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Article ; Online: Assessing the daily natural history of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in adults and older children in Katakwi, Uganda: a longitudinal cohort study.

Hergott, Dianna E B / Owalla, Tonny J / Staubus, Weston J / Seilie, Annette M / Chavtur, Chris / Balkus, Jennifer E / Apio, Bernadette / Lema, Jimmy / Cemeri, Barbara / Akileng, Andrew / Chang, Ming / Egwang, Thomas G / Murphy, Sean C

The Lancet. Microbe

2024 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e72–e80

Abstract: Background: Low-density asymptomatic Plasmodium infections are prevalent in endemic areas, but little is known about their natural history. The trajectories of these infections and their propensity to fluctuate to undetectable densities can affect ... ...

Abstract	Background: Low-density asymptomatic Plasmodium infections are prevalent in endemic areas, but little is known about their natural history. The trajectories of these infections and their propensity to fluctuate to undetectable densities can affect detection in clinical trials and field studies. We aimed to classify the natural history of these infections in a high transmission area over 29 days. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, we enrolled healthy, malaria-asymptomatic, afebrile, adults (age 18-59 years) and older children (age 8-17 years) in Katakwi District, Uganda, who were negative for Plasmodium infection on rapid diagnostic tests. Participants were instructed to self-collect one dried blood spot (DBS) per day for a maximum of 29 days. We excluded people if they were pregnant or taking antimalarials. During weekly clinic visits, staff collected a DBS and a 4 mL sample of venous blood. We analysed DBSs by Plasmodium 18S rRNA quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We classified DBS by infection type as negative, P falciparum, non-P falciparum, or mixed. We plotted infection type over time for each participant and categorised trajectories as negative, new, cleared, chronic, or indeterminate infections. To estimate the effect of single timepoint sampling, we calculated the daily prevalence for each study day and estimated the number of infections that would have been detected in our population if sampling frequency was reduced. Findings: Between April 9 and May 20, 2021, 3577 DBSs were collected by 128 (40 male adults, 60 female adults, 12 male children, and 16 female children) study participants. 2287 (64%) DBSs were categorised as negative, 751 (21%) as positive for P falciparum, 507 (14%) as positive for non-P falciparum, and 32 (1%) as mixed infections. Daily Plasmodium prevalence in the population ranged from 45·3% (95% CI 36·6-54·1) at baseline to 30·3% (21·9-38·6) on day 24. 37 (95%) of 39 P falciparum and 35 (85%) of 41 non-P falciparum infections would have been detected with every other day sampling, whereas, with weekly sampling, 35 (90%) P falciparum infections and 31 (76%) non-P falciparum infections would have been detected. Interpretation: Parasite dynamics and species are highly variable among low-density asymptomatic Plasmodium infections. Sampling every other day or every 3 days detected a similar proportion of infections as daily sampling, whereas testing once per week or even less frequently could misclassify up to a third of the infections. Even using highly sensitive diagnostics, single timepoint testing might misclassify the true infection status of an individual. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Adult ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00262-8
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Article: Plasmodium

Chavtur, Chris / Staubus, Weston J / Ho, Mabel / Hergott, Dianna E B / Seilie, Annette M / Healy, Sara / Duffy, Patrick / Jackson, Lisa / Talley, Angela / Kappe, Stefan H I / Hoffman, Stephen L / Richie, Thomas L / Kublin, James G / Chang, Ming / Murphy, Sean C

Open forum infectious diseases

2023 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) ofad202

Abstract: Background: Sensitive molecular assays, such as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of : Methods: For this analysis, 18S rRNA qRT-PCR data were compiled from 127 : Results: The median time to biomarker clearance ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sensitive molecular assays, such as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of Methods: For this analysis, 18S rRNA qRT-PCR data were compiled from 127 Results: The median time to biomarker clearance was 3 days (interquartile range, 3-5 days), while the median time to TBS clearance was 1 day (1-2 days). Time to biomarker clearance increased with the parasite density at which treatment was initiated. Parasite density did not have a significant effect on TBS clearance. Conclusions: The
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofad202
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Article ; Online: Rethinking detection of pre-existing and intervening

Owalla, Tonny J / Hergott, Dianna E B / Seilie, Annette M / Staubus, Weston / Chavtur, Chris / Chang, Ming / Kublin, James G / Egwang, Thomas G / Murphy, Sean C

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1003452

Abstract: Pre-existing and intervening low- ... ...

