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Article ; Online: Plant traits alone are good predictors of ecosystem properties when used carefully.

Hagan, James G / Henn, Jonathan J / Osterman, Wilhelm H A

Nature ecology & evolution

2023 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 332–334

MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Plants ; Plant Leaves
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-022-01920-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Grassland management actions influence soil conditions and plant community responses to winter climate change

Henn, Jonathan J. / Damschen, Ellen I.

Ecosphere. 2022 Oct., v. 13, no. 10 p.e4270-

2022

Abstract: Restoring ecosystems in a changing climate requires understanding how management interventions interact with climate conditions. In tallgrass prairies, disturbance through fire, mowing, or grazing is a critical force in maintaining herbaceous plant ... ...

Abstract	Restoring ecosystems in a changing climate requires understanding how management interventions interact with climate conditions. In tallgrass prairies, disturbance through fire, mowing, or grazing is a critical force in maintaining herbaceous plant diversity. However, unlike historical fire regimes that occurred throughout the growing season, management actions like prescribed fire and mowing are commonly limited to the spring or fall seasons. Warming winters are resulting in less snow, causing overwintering plants to experience reduced insulation from snow and these more extreme winter conditions may be exacerbated or ameliorated depending on the timing of management actions. Understanding this novel interaction between the timing of management actions and snow depth is critical for managing and restoring grassland ecosystems. Here, we applied experimental management treatments (spring and fall burn and fall mow) in combination with snow depth manipulations to test whether the type and timing of commonly implemented disturbances interact with snow depth to affect restored prairie plant diversity and composition. Overall, snow manipulations and management actions influenced soil temperature while only management actions influenced spring thaw timing. Burning in the fall, which removes litter prior to winter resulted in colder soils and earlier spring thaw timing. However, plant communities were mostly resistant to these effects. Instead, plants responded to management actions such that burning and mowing, regardless of timing, increased plant diversity and spring burning increased flowering structure cover while reducing weedy cool season grass cover. Together these results suggest that grassland plant communities are resistant to winter climate change over the short term and that burning or mowing is critical to promoting plant diversity in tallgrass prairies.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; cool season grasses ; grassland management ; grasslands ; herbaceous plants ; insulating materials ; overwintering ; plant communities ; prescribed burning ; snow ; soil temperature ; species diversity ; spring
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.4270
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Plant age affects intraspecific variation in functional traits

Henn, Jonathan J / Damschen, Ellen I

Plant ecology. 2021 June, v. 222, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Functional traits are often used to examine ecological patterns and processes. Ontogeny—changes that occur over time as the result of development—generates variation in traits within individual organisms. We aimed to quantify the role of ontogeny in ... ...

Abstract	Functional traits are often used to examine ecological patterns and processes. Ontogeny—changes that occur over time as the result of development—generates variation in traits within individual organisms. We aimed to quantify the role of ontogeny in structuring functional trait variation across a range of co-existing herbaceous perennial species and hypothesized that ontogenetic variation in traits would be greater in younger vs. older plants. We grew eight herbaceous perennial forb species common in tallgrass prairies from seed in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin, USA to determine how and when time-related variation in functional traits is large relative to other sources of variation, such as differences between leaves and species. We destructively measured common functional traits on four individuals of each species every two weeks for 19 weeks, including leaf mass fraction, root mass fraction, stem mass fraction, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and leaf area. We found that most functional traits indeed change through time, that the direction of many changes are consistent between species but the magnitude of change is species specific, and most time-related variation occurred earlier in development. These results emphasize the importance of considering sampling timing and differences between young and old plants when measuring functional traits. Our results suggest that ontogenetic intraspecific variation can be substantial, especially early in life. It may be problematic to use traits measured from mature plants to interpret the importance of processes that occur at earlier life stages or vice versa; using seedling traits to understand adult plant responses may also be inappropriate.
Keywords	forbs ; greenhouses ; intraspecific variation ; leaf area ; leaf dry matter content ; leaf mass ; mature plants ; ontogeny ; plant age ; plant ecology ; seedlings ; specific leaf area ; Wisconsin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 669-680.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1364679-5
ISSN	1573-5052 ; 1385-0237
ISSN (online)	1573-5052
ISSN	1385-0237
DOI	10.1007/s11258-021-01136-2
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Article ; Online: Four reasons why functional traits are not being used in restoration practice

Merchant, Thomas K. / Henn, Jonathan J. / de Silva, Isabel / Van Cleemput, Elisa / Suding, Katharine N.

