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  1. Article ; Online: The next-generation coronavirus diagnostic techniques with particular emphasis on the SARS-CoV-2.

    Hemida, Maged G

    Journal of medical virology

    2021  Volume 93, Issue 7, Page(s) 4219–4241

    Abstract: The potential zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are of global health concerns. Early diagnosis is the milestone in their mitigation, control, and eradication. Many diagnostic techniques are showing great success and have many ... ...

    Abstract The potential zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are of global health concerns. Early diagnosis is the milestone in their mitigation, control, and eradication. Many diagnostic techniques are showing great success and have many advantages, such as the rapid turnover of the results, high accuracy, and high specificity and sensitivity. However, some of these techniques have several pitfalls if samples were not collected, processed, and transported in the standard ways and if these techniques were not practiced with extreme caution and precision. This may lead to false-negative/positive results. This may affect the downstream management of the affected cases. These techniques require regular fine-tuning, upgrading, and optimization. The continuous evolution of new strains and viruses belong to the coronaviruses is hampering the success of many classical techniques. There are urgent needs for next generations of coronaviruses diagnostic assays that overcome these pitfalls. This new generation of diagnostic tests should be able to do simultaneous, multiplex, and high-throughput detection of various coronavirus in one reaction. Furthermore, the development of novel assays and techniques that enable the in situ detection of the virus on the environmental samples, especially air, water, and surfaces, should be given considerable attention in the future. These approaches will have a substantial positive impact on the mitigation and eradication of coronaviruses, including the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Viral Plaque Assay/methods
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.26926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Molecular characterisation of an avian influenza (H5N8) outbreak in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2017-2018.

    Hemida, Maged G / Chu, Daniel / Abdelaziz, Adel / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen / Chan, Samuel Mo Sheung / Peiris, M

    Veterinary record open

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e000362

    Abstract: Background: Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small-scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are ... ...

    Abstract Background: Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small-scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are still playing important roles in the sustainability of most virulent influenza viruses, especially H5N8.
    Methods: The authors investigated an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia that occurred in 2017-2018.
    Results: A range of poultry including chickens, ostriches, ducks, pigeons and turkeys were clinically affected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this was a common source outbreak caused by a virus closely related to H5N8 viruses causing outbreaks elsewhere in Saudi Arabia in early 2018.
    Conclusions: Small backyard flocks are still contributing to the epidemiology and transmission of H5N8.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2782580-2
    ISSN 2052-6113
    ISSN 2052-6113
    DOI 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000362
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Molecular characterisation of an avian influenza (H5N8) outbreak in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2017–2018

    Hemida, Maged G / Chu, Daniel / Abdelaziz, Adel / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen / Chan, Samuel Mo Sheung / Peiris, M

    Veterinary record open. 2019 Jan., v. 6, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small‐scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are still ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small‐scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are still playing important roles in the sustainability of most virulent influenza viruses, especially H5N8. METHODS: The authors investigated an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia that occurred in 2017–2018. RESULTS: A range of poultry including chickens, ostriches, ducks, pigeons and turkeys were clinically affected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this was a common source outbreak caused by a virus closely related to H5N8 viruses causing outbreaks elsewhere in Saudi Arabia in early 2018. CONCLUSIONS: Small backyard flocks are still contributing to the epidemiology and transmission of H5N8.
    Keywords avian influenza ; human health ; phylogeny ; poultry ; poultry industry ; virulence ; viruses ; Saudi Arabia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-01
    Publishing place British Veterinary Association
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2399-2050
    DOI 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000362
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: West Nile virus infection in horses in Saudi Arabia (in 2013–2015)

    Hemida, Maged G / Abdelmohsen A. Alnaeem / Daniel K. W. Chu / Malik Peiris / Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera / Ronald L. W. Ko

    Zoonoses and public health. 2019 Mar., v. 66, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is an important emerging zoonotic arbovirus giving rise to clinical syndromes of varying severity in humans and horses. Culex mosquitoes are the main vector. Although WNV has been reported in many countries in the Middle East and ... ...

    Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is an important emerging zoonotic arbovirus giving rise to clinical syndromes of varying severity in humans and horses. Culex mosquitoes are the main vector. Although WNV has been reported in many countries in the Middle East and Asia, little is known about its prevalence in equine populations in the Arabian Peninsula. We have carried out a serological study on 200 horses to assess WNV infection in the Eastern and Central regions of Saudi Arabia in 2013–2015. Sera were tested for the presence of WNV antibodies in parallel using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and microneutralization (MN) tests. In comparison with the MN assay used as “gold standard,” we find the ELISA had a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 80.1%. The prevalence of WNV neutralizing antibody ranged from 5 (17.3%) of 29 sera collected in Riyadh up to 15 (55.6%) of 27 sera collected from Al‐Qateef. These findings highlight the need to be aware of the possibility of WNV disease in humans and horses presenting with central nervous system disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    Keywords arboviruses ; Culex ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; horse diseases ; horses ; humans ; neutralization ; neutralizing antibodies ; serological surveys ; West Nile virus ; Middle East ; Saudi Arabia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-03
    Size p. 248-253.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2271118-1
    ISSN 1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
    ISSN (online) 1863-2378
    ISSN 1863-1959
    DOI 10.1111/zph.12532
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: West Nile virus infection in horses in Saudi Arabia (in 2013-2015).