Abstract	Pre-existing and intervening low-density
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
Chemical Substances	Malaria Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003452
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Article ; Online: Feasibility of community at-home dried blood spot collection combined with pooled reverse transcription PCR as a viable and convenient method for malaria epidemiology studies.

Hergott, Dianna E B / Owalla, Tonny J / Balkus, Jennifer E / Apio, Bernadette / Lema, Jimmy / Cemeri, Barbara / Akileng, Andrew / Seilie, Annette M / Chavtur, Chris / Staubus, Weston / Chang, Ming / Egwang, Thomas G / Murphy, Sean C

Malaria journal

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 221

Abstract: Background: Many Plasmodium infections in endemic regions exist at densities below the limit of detection of standard diagnostic tools. These infections threaten control efforts and may impact vaccine and therapeutic drug studies. Simple, cost-effective ...

Abstract	Background: Many Plasmodium infections in endemic regions exist at densities below the limit of detection of standard diagnostic tools. These infections threaten control efforts and may impact vaccine and therapeutic drug studies. Simple, cost-effective methods are needed to study the natural history of asymptomatic submicroscopic parasitaemia. Self-collected dried blood spots (DBS) analysed using pooled and individual quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) provide such a solution. Here, the feasibility and acceptability of daily at-home DBS collections for qRT-PCR was studied to better understand low-density infections. Methods: Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-negative individuals in Katakwi District, northeastern Uganda, were recruited between April and May 2021. Venous blood samples and clinic-collected DBS were taken at enrollment and at four weekly clinic visits. Participants were trained in DBS collection and asked to collect six DBS weekly between clinic visits. Opinions about the collection process were solicited using daily Diary Cards and a Likert scale survey at the final study visit. Venous blood and DBS were analysed by Plasmodium 18S rRNA qRT-PCR. The number of participants completing the study, total DBS collected, and opinions of the process were analysed to determine compliance and acceptability. The human internal control mRNA and Plasmodium 18S rRNA were evaluated for at-home vs. clinic-collected DBS and venous blood to assess quality and accuracy of at-home collected samples. Results: One-hundred two adults and 29 children were enrolled, and 95 and 26 completed the study, respectively. Three individuals withdrew due to pain or inconvenience of procedures. Overall, 96% of participants collected ≥ 16 of 24 at-home DBS, and 87% of DBS contained ≥ 40 µL of blood. The procedure was well tolerated and viewed favourably by participants. At-home collected DBS were acceptable for qRT-PCR and showed less than a one qRT-PCR cycle threshold shift in the human control mRNA compared to clinic-collected DBS. Correlation between Plasmodium falciparum 18S rRNA from paired whole blood and DBS was high (R = 0.93). Conclusions: At-home DBS collection is a feasible, acceptable, and robust method to obtain blood to evaluate the natural history of low-density Plasmodium infections by qRT-PCR.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Reverse Transcription
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091229-8
ISSN	1475-2875 ; 1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
ISSN	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-022-04239-x
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Article ; Online: Clustering of subpatent infections in households with asymptomatic rapid diagnostic test-positive cases in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea independent of travel to regions of higher malaria endemicity: a cross-sectional study.

Hergott, Dianna E B / Balkus, Jennifer E / García, Guillermo A / Cruz, Kurtis R / Seilie, Annette M / Masters, Haley / Aveika, Akum A / Iyanga, Marcos Mbuilto / Mba Eyono, Jeremias Nzamio / Guthrie, Brandon L / Murphy, Sean C