Restoration Ecology. 2023 Mar., v. 31, no. 3 p.e13788-

2023

Abstract: Restoration ecologists devote considerable time and resources to understanding the role of functional traits in community assembly and ecosystem functioning. However, while functional traits show promise in supporting restoration practice in some ... ...

Abstract	Restoration ecologists devote considerable time and resources to understanding the role of functional traits in community assembly and ecosystem functioning. However, while functional traits show promise in supporting restoration practice in some circumstances, traits are not often explicitly considered by practitioners. Here we highlight four reasons that are preventing the use of traits in restoration, ranging from different restoration targets and frameworks to practical considerations around species selection, databases, plant stock availability, and measurement approaches. We provide actions that can be taken by researchers, practitioners, plant stock producers, and policy makers to better incorporate functional traits in restoration practice and show how traits can complement existing practices to achieve both traditional/taxonomic and functional restoration targets. We hope to guide critical partnerships, missing research, and immediate actions to leverage the value of traits at all stages in the restoration process.
Keywords	ecological restoration ; ecosystems ; issues and policy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	914746-9
ISSN	1526-100X ; 1061-2971
ISSN (online)	1526-100X
ISSN	1061-2971
DOI	10.1111/rec.13788
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Article: Disturbance Type and Timing Affect Growth and Tolerance Strategies in Grassland Plant Leaves

Henn, Jonathan J. / Ladwig, Laura M. / Damschen, Ellen I.

The Society for Range Management Rangeland ecology & management. 2022 Jan., v. 80

2022

Abstract: As human activities alter winter climates and disturbance regimes in grassland and rangeland ecosystems, the temperatures that plants experience during spring are changing. Litter can help buffer overwintering herbaceous plants from temperature ... ...

Abstract	As human activities alter winter climates and disturbance regimes in grassland and rangeland ecosystems, the temperatures that plants experience during spring are changing. Litter can help buffer overwintering herbaceous plants from temperature fluctuations, and management practices dictate whether litter is present during the winter. Here, we investigate how disturbance type (burning, mowing) and timing (spring, fall) affect leaf characteristics related to growth and stress tolerance and how these traits change over time for five common tallgrass prairie species including four forb (Monarda fistulosa, Ratibida pinnata, Silphium integrifolium, Symphiotrichum laeve) and one grass species (Bromus inermis). To do this, we established a field experiment in Wisconsin, where plots were annually burned in the fall, mowed in the fall, burned in the spring, or left undisturbed (control) for 3 yr. We sampled leaves of target species seven times from spring emergence through early summer to measure specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf cold tolerance in each treatment. Leaves from fall-burned plots had lower SLAs, while leaves in spring-burned plots had higher SLAs early in the growing season. Leaf cold tolerance was similar across most treatments except in spring-burn plots, where leaves became more cold-hardy through time. We found weak evidence of a tradeoff between leaf growth and both cold tolerance and SLA. These results suggest that management decisions like litter removal before winter (e.g., fall burn or mow) prompted different plant responses compared with plots where litter was present during winter (e.g., spring burn). As species respond to winter climate change, management decisions have implications for mitigating climate change impacts and maintaining diversity in grasslands by affecting early-season plant growth strategies. For example, removing litter in the fall by burning promotes stress-tolerant responses, which may better equip plants to tolerate changing spring conditions.
Keywords	Bromus inermis ; Monarda fistulosa ; Ratibida pinnata ; Silphium ; administrative management ; climate change ; cold tolerance ; field experimentation ; forbs ; grasses ; humans ; leaves ; overwintering ; plant growth ; rangelands ; specific leaf area ; spring ; stress tolerance ; summer ; tallgrass prairies ; temperature ; winter ; Wisconsin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 18-25.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2235093-7
ISSN	1550-7424
ISSN	1550-7424
DOI	10.1016/j.rama.2021.09.005
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Article: Litter removal reduces seed predation in restored prairies during times when seed predation would otherwise be high

Anderegg, Genevieve C. / Henn, Jonathan J. / Orrock, John L. / Damschen, Ellen I.

