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  1. Article ; Online: Cyber sexual harassment against women and impact on health. A cross-sectional study in a representative population sample.

    Benítez-Hidalgo, Vivian / Henares-Montiel, Jesús / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe

    Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–11

    Abstract: Background: This study focuses on the frequency of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) and examines its link with five health impact indicators (self-perceived health, medication, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and use of health services).: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: This study focuses on the frequency of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) and examines its link with five health impact indicators (self-perceived health, medication, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and use of health services).
    Methods: Analyzing the data provided by the 2019 Macro-survey on violence against women in Spain, two items of which refer to CSH. It was conducted in Spain on a representative sample of 9568 women aged over 16 years old.
    Results: A total of 9.15% of the women surveyed had experienced CSH at some point in their lives. Being under 25 years old, having higher education, not being in a relationship, having no religious beliefs and having a certified disability are sociodemographic characteristics associated with a higher risk of CSH. Women who have experienced other forms of gender-based violence also show an increased risk. Female victims of CSH reported higher rates of suicidal ideation (20% versus 9.79% in non-victims of CSH) and suicidal attempts (7.20% versus 1.74% in non-victims of CSH).
    Conclusions: These findings have significant implications for the design of preventive health polices, which should incorporate strategies to address CSH as part of the continuum of multiple interrelated forms of gender violence that affect women and girls throughout their lives.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Sexual Harassment ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Suicide, Attempted ; Suicidal Ideation ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2142082-8
    ISSN 1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
    ISSN (online) 1741-3850
    ISSN 1741-3842
    DOI 10.1093/pubmed/fdad182
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  2. Article ; Online: Relationship between Sexual Violence and the Health of Spanish Women-A National Population-Based Study.

    García-Pérez, Selene / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Henares-Montiel, Jesús

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: Health consequences are likely to be different when sexual violence is analysed independently from other types of violence. It is also likely that different health consequences will result in the cases of partner or ex-partner sexual ... ...

    Abstract Background: Health consequences are likely to be different when sexual violence is analysed independently from other types of violence. It is also likely that different health consequences will result in the cases of partner or ex-partner sexual violence, non-partner sexual violence and sexual harassment.
    Methods: This study is based on the 2019 Macro-survey of Violence against Women conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Equality on a sample of 9568 women aged 16 years or older. Odds ratios were calculated, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed.
    Results: The present study estimates that 4 out of 10 surveyed women had experienced some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. Sexual harassment is the most frequently reported form of this violence, while intimate partner sexual violence is the form with the most unfavourable sociodemographic characteristics and the worst health impact indicators, such as a greater likelihood of suicidal behaviour.
    Conclusions: Sexual violence is a widespread, under-studied problem with negative health impacts. Women exposed to intimate partner violence are the most vulnerable and at risk. It is advised that responses and comprehensive care plans be developed that place special emphasis on the protection of victims' mental health.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Sex Offenses ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Sexual Harassment ; Violence ; Sexual Partners/psychology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20043365
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  3. Article: Impact of socioeconomic and health-related factors on consumption of homeopathic and natural remedies in Spain in 2006, 2011 and 2017.

    Castilla-Jimena, Jose Antonio / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Henares-Montiel, Jesús

    Journal of integrative medicine

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 52–56

    Abstract: Objective: Complementary and alternative medicine use and type of use may be influenced by sociodemographic and economic determinants through which we could identify characteristics of patients with greater trend to use it. This paper aims to describe ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Complementary and alternative medicine use and type of use may be influenced by sociodemographic and economic determinants through which we could identify characteristics of patients with greater trend to use it. This paper aims to describe the changes in the consumption of homeopathic and natural remedies in Spain for three time points in order to discern changes in rate of consumption, associated factors and whether their use has been affected by a period of economic recession.
    Methods: This study utilized 2006, 2011 and 2017 cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of the population aged more than 15 years old and resident in Spain. Independent bivariate and multivariate descriptive analyses for each of the 3 years studied were performed.
    Results: The rate of consumption of both homeopathic and natural remedies has decreased over the periods studied. In spite of this decrease, the consumer profile appears to remain stable over the three periods. The sociodemographic factors associated with their consumption were being female, being 30-64 years old, being separated/divorced, having higher education qualifications, being employed and belonging to a higher social class. Psychiatric morbidity, chronic health problems such as pain, mental health problems or malignant tumors, and absence of major cardiovascular events were the clinical factors associated.
    Conclusion: It can be concluded that beyond the economic situation, the use of homeopathic and natural remedies obeys to the needs of the patients related to their state of health and the response they receive from the health system. It may be that women have different needs and expectations of the healthcare system and, given this breach of expectations, seek remedy to alleviate their needs outside the system and conventional medicine.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Homeopathy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sociodemographic Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2705612-0
    ISSN 2095-4964
    ISSN 2095-4964
    DOI 10.1016/j.joim.2021.10.003
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  4. Article ; Online: The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women with disabilities: a systematic review of the literature.

