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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Wildfire Smoke: Potentially Concomitant Disasters.

Henderson, Sarah B

2020 Volume 110, Issue 8, Page(s) 1140–1142

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/etiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Wildfires
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Smoke
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2020.305744
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Article: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Wildfire Smoke: Potentially Concomitant Disasters

Henderson, Sarah B

Am J Public Health

Abstract: As we enter the wildfire season in the northern hemisphere, the potential for a dangerous interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and smoke pollution should be recognized and acknowledged. This is challenging because the public health threat of COVID-19 is ... ...

Abstract	As we enter the wildfire season in the northern hemisphere, the potential for a dangerous interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and smoke pollution should be recognized and acknowledged. This is challenging because the public health threat of COVID-19 is immediate and clear, whereas the public health threat of wildfire smoke seems distant and uncertain in comparison. However, we must start preparing now to effectively manage the combination of public health threats that we may face in the months ahead. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 18, 2020: e1-e3. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305744).
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32552018
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Climate Change, Landscape Fires, and Human Health: A Global Perspective.

Johnston, Fay H / Williamson, Grant / Borchers-Arriagada, Nicolas / Henderson, Sarah B / Bowman, David M J S

Annual review of public health

2024

Abstract: Landscape fires are an integral component of the Earth system and a feature of prehistoric, subsistence, and industrial economies. Specific spatiotemporal patterns of landscape fire occur in different locations around the world, shaped by the ... ...

Abstract	Landscape fires are an integral component of the Earth system and a feature of prehistoric, subsistence, and industrial economies. Specific spatiotemporal patterns of landscape fire occur in different locations around the world, shaped by the interactions between environmental and human drivers of fire activity. Seven distinct types of landscape fire emerge from these interactions: remote area fires, wildfire disasters, savanna fires, Indigenous burning, prescribed burning, agricultural burning, and deforestation fires. All can have substantial impacts on human health and well-being directly and indirectly through (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	760917-6
ISSN	1545-2093 ; 0163-7525
ISSN (online)	1545-2093
ISSN	0163-7525
DOI	10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-034131
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Article: The health risks of marine biotoxins associated with high seafood consumption: Looking beyond the single dose, single outcome paradigm with a view towards addressing the needs of coastal Indigenous populations in British Columbia.

Lee, Michael Joseph / Henderson, Sarah B / Clermont, Holly / Turna, Nikita Saha / McIntyre, Lorraine

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) e27146

Abstract: People who consume high quantities of seafood are at a heightened risk for marine biotoxin exposure. Coastal Indigenous peoples may experience higher levels of risk than the general population due to their reliance on traditional marine foods. Most ... ...

Abstract	People who consume high quantities of seafood are at a heightened risk for marine biotoxin exposure. Coastal Indigenous peoples may experience higher levels of risk than the general population due to their reliance on traditional marine foods. Most evidence on the health risks associated with biotoxins focus on a single exposure at one point in time. There is limited research on other types of exposures that may occur among those who regularly consume large quantities of seafood. The objective of this review is to assess what is known about the unique biotoxin exposure risks associated with the consumption patterns of many coastal Indigenous populations. These risks include [1]: repeated exposure to low doses of a single or multiple biotoxins [2]; repeated exposures to high doses of a single or multiple biotoxins; and [3] exposure to multiple biotoxins at a single point in time. We performed a literature search and collected 23 recent review articles on the human health effects of different biotoxins. Using a narrative framework synthesis approach, we collated what is known about the health effects of the exposure risks associated with the putative consumption patterns of coastal Indigenous populations. We found that the health effects of repeated low- or high-dose exposures and the chronic health effects of marine biotoxins are rarely studied or documented. There are gaps in our understanding of how risks differ by seafood species and preparation, cooking, and consumption practices. Together, these gaps contribute to a relatively poor understanding of how biotoxins impact the health of those who regularly consume large quantities of seafood. In the context of this uncertainty, we explore how known and potential risks associated with biotoxins can be mitigated, with special attention to coastal Indigenous populations routinely consuming seafood. Overall, we conclude that there is a need to move beyond the single-dose single-outcome model of exposure to better serve Indigenous communities and others who consume high quantities of seafood.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27146
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Article ; Online: Protecting Cardiovascular Health From Wildfire Smoke.