Restoration ecology. 2022 Apr., v. 30, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Understanding patterns of seed predation in tallgrass prairie restorations is vital because seed additions are often used by managers to increase diversity and promote native species. However, the success of seed additions depends on the extent of seed ... ...

Abstract	Understanding patterns of seed predation in tallgrass prairie restorations is vital because seed additions are often used by managers to increase diversity and promote native species. However, the success of seed additions depends on the extent of seed predation. It is not clear how seed predation varies through time and to what extent it is affected by various commonly used management techniques in grasslands (e.g. spring or fall prescribed burns, mowing). We examined how predation of Sorghastrum nutans seeds changed during eight trials between June 2018 and April 2019 in plots that received one of four different plant litter removal treatments (fall mow, fall burn, spring burn, and unaltered control). Granivory varied throughout the year, reaching its peak in the late fall and early winter. However, we found that seed predators consumed significantly fewer seeds when litter was removed following fall burn and fall mow treatment applications. These treatments occurred during times when granivory was otherwise high in areas where litter remained intact (control and spring burn plots). Our findings highlight the importance of management decisions and how they interact with granivory in grassland restorations. Both time of year and litter cover determine seed predation rates; seed predators consume more seeds when seeds are abundant but rely on intact litter cover while foraging. This suggests that if seeds are added during the fall, litter should be removed to minimize the loss of seeds to granivory. Alternatively, seed additions during the spring are likely to experience lower rates of seed predation.
Keywords	Sorghastrum nutans ; autumn ; indigenous species ; plant litter ; seed predation ; spring ; tallgrass prairies ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	914746-9
ISSN	1526-100X ; 1061-2971
ISSN (online)	1526-100X
ISSN	1061-2971
DOI	10.1111/rec.13550
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Environmental gradients influence differences in leaf functional traits between native and non-native plants

Henn, Jonathan J / Damschen, Ellen I / Yelenik, Stephanie

Oecologia. 2019 Oct., v. 191, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Determining the characteristics of non-native plants that can successfully establish and spread is central to pressing questions in invasion ecology. Evidence suggests that some non-native species establish and spread in new environments because they ... ...

Abstract	Determining the characteristics of non-native plants that can successfully establish and spread is central to pressing questions in invasion ecology. Evidence suggests that some non-native species establish and spread in new environments because they possess characteristics (functional traits) that allow them to either successfully compete with native residents or fill previously unfilled niches. However, the relative importance of out-competing native species vs. filling empty niche space as potential mechanisms of invasion may depend on environmental characteristics. Here, we measured plant functional traits, proxies indicative of competitive and establishment strategies, to determine if these traits vary among native and invasive species and if their prevalence is dependent on environmental conditions. Using a natural environmental gradient in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, we evaluated how functional traits differ between native and non-native plant communities and if these differences change along an environmental gradient from hot, dry to cool, wet conditions. Functional trait differences suggested that both competition and open niche space may be important for invasion. Non-native communities tended to have traits associated with faster growth strategies such as higher specific leaf area and lower leaf thickness. However, native and non-native community traits became more dissimilar along the gradient, suggesting that non-native species may be occupying previously unfilled niche space at the hot, dry end of the gradient. We also found that most of the variation in functional trait values amongst plots was due to species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. These results highlight the role of environmental context when considering invasion mechanisms.
Keywords	ecological invasion ; environmental factors ; indigenous species ; intraspecific variation ; introduced plants ; invasive species ; leaf area ; leaves ; national parks ; niches ; plant communities ; volcanoes ; Hawaii
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 397-409.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04498-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Environmental gradients influence differences in leaf functional traits between native and non-native plants.