    García-Cuéllar, Mónica Miriam / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Henares-Montiel, Jesús

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Purpose: Although systematic reviews have already been conducted on violence and disability, the evidence is not conclusive in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study examined the prevalence of IPV in women with disabilities, taking account of the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Although systematic reviews have already been conducted on violence and disability, the evidence is not conclusive in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study examined the prevalence of IPV in women with disabilities, taking account of the different types of violence and disability.
    Methods: We performed a search in five databases. We included observational studies that analysed the frequency of IPV in women with disabilities compared to women without. Two independent reviewers selected and assessed studies. We made a qualitative synthesis according to the type of IPV analysed in relation to disability.
    Results: We identified 26 articles. The frequency and risk of IPV were greater in women with disabilities than in those without. All of the articles that studied financial violence, 81.3% of those that studied physical violence, 78.5% of those that studied psychological violence, 75% of those that studied physical/sexual violence, 73.3% of those that studied sexual violence and 50% of those that studied any type of violence found a significant association whit disability.
    Conclusions: Women with disabilities are at higher risk of IPV. Rehabilitation centers and its professionals must have a leading role in the identification of these situations and this should be considered in IPV prevention plans.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with disabilities are at higher risk of multiple types of violence.Violence against women with disabilities therefore involves two public health issues interacting simultaneously.Rehabilitation centers and its professionals should have a leading role in the identification of IPV in women with disabilities.IPV prevention plans should consider rehabilitation centers and its professionals as a main component of interventions in women with disabilities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Prevalence ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Violence ; Disabled Persons ; Physical Examination ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2022.2025927
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  5. Article ; Online: Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain.

    Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Sordo, Luis / Henares-Montiel, Jesús

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 13

    Abstract: Background: This study analyzes the frequency and sociodemographic characteristics associated with sexual violence by a partner/ex-partner (PSV), someone other than a partner or ex-partner (NPSV), or sexual harassment (SH).: Methods: The study is ... ...

    Abstract Background: This study analyzes the frequency and sociodemographic characteristics associated with sexual violence by a partner/ex-partner (PSV), someone other than a partner or ex-partner (NPSV), or sexual harassment (SH).
    Methods: The study is based on the 2019 Macro-survey of Violence against Women conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Equality among a sample of 9568 women age 16 or more years. Odds Ratios were calculated and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed.
    Results: Forty-four women had suffered some kind of sexual violence over their lifetime, 9.2% had experienced PSV, 6.5% NPSV and 40.4% SH. More than 7% of women had been raped by a partner and 2.2% by another man. In the three groups, violence was associated with lower age and having a certified disability. NPSV and SH were significantly associated with a higher education and internet use. In NPSV, 9.2% of cases were reported to the police and 3.9% were reported to the courts. In SH, 91.7% of women told a family member or a close friend and 4.2% reported it to the police or the courts.
    Conclusions: A greater emphasis needs to be placed on reporting sexual violence in its various forms. Rape within intimate partnerships ought to be investigated and studied in greater depth.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rape ; Risk Factors ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Harassment ; Sexual Partners ; Spain/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19138108
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  6. Article ; Online: Characterization of Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.

    Morales-Arjona, Irene / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Sordo, Luis / Henares-Montiel, Jesús

    Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 11, Page(s) 733–743

    Abstract: Cyberbullying is an extremely damaging form of interpersonal violence. Little is yet known about cyberbullying behaviors in the child and youth population during the COVID-19 pandemic and what effect this reduction in face-to-face social interactions has ...

    Abstract Cyberbullying is an extremely damaging form of interpersonal violence. Little is yet known about cyberbullying behaviors in the child and youth population during the COVID-19 pandemic and what effect this reduction in face-to-face social interactions has had on an increase in socialization via the Internet and cyberbullying. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in young people between the ages of 12 and 27 years attending two secondary schools in southern Spain (
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Cyberbullying/psychology ; Spain/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Bullying ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Internet
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2545735-4
    ISSN 2152-2723 ; 2152-2715
    ISSN (online) 2152-2723
    ISSN 2152-2715
    DOI 10.1089/cyber.2022.0041
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  7. Article ; Online: Correlation Between Opioid Drug Prescription and Opioid-Related Mortality in Spain as a Surveillance Tool: Ecological Study.