Hadley, Michael B / Henderson, Sarah B / Brauer, Michael / Vedanthan, Rajesh

Circulation

2022 Volume 146, Issue 10, Page(s) 788–801

Abstract: Wildfire smoke is a rapidly growing threat to global cardiovascular health. We review the literature linking wildfire smoke exposures to cardiovascular effects. We find substantial evidence that short-term exposures are associated with key cardiovascular ...

Abstract	Wildfire smoke is a rapidly growing threat to global cardiovascular health. We review the literature linking wildfire smoke exposures to cardiovascular effects. We find substantial evidence that short-term exposures are associated with key cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization, and acute coronary syndrome. Wildfire smoke exposures will continue to increase over the majority of Earth's surface. For example, the United States alone has experienced a 5-fold increase in annual area burned since 1972, with 82 million individuals estimated to be exposed to wildfire smoke by midcentury. The associated rise in excess morbidity and mortality constitutes a growing global public health crisis. Fortunately, the effect of wildfire smoke on cardiovascular health is modifiable at the individual and population levels through specific interventions. Health systems therefore have an opportunity to help safeguard patients from smoke exposures. We provide a roadmap of evidence-based interventions to reduce risk and protect cardiovascular health. Key interventions include preparing health systems for smoke events; identifying and educating vulnerable patients; reducing outdoor activities; creating cleaner air environments; using air filtration devices and personal respirators; and aggressive management of chronic diseases and traditional risk factors. Further research is needed to test the efficacy of interventions on reducing cardiovascular outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/prevention & control ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; Public Health ; Smoke/adverse effects ; United States ; Wildfires
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Smoke
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058058
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Article ; Online: Development of methods for citizen scientist mapping of residential woodsmoke in small communities.

Wagstaff, Matthew / Henderson, Sarah B / McLean, Kathleen E / Brauer, Michael

Journal of environmental management

2022 Volume 311, Page(s) 114788

Abstract: Background: Residential wood burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM: Methods: Mobile monitoring was conducted with a nephelometer and multi-wavelength aethalometer, capable of identifying woodsmoke PM: Results: Fixed site ... ...

Abstract	Background: Residential wood burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM Methods: Mobile monitoring was conducted with a nephelometer and multi-wavelength aethalometer, capable of identifying woodsmoke PM Results: Fixed site measurements of B Conclusion: Following the successful implementation of the mobile CANAW method, training materials were created and tested with lay volunteers along with an online mapping application. Volunteers were able to effectively operate the equipment, collect valuable data on woodsmoke concentrations, and map spatial patterns across their communities using the application. The CANAW method is a valuable option for advancing cost-effective data collection for residential woodsmoke in otherwise unmonitored communities, and to add spatial context to existing monitoring networks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114788
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Article ; Online: Climate change and health: rethinking public health messaging for wildfire smoke and extreme heat co-exposures.

Coker, Eric S / Stone, Susan Lyon / McTigue, Erin / Yao, Jiayun Angela / Brigham, Emily P / Schwandt, Michael / Henderson, Sarah B

Frontiers in public health

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1324662

Abstract: With the growing climate change crisis, public health agencies and practitioners must increasingly develop guidance documents addressing the public health risks and protective measures associated with multi-hazard events. Our Policy and Practice Review ... ...