Henn, Jonathan J / Yelenik, Stephanie / Damschen, Ellen I

Oecologia

2019 Volume 191, Issue 2, Page(s) 397–409

Abstract	Determining the characteristics of non-native plants that can successfully establish and spread is central to pressing questions in invasion ecology. Evidence suggests that some non-native species establish and spread in new environments because they possess characteristics (functional traits) that allow them to either successfully compete with native residents or fill previously unfilled niches. However, the relative importance of out-competing native species vs. filling empty niche space as potential mechanisms of invasion may depend on environmental characteristics. Here, we measured plant functional traits, proxies indicative of competitive and establishment strategies, to determine if these traits vary among native and invasive species and if their prevalence is dependent on environmental conditions. Using a natural environmental gradient in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, we evaluated how functional traits differ between native and non-native plant communities and if these differences change along an environmental gradient from hot, dry to cool, wet conditions. Functional trait differences suggested that both competition and open niche space may be important for invasion. Non-native communities tended to have traits associated with faster growth strategies such as higher specific leaf area and lower leaf thickness. However, native and non-native community traits became more dissimilar along the gradient, suggesting that non-native species may be occupying previously unfilled niche space at the hot, dry end of the gradient. We also found that most of the variation in functional trait values amongst plots was due to species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. These results highlight the role of environmental context when considering invasion mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Introduced Species ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves ; Plants
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04498-7
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Article: Extreme winter warm event causes exceptionally early bud break for many woody species

Ladwig, Laura M / Chandler, Jennifer L / Guiden, Peter W / Henn, Jonathan J

Ecosphere. 2019 Jan., v. 10, no. 1

2019

Abstract: In many ecosystems, climate is changing faster during winter compared to other seasons. However, we lack basic information about the responses of many species to winter climate change, including extreme warm events. Extreme warm events may have ... ...

Abstract	In many ecosystems, climate is changing faster during winter compared to other seasons. However, we lack basic information about the responses of many species to winter climate change, including extreme warm events. Extreme warm events may have particularly strong influences at the end of winter, when some species begin to break dormancy while the risk of freezing remains high. Here, we monitored bud burst of 101 temperate woody species following an extreme warm event during winter to investigate species responses to this anomalous event and determine whether functional traits predicted species responses. Following six consecutive days of extreme warm temperatures in winter, nearly half the surveyed tree and shrub species had an advanced stage of bud phenology. Responding species were most likely to be shade‐intolerant, phylogenetically related, and have weaker dormancy requirements. Based on established species response thresholds to spring temperatures in the region, species were expected to be unresponsive to warm temperatures this early in the year, yet many species broke dormancy. Species responses to this extreme winter warm event highlighted how climate change can alter well‐established species–climate associations. In an era of increasing climate change creating novel winter conditions, continued monitoring both long‐term and following extreme events is needed to understand new species–climate dynamics.
Keywords	budbreak ; climate ; climate change ; dormancy ; ecosystems ; freezing ; monitoring ; phenology ; phylogeny ; risk ; shrubs ; temperature ; trees ; winter ; woody plants
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.2542
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Article ; Online: Mistletoes and their eucalypt hosts differ in the response of leaf functional traits to climatic moisture supply.

Richards, Jeannine H / Henn, Jonathan J / Sorenson, Quinn M / Adams, Mark A / Smith, Duncan D / McCulloh, Katherine A / Givnish, Thomas J

Oecologia

2021 Volume 195, Issue 3, Page(s) 759–771

Abstract: Trade-offs between photosynthesis and the costs of resource capture inform economic strategies of plants across environmental gradients and result in predictable variation in leaf traits. However, understudied functional groups like hemiparasites that ... ...

Abstract	Trade-offs between photosynthesis and the costs of resource capture inform economic strategies of plants across environmental gradients and result in predictable variation in leaf traits. However, understudied functional groups like hemiparasites that involve dramatically different strategies for resource capture may have traits that deviate from expectations. We measured leaf traits related to gas exchange in mistletoes and their eucalypt hosts along a climatic gradient in relative moisture supply, measured as the ratio of precipitation to pan evaporation (P/E
MeSH term(s)	Mistletoe ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; Plants ; Victoria
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-021-04867-1
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