    Salazar, Alejandro / Moreno-Pulido, Soledad / Prego-Meleiro, Pablo / Henares-Montiel, Jesús / Pulido, José / Donat, Marta / Sotres-Fernandez, Gabriel / Sordo, Luis

    JMIR public health and surveillance

    2023  Volume 9, Page(s) e43776

    Abstract: Background: Opioid drug prescription (ODP) and opioid-related mortality (ORM) have increased in Spain. However, their relationship is complex, as ORM is registered without considering the type of opioid (legal or illegal).: Objective: This ecological ...

    Abstract Background: Opioid drug prescription (ODP) and opioid-related mortality (ORM) have increased in Spain. However, their relationship is complex, as ORM is registered without considering the type of opioid (legal or illegal).
    Objective: This ecological study aimed to examine the correlation between ODP and ORM in Spain and discuss their usefulness as a surveillance tool.
    Methods: This was an ecological descriptive study using retrospective annual data (2000-2019) from the Spanish general population. Data were collected from people of all ages. Information on ODP was obtained from the Spanish Medicines Agency in daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD) for total ODP, total ODP excluding those with better safety protocols (codeine and tramadol), and each opioid drug separately. Rates of ORM (per 1,000,000 inhabitants) were calculated based on deaths registered (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes) as opioid poisoning by the National Statistics Institute, derived from the drug data recorded by medical examiners in death certificates. Opioid-related deaths were considered to be those that indicated opioid consumption (accidental, infringed, or self-inflicted) as the main cause of death: death due to accidental poisoning (X40-X44), intentional self-inflicted poisoning (X60-X64), drug-induced aggression (X85), and poisoning of undetermined intention (Y10-Y14). A descriptive analysis was carried out, and correlations between the annual rates of ORM and DHD of the prescribed opioid drugs globally, excluding medications of the least potential risk of overdose and lowest treatment tier, were analyzed using Pearson linear correlation coefficient. Their temporal evolution was analyzed using cross-correlations with 24 lags and the cross-correlation function. The analyses were carried out using Stata and StatGraphics Centurion 19.
    Results: The rate of ORM (2000-2019) ranged between 14 and 23 deaths per 1,000,000 inhabitants, with a minimum in 2006 and an increasing trend starting in 2010. The ODP ranged between 1.51 to 19.94 DHD. The rates of ORM were directly correlated with the DHD of total ODP (r=0.597; P=.006), total ODP without codeine and tramadol (r=0.934; P<.001), and every prescribed opioid except buprenorphine (P=.47). In the time analysis, correlations between DHD and ORM were observed in the same year, although not statistically significant (all P≥.05).
    Conclusions: There is a correlation between greater availability of prescribed opioid drugs and an increase in opioid-related deaths. The correlation between ODP and ORM may be a useful tool in monitoring legal opiates and possible disturbances in the illegal market. The role of tramadol (an easily prescribed opioid) is important in this correlation, as is that of fentanyl (the strongest opioid). Measures stronger than recommendations need to be taken to reduce off-label prescribing. This study shows that not only is opioid use directly related to the prescribing of opioid drugs above what is desirable but also an increase in deaths.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Opioid-Related Disorders/mortality ; Tramadol/adverse effects ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Opiate Overdose/mortality ; Drug Prescriptions ; Fentanyl/adverse effects ; Spain
    Chemical Substances Tramadol (39J1LGJ30J) ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Fentanyl (UF599785JZ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2369-2960
    ISSN (online) 2369-2960
    DOI 10.2196/43776
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  8. Article ; Online: Characteristics and effectiveness of interventions to reduce cyberbullying: a systematic review.

    Henares-Montiel, Jesús / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Ramírez-Saiz, Alberto / Rodríguez-Gómez, Marina / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1219727

    Abstract: Background: This paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main characteristics; and an analysis of the level of completeness to which the ... ...