Malaria journal

2021 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 313

Abstract: Background: Prevalence of falciparum malaria on Bioko Island remains high despite sustained, intensive control. Progress may be hindered by high proportions of subpatent infections that are not detected by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) but contribute to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prevalence of falciparum malaria on Bioko Island remains high despite sustained, intensive control. Progress may be hindered by high proportions of subpatent infections that are not detected by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) but contribute to onward transmission, and by imported infections. Better understanding of the relationship between subpatent infections and RDT-detected infections, and whether this relationship is different from imported versus locally acquired infections, is imperative to better understand the sources of infection and mechanisms of transmission to tailor more effective interventions. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on a sub-set of samples from the 2015 Malaria Indicator Survey to identify subpatent infections. Households with RDT(+) individuals were matched 1:4 with households with no RDT(+) individuals. The association between living in a household with an RDT(+) individual and having a subpatent infection was evaluated using multivariate hierarchical logistic regression models with inverse probability weights for selection. To evaluate possible modification of the association by potential importation of the RDT(+) case, the analysis was repeated among strata of matched sets based on the reported eight-week travel history of the RDT(+) individual(s). Results: There were 142 subpatent infections detected in 1,400 individuals (10.0%). The prevalence of subpatent infections was higher in households with versus without an RDT(+) individual (15.0 vs 9.1%). The adjusted prevalence odds of subpatent infection were 2.59-fold greater (95% CI: 1.31, 5.09) for those in a household with an RDT(+) individual compared to individuals in a household without RDT(+) individuals. When stratifying by travel history of the RDT(+) individual, the association between subpatent infections and RDT(+) infections was stronger in the strata in which the RDT(+) individual(s) had not recently travelled (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR) 2.95; 95% CI:1.17, 7.41), and attenuated in the strata in which recent travel was reported (aPOR 1.76; 95% CI: 0.54, 5.67). Conclusions: There is clustering of subpatent infections around RDT(+) individual(s) when both imported and local infection are suspected. Future control strategies that aim to treat whole households in which an RDT(+) individual is found may target a substantial portion of infections that would otherwise not be detected.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Equatorial Guinea/epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Travel ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-021-03844-6
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Article ; Online: Identifying individual, household and environmental risk factors for malaria infection on Bioko Island to inform interventions.

García, Guillermo A / Janko, Mark / Hergott, Dianna E B / Donfack, Olivier T / Smith, Jordan M / Mba Eyono, Jeremías Nzamío / DeBoer, Kylie R / Nguema Avue, Restituto Mba / Phiri, Wonder P / Aldrich, Edward M / Schwabe, Christopher / Stabler, Thomas C / Rivas, Matilde Riloha / Cameron, Ewan / Guerra, Carlos A / Cook, Jackie / Kleinschmidt, Immo / Bradley, John

Malaria journal

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 72

Abstract: Background: Since 2004, malaria transmission on Bioko Island has declined significantly as a result of the scaling-up of control interventions. The aim of eliminating malaria from the Island remains elusive, however, underscoring the need to adapt ... ...

Abstract	Background: Since 2004, malaria transmission on Bioko Island has declined significantly as a result of the scaling-up of control interventions. The aim of eliminating malaria from the Island remains elusive, however, underscoring the need to adapt control to the local context. Understanding the factors driving the risk of malaria infection is critical to inform optimal suits of interventions in this adaptive approach. Methods: This study used individual and household-level data from the 2015 and 2018 annual malaria indicator surveys on Bioko Island, as well as remotely-sensed environmental data in multilevel logistic regression models to quantify the odds of malaria infection. The analyses were stratified by urban and rural settings and by survey year. Results: Malaria prevalence was higher in 10-14-year-old children and similar between female and male individuals. After adjusting for demographic factors and other covariates, many of the variables investigated showed no significant association with malaria infection. The factor most strongly associated was history of travel to mainland Equatorial Guinea (mEG), which increased the odds significantly both in urban and rural settings (people who travelled had 4 times the odds of infection). Sleeping under a long-lasting insecticidal net decreased significantly the odds of malaria across urban and rural settings and survey years (net users had around 30% less odds of infection), highlighting their contribution to malaria control on the Island. Improved housing conditions indicated some protection, though this was not consistent across settings and survey year. Conclusions: Malaria risk on Bioko Island is heterogeneous and determined by a combination of factors interacting with local mosquito ecology. These interactions grant further investigation in order to better adapt control according to need. The single most important risk factor identified was travel to mEG, in line with previous investigations, and represents a great challenge for the success of malaria control on the Island.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adolescent ; Malaria ; Risk Factors ; Culicidae ; Ecology ; Equatorial Guinea
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091229-8
ISSN	1475-2875 ; 1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
ISSN	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-023-04504-7
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Article ; Online: Mapping and enumerating houses and households to support malaria control interventions on Bioko Island.

