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Article ; Online: Scrofuloderma with disseminated tuberculosis in an Ethiopian child

Henok Tadele

Journal of Medical Case Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a case report

2018 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract Background Cutaneous tuberculosis represents only 1–2% of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis. Scrofuloderma is an endogenous form of cutaneous tuberculosis and can present as isolated or coexist with pulmonary and disseminated forms of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Cutaneous tuberculosis represents only 1–2% of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis. Scrofuloderma is an endogenous form of cutaneous tuberculosis and can present as isolated or coexist with pulmonary and disseminated forms of tuberculosis. Pathologically confirmed scrofuloderma coexisting with disseminated tuberculosis with a good treatment response is presented and discussed. Case presentation A 12-year-old African Ethiopian girl presented with bilateral neck swelling with purulent discharge and skin ulceration of 3 months’ duration. Dry cough, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, drenching night sweats, global throbbing headache, and a significant amount of weight loss were also reported. Biopsy of the skin identified scrofuloderma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also identified by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain computed tomographic scans showed tuberculous meningitis and tuberculoma. Antituberculosis therapy with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; prednisolone; pyridoxine; and wound care were provided. The patient was discharged for outpatient directly observed antituberculosis therapy in a nearby health center after acute complications were treated and once the skin lesion had started to dry or heal. Conclusions Cutaneous tuberculosis should be considered in a child presenting with a skin lesion or discharge. Cutaneous tuberculosis cases should be investigated for coexisting pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis. Histopathologic diagnosis should be considered to rule out other skin pathologies and also to prevent delay in treatment. Better tuberculosis prevention strategies, including vaccination scale-up, are warranted.
Keywords	Cutaneous tuberculosis ; Scrofuloderma ; Xpert MTB/RIF ; Child ; Ethiopia ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A mixed-methods study exploring adherence to the referral of severely sick children in primary health care in Southern Ethiopia

Habtamu Beyene / Dejene Hailu / Henok Tadele / Lars Åke Persson / Della Berhanu

Archives of Public Health, Vol 79, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background We have shown that Ethiopian primary healthcare providers refer only half of the severely sick children who, according to guidelines, should get an urgent referral. Frequently parents of referred ill children don’t bring their ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background We have shown that Ethiopian primary healthcare providers refer only half of the severely sick children who, according to guidelines, should get an urgent referral. Frequently parents of referred ill children don’t bring their children to the next level. We aimed to describe the referral of severely ill Ethiopian children based on primary healthcare register reviews and explore health care providers’ and parents’ perceptions regarding factors that hinder or enhance referral. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in 11 districts and a town administration of the Hadiya zone in Ethiopia’s Southern region from May to June 2019. Data collection included interviews and focus group discussions with healthcare providers, key informant interviews with parents of sick children who had been referred, and reviewing registers of sick children treated during the last 12 months at health posts and health centres. We analysed the association between healthcare providers’ and sick children’s characteristics and providers’ compliance with referral guidelines for sick children 0–59 months old. Content analysis was undertaken to explore the perceived factors that influenced referral and adherence to referral from providers’ and parents’ perspectives. Results Healthcare providers did not refer nearly half of the severely ill children that should have been referred, according to guidelines. Providers who had received in-service training on child healthcare were more likely to adhere to referral guidelines. The severity of the child’s illness and mobile phone communication and transport availability were perceived to be positively associated with adherence to referral guidelines. Lack of knowledge of treatment guidelines and skills, and high health worker workload, were among the factors perceived to be linked to lower adherence to guidelines. The healthcare providers considered parents of referred sick children as having low compliance with the referral advice. In contrast, parents had the opinion that compliance with a referral for sick children was high. Perceived awareness of severity of the child’s illness, ability to afford referral costs, and availability of transport or ambulance services were perceived to motivate parents to take their children to the referral facility. Traditional illness perceptions, lack of confidence in the referral site’s medical care, and a long distance were perceived to hurdle caregivers’ referral compliance. Conclusions We found that the healthcare providers’ adherence to referral guidelines was not optimal. Care providers and parents had divergent opinions on parents’ compliance with referral advice. Factors related to the health system, family economy, and available ambulance services influence whether care providers and parents pursued severely ill children’s referral. Adequate referral of sick children is an aspect of primary healthcare quality that is essential to avoid unnecessary under-five deaths.
Keywords	Adherence to referral guideline ; Childhood referral ; Referral compliance ; Severe illnesses ; Sick child ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors associated with the referral of children with severe illnesses at primary care level in Ethiopia