Abstract	With the growing climate change crisis, public health agencies and practitioners must increasingly develop guidance documents addressing the public health risks and protective measures associated with multi-hazard events. Our Policy and Practice Review aims to assess current public health guidance and related messaging about co-exposure to wildfire smoke and extreme heat and recommend strengthened messaging to better protect people from these climate-sensitive hazards. We reviewed public health messaging published by governmental agencies between January 2013 and May 2023 in Canada and the United States. Publicly available resources were eligible if they discussed the co-occurrence of wildfire smoke and extreme heat and mentioned personal interventions (protective measures) to prevent exposure to either hazard. We reviewed local, regional, and national governmental agency messaging resources, such as online fact sheets and guidance documents. We assessed these resources according to four public health messaging themes, including (1) discussions around vulnerable groups and risk factors, (2) symptoms associated with these exposures, (3) health risks of each exposure individually, and (4) health risks from combined exposure. Additionally, we conducted a detailed assessment of current messaging about measures to mitigate exposure. We found 15 online public-facing resources that provided health messaging about co-exposure; however, only one discussed all four themes. We identified 21 distinct protective measures mentioned across the 15 resources. There is considerable variability and inconsistency regarding the types and level of detail across described protective measures. Of the identified 21 protective measures, nine may protect against both hazards simultaneously, suggesting opportunities to emphasize these particular messages to address both hazards together. More precise, complete, and coordinated public health messaging would protect against climate-sensitive health outcomes attributable to wildfire smoke and extreme heat co-exposures.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Wildfires ; Extreme Heat ; Climate Change ; Public Health ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Nicotiana
Chemical Substances	Smoke
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1324662
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Chronic Diseases Associated With Mortality in British Columbia, Canada During the 2021 Western North America Extreme Heat Event.

Lee, Michael Joseph / McLean, Kathleen E / Kuo, Michael / Richardson, Gregory R A / Henderson, Sarah B

GeoHealth

2023 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) e2022GH000729

Abstract: Western North America experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event (EHE) in 2021, characterized by high temperatures and reduced air quality. There were approximately 740 excess deaths during the EHE in the province of British Columbia, making it one ... ...

Abstract	Western North America experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event (EHE) in 2021, characterized by high temperatures and reduced air quality. There were approximately 740 excess deaths during the EHE in the province of British Columbia, making it one of the deadliest weather events in Canadian history. It is important to understand who is at risk of death during EHEs so that appropriate public health interventions can be developed. This study compares 1,614 deaths from 25 June to 02 July 2021 with 6,524 deaths on the same dates from 2012 to 2020 to examine differences in the prevalence of 26 chronic diseases between the two groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for each chronic disease, adjusted for age, sex, and all other diseases, and conditioned on geographic area. The OR [95% confidence interval] for schizophrenia among all EHE deaths was 3.07 [2.39, 3.94], and was larger than the ORs for other conditions. Chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease were also significantly increased among all EHE deaths, with ORs of 1.36 [1.18, 1.56] and 1.18 [1.00, 1.38], respectively. Chronic diseases associated with EHE mortality were somewhat different for deaths attributed to extreme heat, deaths with an unknown/pending cause, and non-heat-related deaths. Schizophrenia was the only condition associated with significantly increased odds of EHE mortality in all three subgroups. These results confirm the role of mental illness in EHE risk and provide further impetus for interventions that target specific groups of high-risk individuals based on underlying chronic conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2022GH000729
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Article: The Canadian Optimized Statistical Smoke Exposure Model (CanOSSEM): A machine learning approach to estimate national daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure

Paul, Naman / Yao, Jiayun / McLean, Kathleen E. / Stieb, David M. / Henderson, Sarah B.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Dec. 01, v. 850

