    ISSN 1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
    ISSN (online) 1618-2650
    ISSN 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
    DOI 10.1007/s00216-016-9910-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Seventy-five mosses and liverworts found frozen with the late Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman: Origins, taphonomy and the Iceman's last journey.

    Dickson, James H / Oeggl, Klaus D / Kofler, Werner / Hofbauer, Wolfgang K / Porley, Ronald / Rothero, Gordon P / Schmidl, Alexandra / Heiss, Andreas G

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) e0223752

    Abstract: The Iceman site is unique in the bryology of the Quaternary. Only 21 bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) grow now in the immediate vicinity of the 5,300 year old Iceman discovery site at 3,210m above sea level in the Ötztal Alps, Italy. By contrast 75 or ... ...

    Abstract The Iceman site is unique in the bryology of the Quaternary. Only 21 bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) grow now in the immediate vicinity of the 5,300 year old Iceman discovery site at 3,210m above sea level in the Ötztal Alps, Italy. By contrast 75 or more species including at least ten liverworts were recovered as subfossils frozen in, on and around the Iceman from before, at and after his time. About two thirds of the species grow in the nival zone (above 3,000m above sea level) now while about one third do not. A large part of this third can be explained by the Iceman having both deliberately and inadvertently carried bryophytes during his last, fatal journey. Multivariate analyses (PCA, RDA) provide a variety of explanations for the arrivals of the bryophytes in the rocky hollow where the mummy was discovered. This is well into the nival zone of perennial snow and ice with a very sparse, non-woody flora and very low vegetation cover. Apart from the crucial anthropochory (extra-local plants), both hydrochory (local species) and zoochory (by wild game such as ibex of both local and extra-local species) have been important. Anemochory of mainly local species was of lesser importance and of extra-local species probably of little or no importance. The mosses Neckera complanata and several other ecologically similar species as well as a species of Sphagnum (bogmoss) strongly support the claim that the Iceman, took northwards up Schnalstal, South Tyrol, as the route of the last journey. A different species of bogmoss, taken from his colon is another indication the Iceman's presence at low altitude south of Schnalstal during his last hours when he was first high up, low down and finally at over 3,000m.
    MeSH term(s) Archaeology ; Bryophyta ; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; Hepatophyta ; Humans ; Ice
    Chemical Substances Ice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223752
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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