García, Guillermo A / Hergott, Dianna E B / Phiri, Wonder P / Perry, Megan / Smith, Jordan / Osa Nfumu, Jose Osa / Nzamio, Jeremías / Fuseini, Godwin / Stabler, Thomas / Rivas, Matilde Riloha / Kleinschmidt, Immo / Schwabe, Christopher / Guerra, Carlos A

Malaria journal

2019 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 283

Abstract: Background: Housing mapping and household enumeration are essential for the planning, implementation, targeting, and monitoring of malaria control interventions. In many malaria endemic countries, control efforts are hindered by incomplete or non- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Housing mapping and household enumeration are essential for the planning, implementation, targeting, and monitoring of malaria control interventions. In many malaria endemic countries, control efforts are hindered by incomplete or non-existent housing cartography and household enumeration. This paper describes the development of a comprehensive mapping and enumeration system to support the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP). Results: A highly detailed database was developed to include every housing unit on Bioko Island and uniquely enumerate the associated households residing in these houses. First, the island was divided into a virtual, geo-dereferenced grid of 1 × 1 km sequentially numbered map-areas, each of which was in turn subdivided into one hundred, 100 × 100 m sequentially numbered map-sectors. Second, high-resolution satellite imagery was used to sequentially and uniquely identify all housing units within each map-sector. Third, where satellite imagery was not available, global positioning systems (GPS) were used as the basis for uniquely identifying and mapping housing units in a sequential manner. A total of 97,048 housing units were mapped by 2018, 56% of which were concentrated in just 5.2% of Bioko Island's total mapped area. Of these housing units, 70.7% were occupied, thus representing uniquely identified households. Conclusions: The housing unit mapping and household enumeration system developed for Bioko Island enabled the BIMCP to more effectively plan, implement, target, and monitor malaria control interventions. Since 2014, the BIMCP has used the unique household identifiers to monitor all household-level interventions, including indoor residual spraying, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets distribution, and annual malaria indicator surveys. The coding system used to create the unique housing unit and household identifiers is highly intuitive and allows quick location of any house within the grid without a GPS. Its flexibility has permitted the BIMCP to easily take into account the rapid and substantial changes in housing infrastructure. Importantly, by utilizing this coding system, an unprecedented quantity and diversity of detailed, geo-referenced demographic and health data have been assembled that have proved highly relevant for informing decision-making both for malaria control and potentially for the wider public health agenda on Bioko Island.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anopheles ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Equatorial Guinea ; Family Characteristics ; Geographic Mapping ; Housing ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito Vectors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-019-2920-x
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Article ; Online: Human mobility patterns and malaria importation on Bioko Island.

Guerra, Carlos A / Kang, Su Yun / Citron, Daniel T / Hergott, Dianna E B / Perry, Megan / Smith, Jordan / Phiri, Wonder P / Osá Nfumu, José O / Mba Eyono, Jeremías N / Battle, Katherine E / Gibson, Harry S / García, Guillermo A / Smith, David L

Nature communications

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 2332

Abstract: Malaria burden on Bioko Island has decreased significantly over the past 15 years. The impact of interventions on malaria prevalence, however, has recently stalled. Here, we use data from island-wide, annual malaria indicator surveys to investigate human ...

Abstract	Malaria burden on Bioko Island has decreased significantly over the past 15 years. The impact of interventions on malaria prevalence, however, has recently stalled. Here, we use data from island-wide, annual malaria indicator surveys to investigate human movement patterns and their relationship to Plasmodium falciparum prevalence. Using geostatistical and mathematical modelling, we find that off-island travel is more prevalent in and around the capital, Malabo. The odds of malaria infection among off-island travelers are significantly higher than the rest of the population. We estimate that malaria importation rates are high enough to explain malaria prevalence in much of Malabo and its surroundings, and that local transmission is highest along the West Coast of the island. Despite uncertainty, these estimates of residual transmission and importation serve as a basis for evaluating progress towards elimination and for efficiently allocating resources as Bioko makes the transition from control to elimination.
MeSH term(s)	Communicable Diseases, Imported/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/parasitology ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/prevention & control ; Equatorial Guinea/epidemiology ; Humans ; Islands/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control ; Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Travel/statistics & numerical data ; Travel/trends ; Travel-Related Illness
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-019-10339-1
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Article ; Online: Safety and Immunogenicity of Radiation-Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine in Equatoguinean Infants, Children, and Adults.