2022

Abstract: Exposure to biomass smoke has been associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health outcomes. Over the past decades, the frequency and intensity of wildfires has increased in many areas, resulting in longer smoke episodes with higher ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to biomass smoke has been associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health outcomes. Over the past decades, the frequency and intensity of wildfires has increased in many areas, resulting in longer smoke episodes with higher concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅). There are also many communities where seasonal open burning and residential wood heating have short- and long-term impacts on ambient air quality. Understanding the acute and chronic health effects of biomass smoke exposure requires reliable estimates of PM₂.₅ concentrations during the wildfire season and throughout the year, particularly in areas without regulatory air quality monitoring stations. We have developed a machine learning approach to estimate PM₂.₅ across all populated regions of Canada from 2010 to 2019. The random forest machine learning model uses potential predictor variables integrated from multiple data sources and estimates daily mean (24-hour) PM₂.₅ concentrations at a 5 km × 5 km spatial resolution. The training and prediction datasets were generated using observations from National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) between predicted and observed PM₂.₅ concentrations was 2.96 μg/m³ for the entire prediction set, and more than 96 % of the predictions were within 5 μg/m³ of the NAPS PM₂.₅ measurements. The model was evaluated using 10-fold, leave one-region-out, and leave-one-year-out cross-validations. Overall, CanOSSEM performed well but performance was sensitive to removal of large wildfire events such as the Fort McMurray interface fire in May 2016 or the extreme 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons in British Columbia. Exposure estimates from CanOSSEM will be useful for epidemiologic studies on the acute and chronic health effects associated with PM₂.₅ exposure, especially for populations affected by biomass smoke where routine air quality measurements are not available.
Keywords	air pollution ; air quality ; biomass ; data collection ; environment ; exposure models ; forestry equipment ; heat ; monitoring ; particulates ; prediction ; smoke ; wildfires ; wood ; British Columbia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157956
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Development of methods for citizen scientist mapping of residential woodsmoke in small communities

Wagstaff, Matthew / Henderson, Sarah B. / McLean, Kathleen E. / Brauer, Michael

Journal of environmental management. 2022 June 01, v. 311

2022

Abstract: Residential wood burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) during winter and a leading contributor to air pollution. Exposure to woodsmoke PM₂.₅ is associated with many health effects, so it is important to characterize the magnitude ... ...

Abstract	Residential wood burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) during winter and a leading contributor to air pollution. Exposure to woodsmoke PM₂.₅ is associated with many health effects, so it is important to characterize the magnitude and spatial variability in exposures. However, high infrastructure and maintenance costs of regulatory monitoring stations limit their spatial resolution and make monitoring infeasible for many small communities where woodsmoke may be prevalent. Mobile monitoring was conducted with a nephelometer and multi-wavelength aethalometer, capable of identifying woodsmoke PM₂.₅, to capture spatially resolved data. This Combined Aethalometer and Nephelometer for Assessment of Woodsmoke (CANAW) method was evaluated in three pairs of communities in British Columbia, Canada. Measurements were also taken at fixed-site monitoring stations. Light scattering measured by a nephelometer (Bₛₚ) was compared with gravimetric filter-based and beta-attenuation measures of PM₂.₅. The difference in absorbance of 370 nm and 880 nm wavelengths as measured by an aethalometer (delta C), was compared with the chemical woodsmoke tracer levoglucosan. Fixed site measurements of Bₛₚ and delta C were comparable with established methods of monitoring PM₂.₅ and woodsmoke, respectively. Correlations in each tested relationship across all locations were high (r ≥ 0.93 in all cases). Mobile monitoring captured high spatial variation in woodsmoke PM₂.₅ and maps of average concentrations during monitoring were created to identify woodsmoke hotspots. Following the successful implementation of the mobile CANAW method, training materials were created and tested with lay volunteers along with an online mapping application. Volunteers were able to effectively operate the equipment, collect valuable data on woodsmoke concentrations, and map spatial patterns across their communities using the application. The CANAW method is a valuable option for advancing cost-effective data collection for residential woodsmoke in otherwise unmonitored communities, and to add spatial context to existing monitoring networks.
Keywords	absorbance ; air pollution ; citizen scientists ; cost effectiveness ; data collection ; environmental management ; equipment ; infrastructure ; particulates ; winter ; wood ; British Columbia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0601
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114788
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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