Della Berhanu / Habtamu Beyene / Henok Tadele / Atkure Defar / Dejene Hailu Kassa / Lars Persson

BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

a cross-sectional study

2021 Volume 6

Abstract: Context and objective Ethiopia’s primary care has a weak referral system for sick children. We aimed to identify health post and child factors associated with referrals of sick children 0–59 months of age and evaluate the healthcare providers’ adherence ... ...

Abstract	Context and objective Ethiopia’s primary care has a weak referral system for sick children. We aimed to identify health post and child factors associated with referrals of sick children 0–59 months of age and evaluate the healthcare providers’ adherence to referral guidelines.Design A cross-sectional facility-based survey.Setting This study included data from 165 health posts in 52 districts in four Ethiopian regions collected from December 2018 to February 2019. The data included interviews with health extension workers, assessment of health post preparedness, recording of global positioning system (GPS)-coordinates of the health post and the referral health centre, and reviewing registers of sick children treated during the last 3 months at the health posts. We analysed the association between the sick child’s characteristics, health post preparedness and distance to the health centre with referral of sick children by multivariable logistic regressions.Outcome measure Referral to the nearest health centre of sick young infants aged 0–59 days and sick children 2–59 months.Results The health extension workers referred 39/229 (17%) of the sick young infants and 78/1123 (7%) of the older children to the next level of care. Only 18 (37%) sick young infants and 22 (50%) 2–59 months children that deserved urgent referral according to guidelines were referred. The leading causes of referral were possible serious bacterial infection and pneumonia. Those being classified as a severe disease were referred more frequently. The availability of basic amenities (adjusted OR, AOR=0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.96), amoxicillin (AOR=0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.88) and rapid diagnostic test (AOR=0.18, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.46) were associated with less referral in the older age group.Conclusion Few children with severe illness were referred from health posts to health centres. Improving the health posts’ medicine and diagnostic supplies may enhance adherence to referral guidelines and ultimately reduce child mortality.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in infants less than six months of age in Hawassa, an urban setting, Ethiopia

Bethlihem Adugna / Henok Tadele / Fekadu Reta / Yifru Berhan

International Breastfeeding Journal, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. However, the proportion of EBF in Ethiopia is 58%. The EBF practice and factors affecting it have not been studied in ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. However, the proportion of EBF in Ethiopia is 58%. The EBF practice and factors affecting it have not been studied in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of EBF practice among infants less than six months age in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Methods A total of 529 mothers with infants aged 0–6 months were involved in this study between November 2015 and January 2016. Trained interviewers collected data from the mothers of the infants. Exclusive breastfeeding was assessed based on infant feeding practice in the prior 24 h. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results Infants aged 0–5.9 months were studied with comparable gender composition (51.4% females). The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was 60.9% (95% CI 56.6, 65.1). Mothers with infants aged 0–1.9 months and 2–3.9 months practiced EBF more likely than mothers with infants aged 4–6 months (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.59; 95% CI 2.07, 6.2) and (AOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.23, 3.5), respectively. Married mothers practiced EBF more likely than singles (AOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.03, 4.06). Housewives practiced EBF more likely than employed mothers (AOR 2.57; 95% CI 1.34, 4.9). Mothers who had a vaginal birth were more likely to practice EBF than mothers who gave birth via Cesarean section (AOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.7, 4.6). Mothers who gave birth at a healthcare facility were more likely to practice EBF than mothers who gave birth at home (AOR 8.8; 95% CI 5.04, 15.4). Mothers without a breast complication practiced exclusive breastfeeding more than mothers with breast complications (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.5, 4.1). Conclusions This study showed a low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. Younger infants, babies born to married women, who are housewives, having a vaginal birth in a health facility, and whose mother’s breasts were healthy, were predictors for EBF. The promotion of an ...
Keywords	Less than six months of age ; Determinants ; Ethiopia ; Exclusive breastfeeding ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Home delivery practice and its predictors in South Ethiopia.