Jongo, Said A / Urbano Nsue Ndong Nchama, Vicente / Church, L W Preston / Olotu, Ally / Manock, Stephen R / Schindler, Tobias / Mtoro, Ali / Kc, Natasha / Devinsky, Orrin / Zan, Elcin / Hamad, Ali / Nyakarungu, Elizabeth / Mpina, Maxmillian / Deal, Anna / Bijeri, José Raso / Ondo Mangue, Martin Eka / Ntutumu Pasialo, Beltrán Ekua / Nguema, Genaro Nsue / Rivas, Matilde Riloha /

Chemba, Mwajuma / Ramadhani, Kamaka K / James, Eric R / Stabler, Thomas C / Abebe, Yonas / Riyahi, Pouria / Saverino, Elizabeth S / Sax, Julian / Hosch, Salome / Tumbo, Anneth / Gondwe, Linda / Segura, J Luis / Falla, Carlos Cortes / Phiri, Wonder Philip / Hergott, Dianna E B / García, Guillermo A / Maas, Carl / Murshedkar, Tooba / Billingsley, Peter F / Tanner, Marcel / Ayekaba, Mitoha Ondo'o / Sim, B Kim Lee / Daubenberger, Claudia / Richie, Thomas L / Abdulla, Salim / Hoffman, Stephen L

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2023 Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 138–146

Abstract: The radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) Vaccine has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in 5-month-old to 50-year-old Africans in multiple trials. Except for one, each trial has restricted enrollment to either infants and ... ...

Abstract	The radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) Vaccine has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in 5-month-old to 50-year-old Africans in multiple trials. Except for one, each trial has restricted enrollment to either infants and children or adults < 50 years old. This trial was conducted in Equatorial Guinea and assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of three direct venous inoculations of 1.8 × 106 or 2.7 × 106 PfSPZ, of PfSPZ Vaccine, or normal saline administered at 8-week intervals in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial stratified by age (6-11 months and 1-5, 6-10, 11-17, 18-35, and 36-61 years). All doses were successfully administered. In all, 192/207 injections (93%) in those aged 6-61 years were rated as causing no or mild pain. There were no significant differences in solicited adverse events (AEs) between vaccinees and controls in any age group (P ≥ 0.17). There were no significant differences between vaccinees and controls with respect to the rates or severity of unsolicited AEs or laboratory abnormalities. Development of antibodies to P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein occurred in 67/69 vaccinees (97%) and 0/15 controls. Median antibody levels were highest in infants and 1-5-year-olds and declined progressively with age. Antibody responses in children were greater than in adults protected against controlled human malaria infection. Robust immunogenicity, combined with a benign AE profile, indicates children are an ideal target for immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control ; Sporozoites ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Equatorial Guinea ; Malaria Vaccines ; Double-Blind Method ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Attenuated ; Malaria Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.22-0773
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Article ; Online: The Equatoguinean Malaria Vaccine Initiative: From the Launching of a Clinical Research Platform to Malaria Elimination Planning in Central West Africa.

Billingsley, Peter F / Maas, Carl D / Olotu, Ally / Schwabe, Christopher / García, Guillermo A / Rivas, Matilde Riloha / Hergott, Dianna E B / Daubenberger, Claudia / Saverino, Elizabeth / Chaouch, Adel / Embon, Oscar / Chemba, Mwajuma / Nyakarungu, Elizabeth / Hamad, Ali / Cortes, Carlos / Schindler, Tobias / Mpina, Maximillian / Mtoro, Ali / Sim, B Kim Lee /

Richie, Thomas L / McGhee, Ken / Tanner, Marcel / Obiang Lima, Gabriel Mbaga / Abdulla, Salim / Hoffman, Stephen L / Ayekaba, Mitoha Ondo'o

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2020 Volume 103, Issue 3, Page(s) 947–954

Abstract: Fifteen years of investment in malaria control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (EG), dramatically reduced malaria-associated morbidity and mortality, but the impact has plateaued. To progress toward elimination, EG is investing in the development of a ...

Abstract	Fifteen years of investment in malaria control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (EG), dramatically reduced malaria-associated morbidity and mortality, but the impact has plateaued. To progress toward elimination, EG is investing in the development of a malaria vaccine. We assessed the unique public-private partnership that has had such a significant impact on malaria on Bioko Island and now added a major effort on malaria vaccine development. As part of a $79M commitment, the EG government (75%) and three American energy companies (25%) have invested since 2012 greater than $55M in the Equatoguinean Malaria Vaccine Initiative (EGMVI) to support clinical development of Sanaria
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Biomedical Research/organization & administration ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Eradication/trends ; Equatorial Guinea/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets/supply & distribution ; Islands ; Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration
Chemical Substances	Malaria Vaccines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.19-0966
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