    Abstract Background: This paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main characteristics; and an analysis of the level of completeness to which the characteristics of these interventions are described.
    Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and Psycinfo databases on February 14, 2022. In addition, relevant publications were hand searched for relevant studies. We considered interventions that provided data on CB prevalence changes in populations between primary school and college age.
    Results: In total, 111 studies were retained for further screening from 3,477 results. Following rigorous screening, 43 reports including 46 studies and information from 36 different interventions were included in our systematic review. Results shows that most of the interventions measuring reductions in global CB, cyberperpetration/victimization, cybervictimization and cyberperpetration were effective or partially effective. While the interventions measuring reductions in cyber-bystanding were not effective. Multicomponent interventions showed higher effectiveness than single-component interventions. After completion of the TIDieR check-list, included interventions were considered to offer an insufficient level of detail for a number of the analyzed items in relation to "how well planned," "intervention modifications" and "tailoring."
    Conclusion: Given the aforementioned, it is critical to increase the number of studies and the quality of interventions targeting CB and the level of detail of its description in order to obtain more robust outcomes about how to reduce its prevalence and facilitate the replication of the effective interventions.
    Systematic review registration: https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-wn5u4-v1, Identifer DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WN5U4.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cyberbullying ; Checklist ; Databases, Factual ; Universities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1219727
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  9. Article ; Online: Salud mental en España y diferencias por sexo y por comunidades autónomas.

    Henares Montiel, Jesús / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Sordo, Luis

    Gaceta sanitaria

    2019  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 114–119

    Abstract: Objective: To describe the evolution of psychological distress in the adult Spanish population in 2006, 2011 and 2017. To study the mental health status of the population in 2017 analyzing the prevalence of psychological distress, prescription of ... ...

    Title translation Mental health in Spain and differences by sex, and by autonomous communities.
    Abstract Objective: To describe the evolution of psychological distress in the adult Spanish population in 2006, 2011 and 2017. To study the mental health status of the population in 2017 analyzing the prevalence of psychological distress, prescription of psychiatric drugs, diagnosis and self-perceived health, in Spain and in the autonomous regions, and differentiating between men and women.
    Method: Cross-sectional study, using data from the 2006, 2011 and 2017 National Health Surveys in Spain.
    Variables: psychological distress (GHQ-12), self-perceived health, mental disorder diagnosis, prescription of psychiatric drugs, sex and autonomous community. The frequencies, percentages and confidence intervals at 95% were calculated. The statistical significance level for the chi-square test was p <0.05.
    Results: The prevalence of psychological distress in Spain was 22.2% in 2006, 22.1% in 2011 and 19.1% in 2017. With the exception of Cantabria in 2011, in all cases the prevalence of psychological distress was higher in women than men. In 2017, most of the autonomous communities showed prevalence of diagnosis and poor self-perceived health near the Spanish average (15.4% and 33.6%, respectively). The Spanish average of tranquilizer prescription was 9.2%. The highest prevalence was found in Galicia while the lowest was found in Cantabria (overall population and men) and Ceuta and Melilla (women). The Spanish average of antidepressant prescription was 3.6%. The highest prevalence was found in Asturias (overall population and women) and in Galicia (men), while the lowest was found in Ceuta and Melilla.
    Conclusions: Psychological distress is a prevalent phenomenon although its prevalence in Spain has decreased slightly. There are big differences in the prescription of psychiatric drugs between each autonomous community. Women showed poorer outcomes on each mental health indicator analyzed.
    MeSH term(s) Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Confidence Intervals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Spain/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Tranquilizing Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Tranquilizing Agents
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2019-05-01
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038713-4
    ISSN 1578-1283 ; 0213-9111
    ISSN (online) 1578-1283
    ISSN 0213-9111
    DOI 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.03.002
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  10. Article ; Online: Cyberbullying and Associated Factors in Member Countries of the European Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies with Representative Population Samples.

    Henares-Montiel, Jesús / Benítez-Hidalgo, Vivian / Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel / Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe / Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 12

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the current state of empirical research and establish an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of cyberbullying through the gathering of self-reported experiences from ...

    Abstract The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the current state of empirical research and establish an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of cyberbullying through the gathering of self-reported experiences from representative population samples from EU countries. Bibliographic searches were conducted on main electronic databases for studies until November 2021. We considered observational studies that provided data on cyberbullying prevalence and/or associated factors. Seven studies with data from 25 countries were included. Rates ranged between 2.8-31.5% for cybervictimization, between 3.0-30.6% for cyberperpetration, and between 13.0-53.1% for cyberbystanding. The rate of cybervictimization perpetration was 4%. Meta-analysis-pooled prevalence showed rates of 9.62% and 11.91% for cybervictimization and cyberperpetration, respectively. Given the large variation in the rates seen between the different examined studies, in addition to the increase over recent years in the prevalence rates of the different examined dimensions of cyberbullying, it would be useful to deepen research into the causes of these differences and the factors associated with each of the dimensions. This should be performed through populational surveys which enable the collection of a greater quantity of more consistent information with a view to designing prevention and intervention CB programs that are targeted and adapted towards the characteristics of the target population.
    MeSH term(s) Bullying ; Crime Victims ; Cyberbullying ; European Union ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Self Report
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19127364
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