Dejene Hailu / Henok Tadele / Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse / Akalewold Alemayehu / Teshome Abuka / Fitsum Woldegebriel / Abel Gedefaw / Selamawit Mengesha / Yusuf Haji

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e

2021 Volume 0254696

Abstract: Background Institutional delivery is one of the key interventions to reduce maternal death. It ensures safe birth, reduces both actual and potential complications, and decreases maternal and newborn death. However, a significant proportion of deliveries ... ...

Abstract	Background Institutional delivery is one of the key interventions to reduce maternal death. It ensures safe birth, reduces both actual and potential complications, and decreases maternal and newborn death. However, a significant proportion of deliveries in developing countries like Ethiopia are home deliveries and are not attended by skilled birth attendants. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of home delivery in three districts in Sidama administration, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Between 15-29 October 2018, a cross sectional survey of 507 women who gave birth within the past 12 months was conducted using multi-stage sampling. Sociodemographic and childbirth related data were collected using structured, interviewer administered tools. Univariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were run to assess independent predictors of home delivery. Results The response rate was 97.6% (495). In the past year, 22.8% (113), 95% confidence interval (CI) (19%, 27%) gave birth at home. Rural residence, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 13.68 (95%CI:4.29-43.68); no maternal education, aOR = 20.73(95%CI:6.56-65.54) or completed only elementary school, aOR = 7.62(95% CI: 2.58-22.51); unknown expected date of delivery, aOR = 1.81(95% CI: 1.03-3.18); being employed women (those working for wage and self-employed), aOR = 2.79 (95%CI:1.41-5.52) and not planning place of delivery, aOR = 26.27, (95%CI: 2.59-266.89) were independently associated with place of delivery. Conclusion The prevalence of institutional delivery in the study area has improved from the 2016 Ethiopian Demography Health Survey report of 26%. Uneducated, rural and employed women were more likely to deliver at home. Strategies should be designed to expand access to and utilization of institutional delivery services among the risky groups.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Home delivery practice and its predictors in South Ethiopia

Dejene Hailu / Henok Tadele / Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse / Akalewold Alemayehu / Teshome Abuka / Fitsum Woldegebriel / Abel Gedefaw / Selamawit Mengesha / Yusuf Haji

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss

2021 Volume 8

Abstract	Background Institutional delivery is one of the key interventions to reduce maternal death. It ensures safe birth, reduces both actual and potential complications, and decreases maternal and newborn death. However, a significant proportion of deliveries in developing countries like Ethiopia are home deliveries and are not attended by skilled birth attendants. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of home delivery in three districts in Sidama administration, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Between 15–29 October 2018, a cross sectional survey of 507 women who gave birth within the past 12 months was conducted using multi-stage sampling. Sociodemographic and childbirth related data were collected using structured, interviewer administered tools. Univariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were run to assess independent predictors of home delivery. Results The response rate was 97.6% (495). In the past year, 22.8% (113), 95% confidence interval (CI) (19%, 27%) gave birth at home. Rural residence, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 13.68 (95%CI:4.29–43.68); no maternal education, aOR = 20.73(95%CI:6.56–65.54) or completed only elementary school, aOR = 7.62(95% CI: 2.58–22.51); unknown expected date of delivery, aOR = 1.81(95% CI: 1.03–3.18); being employed women (those working for wage and self-employed), aOR = 2.79 (95%CI:1.41–5.52) and not planning place of delivery, aOR = 26.27, (95%CI: 2.59–266.89) were independently associated with place of delivery. Conclusion The prevalence of institutional delivery in the study area has improved from the 2016 Ethiopian Demography Health Survey report of 26%. Uneducated, rural and employed women were more likely to deliver at home. Strategies should be designed to expand access to and utilization of institutional delivery services among the risky groups.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Empiric Treatment of Acute Meningitis Syndrome in a Resource-Limited Setting: Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Survival or Death.

Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun / Foster, Byron Alexander / Shibeshi, Mulugeta Sitot / Dangiso, Henok Tadele

Ethiopian journal of health sciences

2018 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 581–588

Abstract: Background: Bacterial meningitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. However, limited research has focused on the diagnosis and management of meningitis in resource-limited settings.: Methods: We designed a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Bacterial meningitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. However, limited research has focused on the diagnosis and management of meningitis in resource-limited settings. Methods: We designed a prospective case series of children admitted to a large, academic referral hospital with acute meningitis syndrome. Data were collected on age, time of presentation, prior antibiotics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters, antibiotic and steroid prescription, and clinical outcome. Results: Data on 99 patients were collected and analyzed. Most of the patients were males, n=69 (70%), and were from a rural area, n=83 (84%). Incomplete vaccination was common, n=36 (36%) and many have evidence of malnutrition, n=25 (38%). Most patients, n=64 (72%), had received antibiotics prior to admission with a mean duration of symptoms of 4.9 days prior to admission. The CSF white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in those who had not received prior antibiotics though it was elevated in both groups. The CSF WBC count was not associated with survival; malnutrition and length of symptoms prior to admission were both associated with decreased survival. Conclusions: While use of antibiotics prior to obtaining CSF in patients with acute meningitis syndrome may decrease their CSF WBC count, it is not clinically significant. Many patients had a significant delay in presentation that had an effect on survival, This is a potentially modifiable risk factor despite the resourcelimited setting.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Health Resources ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Malnutrition/complications ; Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid ; Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Meningitis, Bacterial/mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-31
Publishing country	Ethiopia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2705970-4
ISSN	2413-7170 ; 2413-7170
ISSN (online)	2413-7170
ISSN	2413-7170
DOI	10.4314/ejhs.v27i6.3
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Article ; Online: Preterm care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nicole Minckas / Melissa M. Medvedev / Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe / Helen Brotherton / Harish Chellani / Abiy Seifu Estifanos / Chinyere Ezeaka / Abebe G. Gobezayehu / Grace Irimu / Kondwani Kawaza / Vishwajeet Kumar / Augustine Massawe / Sarmila Mazumder / Ivan Mambule / Araya Abrha Medhanyie / Elizabeth M. Molyneux / Sam Newton / Nahya Salim / Henok Tadele /

Cally J. Tann / Sachiyo Yoshida / Rajiv Bahl / Suman P.N. Rao / Joy E. Lawn

EClinicalMedicine, Vol 33, Iss , Pp 100733- (2021)

A comparative risk analysis of neonatal deaths averted by kangaroo mother care versus mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is disrupting health services for mothers and newborns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Preterm newborns are particularly vulnerable. We undertook analyses of the benefits of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 is disrupting health services for mothers and newborns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Preterm newborns are particularly vulnerable. We undertook analyses of the benefits of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on survival among neonates weighing ≤2000 g compared with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquired from infected mothers/caregivers. Methods: We modelled two scenarios over 12 months. Scenario 1 compared the survival benefits of KMC with universal coverage (99%) and mortality risk due to COVID-19. Scenario 2 estimated incremental deaths from reduced coverage and complete disruption of KMC. Projections were based on the most recent data for 127 LMICs (~90% of global births), with results aggregated into five regions. Findings: Our worst-case scenario (100% transmission) could result in 1,950 neonatal deaths from COVID-19. Conversely, 125,680 neonatal lives could be saved with universal KMC coverage. Hence, the benefit of KMC is 65-fold higher than the mortality risk of COVID-19. If recent evidence of 10% transmission was applied, the ratio would be 630-fold. We estimated a 50% reduction in KMC coverage could result in 12,570 incremental deaths and full disruption could result in 25,140 incremental deaths, representing a 2·3–4·6% increase in neonatal mortality across the 127 countries. Interpretation: The survival benefit of KMC far outweighs the small risk of death due to COVID-19. Preterm newborns are at risk, especially in LMICs where the consequences of disruptions are substantial. Policymakers and healthcare professionals need to protect services and ensure clearer messaging to keep mothers and newborns together, even if the mother is SARS-CoV-2-positive. Funding: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Elma Philanthropies; Wellcome Trust; and Joint Global Health Trials scheme of Department of Health and Social Care, Department for International Development, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome ...
Keywords	Kangaroo mother care ; Breastfeeding ; Newborn ; Preterm ; Low birthweight ; Neonatal mortality ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Small and sick newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Queen Dube / Peter Waiswa / Rajiv Bahl / Ivan Mambule / Eric Ohuma / Cally Tann / Joy E Lawn / Sam Newton / Sarmila Mazumder / Nita Bhandari / Sachiyo Yoshida / Eric O Ohuma / Harish Chellani / Araya Abrha Medhanyie / Abebe Gebremariam Gobezayehu / Aarti Kumar / Vishwajeet Kumar / Abiy Seifu Estifanos / Henok Tadele /