    Hemida, Maged G / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Chu, Daniel K W / Ko, Ronald L W / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen A / Peiris, Malik

    Zoonoses and public health

    2018  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 248–253

    Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is an important emerging zoonotic arbovirus giving rise to clinical syndromes of varying severity in humans and horses. Culex mosquitoes are the main vector. Although WNV has been reported in many countries in the Middle East and ... ...

    Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is an important emerging zoonotic arbovirus giving rise to clinical syndromes of varying severity in humans and horses. Culex mosquitoes are the main vector. Although WNV has been reported in many countries in the Middle East and Asia, little is known about its prevalence in equine populations in the Arabian Peninsula. We have carried out a serological study on 200 horses to assess WNV infection in the Eastern and Central regions of Saudi Arabia in 2013-2015. Sera were tested for the presence of WNV antibodies in parallel using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and microneutralization (MN) tests. In comparison with the MN assay used as "gold standard," we find the ELISA had a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 80.1%. The prevalence of WNV neutralizing antibody ranged from 5 (17.3%) of 29 sera collected in Riyadh up to 15 (55.6%) of 27 sera collected from Al-Qateef. These findings highlight the need to be aware of the possibility of WNV disease in humans and horses presenting with central nervous system disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Culex/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology ; Horse Diseases/immunology ; Horse Diseases/virology ; Horses/virology ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Neutralization Tests ; Prevalence ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/immunology ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; West Nile virus ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/virology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2271118-1
    ISSN 1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
    ISSN (online) 1863-2378
    ISSN 1863-1959
    DOI 10.1111/zph.12532
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Extrapolation for COVID Diagnosis and Vaccine Development.

    Malik, Yashpal S / Kumar, Prashant / Ansari, Mohd Ikram / Hemida, Maged G / El Zowalaty, Mohamed E / Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S / Ganesh, Balasubramanian / Salajegheh, Sina / Natesan, Senthilkumar / Sircar, Shubhankar / Safdar, Muhammad / Vinodhkumar, O R / Duarte, Phelipe M / Patel, Shailesh K / Klein, Jörn / Rahimi, Parastoo / Dhama, Kuldeep

    Frontiers in molecular biosciences

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 607886

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting nearly 71.2 million humans in more than 191 countries, with more than 1.6 million mortalities as of 12 December, 2020. The spike ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting nearly 71.2 million humans in more than 191 countries, with more than 1.6 million mortalities as of 12 December, 2020. The spike glycoprotein (S-protein), anchored onto the virus envelope, is the trimer of S-protein comprised of S1 and S2 domains which interacts with host cell receptors and facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. The S1 domain comprises of a receptor binding domain (RBD) possessing an N-terminal domain and two subdomains (SD1 and SD2). Certain regions of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 such as S2 domain and fragment of the RBD remain conserved despite the high selection pressure. These conserved regions of the S-protein are extrapolated as the potential target for developing molecular diagnostic techniques. Further, the S-protein acts as an antigenic target for different serological assay platforms for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies can be used to detect viral proteins in ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays. The S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 has very high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-1 cross-react with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its activity. Furthermore,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2814330-9
    ISSN 2296-889X
    ISSN 2296-889X
    DOI 10.3389/fmolb.2021.607886
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: P58(IPK) inhibits coxsackievirus-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway requiring activation of ATF6a and subsequent upregulation of mitofusin 2.

    Zhang, Huifang M / Qiu, Ye / Ye, Xin / Hemida, Maged G / Hanson, Paul / Yang, Decheng

    Cellular microbiology

    2014  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 411–424

    Abstract: Previously we found that prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection led to p58(IPK) downregulation and subsequent cell apoptosis. This finding implies that p58(IPK) expression benefits cell survival and ... ...