Rashmi Kumar / Melissa M Medvedev / Chinyere Ezeaka / Msandeni Chiume / Rajesh Mehta / Kondwani Kawaza / Nahya Salim / Suman P N Rao / Nicole Minckas / Prashantha Y N / Alfrida Camelia Silitonga / Arun Singh Jadaun / Ebunoluwa A Adejuyigbe / Helen Brotherton / Sugandha Arya / Rani Gera / Chinyere V Ezeaka / Abdou Gai / Helga Naburi / Victor Tumukunde / Gyikua Plange-Rhule / Josephine Shabini / Fitsum W/Gebriel / Amanuel Hadgu / Lamesgin Alamineh / Elizabeth Molyneux / Irene Agyeman / Naana Wireko-Brobby / Ebunoluwa Adejuyigbe / Henry Anyabolu

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

global survey and thematic analysis of healthcare providers’ voices and experiences

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting health systems globally. Maternity care disruptions have been surveyed, but not those related to vulnerable small newborns. We aimed to survey reported disruptions to small and sick newborn care worldwide ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting health systems globally. Maternity care disruptions have been surveyed, but not those related to vulnerable small newborns. We aimed to survey reported disruptions to small and sick newborn care worldwide and undertake thematic analysis of healthcare providers’ experiences and proposed mitigation strategies.Methods Using a widely disseminated online survey in three languages, we reached out to neonatal healthcare providers. We collected data on COVID-19 preparedness, effects on health personnel and on newborn care services, including kangaroo mother care (KMC), as well as disruptors and solutions.Results We analysed 1120 responses from 62 countries, mainly low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preparedness for COVID-19 was suboptimal in terms of guidelines and availability of personal protective equipment. One-third reported routine testing of all pregnant women, but 13% had no testing capacity at all. More than 85% of health personnel feared for their own health and 89% had increased stress. Newborn care practices were disrupted both due to reduced care-seeking and a compromised workforce. More than half reported that evidence-based interventions such as KMC were discontinued or discouraged. Separation of the mother–baby dyad was reported for both COVID-positive mothers (50%) and those with unknown status (16%). Follow-up care was disrupted primarily due to families’ fear of visiting hospitals (~73%).Conclusion Newborn care providers are stressed and there is lack clarity and guidelines regarding care of small newborns during the pandemic. There is an urgent need to protect life-saving interventions, such as KMC, threatened by the pandemic, and to be ready to recover and build back better.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Scaling up Kangaroo Mother Care in Ethiopia and India

Anayda Portela / Rajiv Bahl / Sarmila Mazumder / Nita Bhandari / Jose Martines / Lynn M Sibley / Ramesh Agarwal / Gary L Darmstadt / Khalid Aziz / Thomas Brune / Araya Abrha Medhanyie / Selemawit Asfaw Beyene / John N Cranmer / Dereje Duguma / Addisalem Fikre / Abebe Gebremariam Gobezayehu / H L Mohan / Arin Kar / Raghav Krishna /

Aarti Kumar / Vishwajeet Kumar / Mulusew Lijalem Belew / Prem K Mony / Abiy Seifu Estifanos / Henok Tadele / Abraham Tariku / Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse / Marta Yemane Hadush / Grace J Chan / Krishnamurthy Jayanna / Tarun Kumar / Pankaj Kumar / Sonia Trikha / Damen HaileMariam / Alok Kumar / Arun Singh Jadaun / Fitsum W/Gebriel / Lamesgin Alamineh / Maryann Washington / Dejene Hailu Kassa / Hajira Amin Mohammed / Tedros Hailu Abay / Fisseha Ashebir Gebregizabher / Selamawit Mengesha Bilal / Mesfin Kote Debere / Suresh Kumar Dalpath / Samson Yohannes Amare / Arti Sahu / Prabhu Deva Gowda / Pramod Kumar Singh

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

a multi-site implementation research study

2021 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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