    Abstract Previously we found that prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection led to p58(IPK) downregulation and subsequent cell apoptosis. This finding implies that p58(IPK) expression benefits cell survival and counteracts CVB3-induced apoptosis. In testing this hypothesis, we first found that PI3K/Akt survival pathway is more sensitive than ERK1/2 in response to p58(IPK) expression. This finding was further verified by silencing p58(IPK) with specific siRNAs, which led to the significant suppression of phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) but not ERK1/2. Further, using CVB3-infected cell line expressing dominant negative ATF6a (DN-ATF6a), we found that expression of p58(IPK) and p-Akt was significantly reduced, which led to the decreased cell viability. However, when the DN-ATF6a cells were transiently transfected with p58(IPK) , an opposite result was obtained. Finally, by CVB3 infection of cells stably expressing p58(IPK) , we found that CVB3-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis was suppressed, which was evidenced by the reduced cytochrome c release and upregulation of the mitochondrial membrane protein mitofusin 2. However, silencing p58(IPK) with either specific siRNAs or DN-ATF6a sensitized cells to CVB3-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that p58(IPK) suppresses CVB3-induced apoptosis through selective activation of PI3K/Akt pathway that requires activation of ATF6a and subsequently upregulates mitofusin 2.
    MeSH term(s) Activating Transcription Factor 6/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Butadienes/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/genetics ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; Cytochromes c/secretion ; Down-Regulation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/pathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics ; Enterovirus/pathogenicity ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Nitriles/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Phosphorylation/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances ATF6 protein, human ; Activating Transcription Factor 6 ; Butadienes ; Chromones ; DNAJC3 protein, human ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Morpholines ; Nitriles ; RNA, Small Interfering ; U 0126 ; 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (31M2U1DVID) ; Cytochromes c (9007-43-6) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; GTP Phosphohydrolases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; MFN2 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1468320-9
    ISSN 1462-5822 ; 1462-5814
    ISSN (online) 1462-5822
    ISSN 1462-5814
    DOI 10.1111/cmi.12229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse MERS-CoV strains from 2012 - 2018.

    van Doremalen, Neeltje / Letko, Michael / Fischer, Robert J / Bushmaker, Trenton / Yinda, Claude Kwe / Schulz, Jonathan / Seifert, Stephanie N / Kim, Nam Joong / Hemida, Maged G / Kayali, Ghazi / Park, Wan Beom / Perera, Ranawaka Apm / Tamin, Azaibi / Thornburg, Natalie J / Tong, Suxiang / Queen, Krista / van Kerkhove, Maria D / Choi, Young Ki / Oh, Myoung-Don /
    Assiri, Abdullah M / Peiris, Malik / Gerber, Susan I / Munster, Vincent J

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2021  

    Abstract: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a coronavirus that infects both humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. While some mutations found in ... ...

    Abstract Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a coronavirus that infects both humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. While some mutations found in camel-derived MERS-CoV strains have been characterized, the majority of natural variation found across MERS-CoV isolates remains unstudied. Here we report on the environmental stability, replication kinetics and pathogenicity of several diverse isolates of MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 to serve as a basis of comparison with other stability studies. While most of the MERS-CoV isolates exhibited similar stability and pathogenicity in our experiments, the camel derived isolate, C/KSA/13, exhibited reduced surface stability while another camel isolate, C/BF/15, had reduced pathogenicity in a small animal model. These results suggest that while betacoronaviruses may have similar environmental stability profiles, individual variation can influence this phenotype, underscoring the importance of continual, global viral surveillance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.02.11.429193
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Surface‒Aerosol Stability and Pathogenicity of Diverse Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Strains, 2012‒2018.

    van Doremalen, Neeltje / Letko, Michael / Fischer, Robert J / Bushmaker, Trenton / Schulz, Jonathan / Yinda, Claude K / Seifert, Stephanie N / Kim, Nam Joong / Hemida, Maged G / Kayali, Ghazi / Park, Wan Beom / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Tamin, Azaibi / Thornburg, Natalie J / Tong, Suxiang / Queen, Krista / van Kerkhove, Maria D / Choi, Young Ki / Oh, Myoung-Don /
    Assiri, Abdullah M / Peiris, Malik / Gerber, Susan I / Munster, Vincent J

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 12, Page(s) 3052–3062

    Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. Although some mutations found in camel-derived MERS-CoV ... ...

    Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. Although some mutations found in camel-derived MERS-CoV strains have been characterized, most natural variation found across MERS-CoV isolates remains unstudied. We report on the environmental stability, replication kinetics, and pathogenicity of several diverse isolates of MERS-CoV, as well as isolates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to serve as a basis of comparison with other stability studies. Although most MERS-CoV isolates had similar stability and pathogenicity in our experiments, the camel-derived isolate C/KSA/13 had reduced surface stability, and another camel isolate, C/BF/15, had reduced pathogenicity in a small animal model. These results suggest that although betacoronaviruses might have similar environmental stability profiles, individual variation can influence this phenotype, underscoring the need for continual global viral surveillance.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Camelus ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virulence ; Zoonoses
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2712.210344
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Lack of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from infected camels.

    Hemida, Maged G / Al-Naeem, Abdulmohsen / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Chin, Alex W H / Poon, Leo L M / Peiris, Malik

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2015  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 699–701

    Abstract: To determine risk for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from camels to humans, we tested serum from 191 persons with various levels of exposure to an infected dromedary herd. We found no serologic evidence of human infection, ... ...

    Abstract To determine risk for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from camels to humans, we tested serum from 191 persons with various levels of exposure to an infected dromedary herd. We found no serologic evidence of human infection, suggesting that zoonotic transmission of this virus from dromedaries is rare.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Camelus ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Population Surveillance ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2104.141949
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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